NU ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES 新能源技术 Your Energy Source for the New Millennium 新世纪的能量来源
Radiant Energy 辐射能 Power Generation 发电
revised millennium edition千禧年版的修订
Information in this document is subject to change without notice and does not represent a commitment on the part of Bruce A. Perreault. The information described in this document is furnished under a license agreement or nondisclosure agreement. The information may be used or copied only in accordance with the terms of the agreement. It is against the law to copy this information on magnetic tape, disk, or any other medium for any purpose other than the purchaser’s personal use. 本文档中的信息如有变更,恕不另行通知,并不代表对布鲁斯答佩雷奥特承诺。本文档中描述提供的信息是根据许可协议或保密协议。这些信息可用于或只根据复制与协议条款。它是复制这个磁带上的信息,磁盘,或为任何目的而购买者的个人使用其他的任何其他媒介是违法的。
LICENSE AGREEMENT 许可协议
IMPORTANT – By reading the pages to follow and/or by using the enclosed information, you agree to be bound by the terms set-forth herein by Bruce A. Perreault (BAP). BAP grants you a limited, non-exclusive,non-transferable, royalty-free license for the use of one copy of the enclosed information. BAP retains all title and all ownership rights to this information. All rights not expressly granted are reserved to BAP. You shall not rent, lease, sell, sub-license, assign, or otherwise transfer the information. You shall not decompose or disassemble the information except to the extent that this restriction is expressly prohibited by law. Your license for the use of the information shall commence upon your receipt of it. The license shall continue until terminated in writing by the author or his estate. The information is deemed accepted by you. In no event shall Bruce A. Perreault be liable for any consequential, incidental, direct, indirect, special, punitive, or other damages whatsoever arising out of this agreement or the use of or inability to use the information, except to the extent that this limitation is prohibited by law. 重要事项 通过阅读这些网页,以跟踪和/或使用封闭的信息,您同意-约束条件的设置,由布鲁斯答佩雷奥特(BAP)等这里提出。 BAP的授予您有限的,非排他性的,不可转让,免版税许可的一个封闭的信息的副本使用。 BAP的所有权,并保留所有一切所有权此信息。未明确授予的所有权利保留给BAP的。您不得出租,租赁,出售,分许可,转让或以其他方式转让的信息。您不得分解或分解除非这种限制是法律明文禁止的范围内的信息。您的信息使用许可即应在收到你的它。该许可证将继续,直至该人或其遗产书面终止。该信息被认为是接受你。在任何情况下,布鲁斯答佩雷奥特承担任何相应的,偶然的,直接,间接,特殊,惩罚性损害赔偿或其他任何因本协议或使用或无法使用除外程度的信息,使用,这限制是法律禁止。
Copyright Information
Unless otherwise noted, all materials (including without limitation all text, graphics, instructions, and demonstrations) are copyrighted, ©1999, 2000, July 2001 & November 2001 by Bruce A. Perreault. The material available through this publication may be freely used for attributed noncommercial educational purposes only. Due credit is hereby requested and notification is to be given to the author.
All materials may not be reproduced, stored in any retrieval system, or used in any way for commercial purposes without the express prior written permission of the copyright holder.
ISBN 1-930216-01-7
Dedication Dr. Thomas Henry Moray, of Salt Lake City, Utah, was probably the first to use Radiant Energy as a source of power. His tireless effort, to gain recognition for this work, has been an inspiration to me. 献给 托马斯博士亨利马里,盐湖城,犹他州,可能是首先使用的电源辐射能。他的不懈努力,以获得对这项工作的认识,一直是激励我。 The original concepts presented by the late Dr. Thomas Henry Moray, of Salt Lake City, between the years 1909 to 1974, have paved a road to our energy independence. He made history by drawing the attention of the scientific community to certain discoveries of far-reaching importance. His research involved the direct application of Radiant Energy, to the ultimate electric particles of the atoms and molecules of the Universe. Dr. Moray's discoveries, when demonstrated, convinced large numbers of scientific men who had witnessed them in action. However, there were a few scientists in high places who prevented the commercial success of this technology. 原来的概念由已故的托马斯博士亨利马里,盐湖城提交年间1909年至一九七四年,已经走出了一条对我们的能源独立的道路。他提出提请科学界关注的具有深远意义的一些新发现的历史。他的研究涉及辐射能直接适用,对原子和宇宙的分子最终带电粒子。马里博士的发现,证明时,相信谁曾目睹他们在行动中广大官兵的科学。然而,在高的地方一谁妨碍了这一技术的商业也取得了一些科学家。
If these eminent men, the supposed leaders of the scientific community, had the privilege of studying under Dr. Moray; they would have understood his discoveries and applauded them. But in their ignorance of Radiant Energy, they refused to believe or even listen politely to the facts that he often demonstrated. 如果这些杰出的男子,科学界的推举领导人,有幸马里博士指导下学习,他们会理解他的发现和他们鼓掌。但是,在他们的辐射能量的无知,他们拒绝相信,甚至礼貌的听取他经常演示的事实。
One of his prototypes measured about 42 x 26 x 22 inches and weighed no more than sixty pounds. It generated around four kilowatts of electrical power and was demonstrated in front of scores of witnesses. Unfortunately, these few people, knowing nothing of the truth, have done incalculable damage to Moray's discoveries over the years. 他的原型之一尺寸约42 × 26 × 22英寸,重不超过60磅。它产生的约4万千瓦的电力,并在的几十证人面前演示。不幸的是,这几个人,对真相一无所知,对马里的发现一直做了几年不可估量的损失。 In its' widest form, Radiant Energy can be said to be the "Holy Grail of Free Energy." Those who wish to study this exciting subject will do well to give serious attention to Dr. Moray's original discoveries and to my recent research. 在其'最广泛的形式,辐射能可以说是“自由能的圣杯。”那些希望研究这个令人振奋的课题需要严肃注意博士马里的原始发现和我最近的研究。 It should be as easy to accept the fact that a device can be built to receive radiation from its surroundings as it is to accept a radio that receives broadcast waves. One device transforms radio energy coming from a transmitter to sound while the other transposes electrical particles into heat, light, or power. The fundamentals are the same in radio and in the Radiant Energy (R. E.) device. The radio receiver receives transmitted energy waves out of the air; the R. E. device receives energy waves from atomic ions and converts them into electricity. As in the reception of radio waves, the Radiant Energy circuit is tuned to respond to the natural energy that is emitted from certain intermolecular reactions.
这是很容易接受这样的事实,可以构建一个设备接收其周围辐射如同接受电台广播接收电波。一台设备转化无线电发射器来能量至声音,而其他转移至电力粒子成热,光,或电力。本质是相同的,在无线电和辐射能(R.E)的设备。无线电接收器从空气接收传输能量波,R.E设备接收来自原子和离子的能量波它们转化为电能。正如在接收无线电波,辐射能量电路调谐到以回应某些分子间的反应的排放量自然能量。
Table of Contents
BOOK DEDICATION ii
LIST OF FIGURES iv
INTRODUCTION v
SECTION 1
ATOMOSPHERIC ELECTRICITY 1
SECTION 2
THE WIRELESS TELEGRAPHIC CONNECTION 3
SECTION 3
MORAY’S CIRCUITRY 7
SECTION 4
EARLY DEMONSTRATIONS 10
SECTION 5
MY RADIANT ENERGY RESEARCH 31
SECTION 6
ION VALVE TECHNOLOGY EXPLAINED 35
SECTION 7
EDWIN GRAY'S ENERGY SYSTEM 39
SECTION 8
TREATISE ON MATTER & ENERGY 41
SECTION 9
ALPHA FUSION 47
SECTION 10
THE TRUTH ABOUT NUCLEAR SCIENCE 53
REFERENCE PATENT
HERMANN PLAUSON - JUNE 9, 1925 - 1,540,998 56
List of figures
Number Page
Figure 1 - EARLY RADIANT ENERGY CIRCUIT 7
Figure 2 - SOURCES OF RADIANT ENERGY 8
Figure 3 - PROOF OF CONCEPT 34
Figure 4 - ION VALVE 35
Figure 5 - RADIANT ENERGY GENERATOR CONCEPT DEVICE 37
Figure 6 - EDWIN GRAY ENERGY SYSTEM 40
INTRODUCTION
Radiant Energy is emitted as charged particles from all bodies at a constant rate. The mystery surrounding it will unlock untold amounts of energy. Under the proper conditions, it can be rendered susceptible to the most incomprehensible changes caused by the oscillations, pulsation and surging throughout the Universe. 辐射能被发射从以恒定速率的所有机构的带电粒子。它的神秘能量会释放无数的数额。适当的条件下,它可以提供最容易理解的振荡,脉动和整个宇宙的上涨引起的变化。
It was discovered by the Curie’s that all matter is radioactive. It can be shown that radium, barium, uranium, thorium, polonium, vanadium, cerium, molybdenum, zinc, aluminum, etc... will imprint radiographs on sensitive photographic paper. 这是由居里夫人发现的所有事物都是具有放射性。它可以证明镭,钡,铀,钍,钋,钒,铈,钼,锌,铝等..敏感的印记X光相纸。 The Sun’s explosions hurl intense surges of Radiant Energy at the Earth. The atmosphere absorbs these particles, shielding all life on the planet from deadly harm. Electrical charge is induced into the clouds that form in the lower atmosphere. This is due to the fact that clouds are in constant motion and travel parallel to the highly charged upper atmosphere. Once enough charge is built up in a cloud, it discharges to the ground as lightening. Static charge is thus transformed into kinetic oscillations. The Earth’s magnetic field quivers in response to these surgings. Is it too far fetched to reason that we can duplicate this natural process to obtain electrical power? 太阳的爆炸投掷在地球的辐射能强烈的冲击。大气中吸收这些粒子,屏蔽所有从致命的伤害地球上的生命。电荷归纳成云的形式在低层大气中。这是基于这样的事实,云是在不断运动和旅行平行于高度充电的上层大。一旦在云里建立了足够的充电,它以闪电向地面排放。由此静态充电转化为动能振荡。地球的磁场也引发振动响应这些浪涌。是不是太牵强的理由,我们可以复制这个自然进程,以获取电力? If an oscillating tank circuit has the correct impedance, reactance and inductance it will absorb energy from an external oscillating electrical source. Energy is captured. The tank oscillations can be kept alive by establishing resonance with the external source. Therefore, energy is not drawn from the transformer that powers the tank circuit. In the case of the Radiant Energy Receiver, it becomes possible to harness the atomic electrons that are generated within specially constructed energized plasma tubes. 如果振荡储能电路具有正确的阻抗,电抗和电感,它将吸收来自外部振荡电源能量。电力将被俘。振荡储能可以保持激活,通过建立与外部震荡源的谐振。因此,能源是不是来自于给储能电路供电的变压器。在辐射能接收情况下,就有可能利用那些产生在特制的带电离子管的原子电子发电。 What I have just revealed here is the "Holy Grail of Energy." The implications of this discovery are far and wide. Is humankind ready for such a revelation? What will be explained in the pages to follow is nothing more than a glorified radio receiver, one that is designed to oscillate with the oscillations of the Universe. It locks onto the very wheelwork of nature. This Radiant Energy receiver should last for many years with very little maintenance, no more than for a good radio. 我刚才是在此间透露的是“自由能的圣杯”,这一发现的影响是深远的。人类是否准备好了应对这样的发现?下面将会解释的只不过是一个广受赞誉的无线电接收器,一个设计用来谐振于宇宙的振荡。它被锁定到正对自然的齿轮。这辐射能接收器会持久运行很多年,并很少的维护,不比一个良好的无线电收音机多。
"Electric power is everywhere present in unlimited quantities and can drive the world's machinery without the need of coal, oil, gas, or any other of the common fuels." “电力眼下到处都是,无限量的,可以驱动世界的机器而不需要煤,石油,天然气,或任何其他的普通燃料。”
-Nikola Tesla
尼古拉特斯拉
SECTION 1 第1节
Atmospheric Electricity大气电学 We have succeeded in penetrating many secrets of Nature. Because of this we have an obligation to honor her abundant miracles with care and respect. 我们成功地透悉了大自然的许多秘密。正因为如此,我们有责任和义务以小心和尊重的态度对其她丰富的奇迹致以敬意。 Since the time of Benjamin Franklin and his famous kite experiments not much has been learned about the nature of atmospheric electricity and how to convert it into useful power. Certain people have discussed this form of energy to some extent. Some theoretical papers in the so-called "free energy" field have been written. Many of these theorists deny that our ionized atmosphere can be utilized to produce usable amounts of electrical power. They are determined to cling to their wild unproven theories. 自从本杰明富兰克林和他著名的风筝实验后,对大气电力性质,如何转换为有用的电力人们了解了不多。有些人在一定程度上在讨论这个形式的能量。在所谓的“免费能源”领域都写了一些理论文章。这些理论家否认,我们的离子化的大气可用于生产可用数额的电力。他们决心坚持其原始未经证实的理论。
Nevertheless, I have taken it upon myself to find a solution to converting ionized particles into useful electrical currents. The properties of radioactive matter have shown me that large quantities of energy can be collected and converted. I have found that with the right circuits and components, rivers of high-voltage static electricity can be efficiently transformed into a lower practical voltage. It is my desire to be able to furnish irrefutable proof of this process, in this new millennium. However, there are still more questions that need to be answered. The utilization of the atmospheric electricity on completely new ground has to first take place. 不过,我已自己有责任找到一种方案解决转化离子化粒子为有用的带电电流。放射性物质的特性已经展示给我,大量的能量可以被收集和转换。我发现,通过正确的电路和元件,高压静电的河流可以有效地转化为实用的低电压。我希望能够在新的千年为这一进程提供无可辩驳地证明。但是,还有更多的是需要回答的问题。在大气电力利用将在全新的基础上首先发生。
The production and utilization of atmospheric electricity for the well being of humankind has been the goal of scholars and researchers for countless years now. However, the implementation of a real working device has remained a pious desire until today. This is because well-intentioned researchers turn away from the simple fact that there is free electricity in the atmospheric air just waiting to power our appliances. Only in the last year have I realized through new experiences and investigations that atmospheric electricity may be drawn into an electronic device in usable quantities to be converted into useful power. 生产和大气的用电以及人类福祉一直是学者和研究人员已经无数年的目标。然而,真正的工作设备的实现,直到今天仍然是一个虔诚的愿望。这是因为善意的研究人员脱离了这样一个简单的事实,即在大气有免费的电力在等着驱动我们的设备。仅在过去的一年我才通过新的经验和调查认识到,应用数量的大气电力可以被吸收到电子装置中并转化为有用电力。
Many researchers after investigating atmospheric electricity become astonished when they realize that there is nothing new in the World. They find out that the features of atmospheric electricity have been with us for a very long time, before the knowledge of electricity. The wisdom of the effects and utilization of atmospheric electricity dates back many thousands of years, as we can infer from the biblical texts. We read in the first book of Moses, that the all-holiest temple of Jehovah housed the Ark of the Covenant. With the exception of the high priests, this Ark would kill anyone getting to close to it. Furthermore, we read that 40 priests dared to approach the Ark, in the absence of Moses and Aaron. Lightning issued out from it, killing all 40 priests. 许多调查者研究大气电力后感到震惊,当他们意识到,世界没有什么新的。他们发现,在获得电学知识前,大气电力的属性已经伴随我们相当长的时间。影响和利用大气电力的智慧可追溯到数千年前,根据我们可以查证的圣经经文。我们阅读了摩西的第一本书,在最神圣的寺庙放置着耶和华的约柜。除了大祭司外,这约柜会杀死任何想靠近它的人。此外,我们读到,40个在没有摩西和亚伦在场的情况下斗胆接近约柜。闪电从它发出的,40祭司全部遇难。
It is written in the second book of Moses, Chapter 25 verses 10-11: 它是在摩西写第二本书,第25章诗句10-11日: 10. Frame an ark of acacia-wood; the length whereof shall be of two cubits and a half (45 inches): the width, a cubit and a half (27 inches): the height, likewise a cubit and a half. 11. And thou shall overlay it with the purest gold within and without (exactly like a capacitor).
10。约柜的框架是皂荚木,以长度应为二肘半(45英寸): 宽,一肘半(27英寸):高,同样一肘半。 11。而你将覆盖它以最纯净的黄金于内部和外部(就像一个电容)。
The biblical text sited here indicates that the Ark was made out of a noble wood that acted as a good electrical insulator and that gold was to be laid inside and out. Thereby, all conditions were just right for creating a good electrical capacitor. From the description we can tell that Moses and Aaron knew how to collect electrostatic energy from the atmosphere. This Ark of the Covenant could only have been a very large capacitor with a huge capacity. It was charged by atmospheric electricity from the accounts given. The fact that it remained fully charged with this electricity must be attributed to the dry climate in Palestine. Knowledge of this energy was a coveted secret kept by Moses and the high priests of Egypt. They were the first connoisseurs of atmospheric electricity. 圣经文本选址在这里表明约柜是由一个高贵的木材充当良好的电气绝缘,而黄金是必须置于内外了。因此,所有条件,正好为制造一个良好的电力电容器。从描述告诉我们,摩西和亚伦知道如何收集大气中的静电能量。这约柜只能是一个巨大的容量电容器。这是从给定的内容看,它是由大气充电。它可以保持完全充电的事实是一定是由于在巴勒斯坦气候干燥。这种能源知识是一个令人垂涎的秘密,由摩西保持和埃及的大祭司保有。他们是大气电力的第一鉴赏家。 When the study of meteorology first began there was a big interest in atmospheric electricity. Many in this field thought to use it. This is revealed through the patents of the time. The first relevant patent was granted to inventor Dr. Heinrich Rudolph of St. Goarshausen according to the German Patent Office; D.R.P. No. 98180 January 19, 1897. 当气象研究首先开始时出现了一个对大气电力极大的兴趣。在这一领域的许多人都想利用它。这是揭示当时的专利。第一个是有关授予专利的发明人海因里希鲁道夫博士圣高尔郝善根据德国专利局;的DRP第98180 1897年1月19日。 Benjamin Franklin in America made a few attempts to utilize atmospheric electricity. He once built a motor that implied a commercially significant amount of energy might be derived from the Earth's atmosphere. It has been observed that a potential gradient of 150 volts per meter of height is always available on average. 本杰明富兰克林在美国进行了一些尝试利用大气中的电力。他曾建立了一个马达,意味着能源从地球大气层的大量商业可能产生。据观察,平均水平下每米高度有150V的电势梯度始终可用的。 There are three major causes of atmospheric ionization shown in Figure 2. The first one is due to the cosmic rays and the second cause is due to the solar winds. The solar winds consist of 96% protons and the remaining percentage is atoms of tritium. There are other particles but they are relatively unimportant. Almost all of these high-energy particles are absorbed by the Earth's upper atmosphere causing it to become ionized. This is how the ionosphere is created. However, the area where the reaction between the solar wind and the magnetosphere takes place is far outside of the Earth's atmosphere. The charged solar wind particles rattle our planet's magnetic cage long before its gas envelope neutralizes them. The third cause of atmospheric ionization is due to the content of radioactive gasses contained in the air we breathe. In the ground radioactive substances such as radium, thorium and actinium are spread throughout the soil. These elements generate gaseous radioactive emanations that spread in the air and ionize its molecules. The actinium-emanation generated from the decay of U235 plays a major role because of its brief radioactive half-life of 3.9 seconds. 如图2所示,有三种大气电离的主要原因。第一个是由于宇宙射线,第二个原因是太阳风。太阳风含有96%的质子,其余的百分比是氚原子。还有其他的粒子,但它们是相对不重要。几乎所有的这些高能量粒子都是由地球上层大气吸收并使后者被电离。这是电离层如何创建的。然而,太阳风和磁气圈发生反应的区域远在在地球大气层之外。带电的太阳风粒子扰动我们星球的磁笼很长时间,然后后者的气膜才会中和它们。大气电离第三个原因是因为在我们呼吸的空气中放射性气体含量。在地面的土壤中的放射性物质如镭,钍和锕。这些元素产生的各种放射性气体在空气中传播并离子化其分子。锕,从U235衰变散射产生占了主要角色,由于其半衰期为3.9秒。 Radio Ionics
There are not enough charged ions in the air to be converted into electrical power. This on the surface appears to be a correct calculation and assumption. There simply are not enough of them. However, what has been overlooked is the fact that these ions are in a state of constant surging motion. This is the mechanism to obtain power from this sea of energy! It is not the charge that should be looked at. These ions are in motion like magnets are in motion in a generator. Can you see the correlation here? It is the motion of the ions that induce electrical current. By means of properly tuned radio ionic circuit rests a possible solution to harnessing this source of energy. Hermann Plauson was successful in converting atmospheric energy into useful electrical currents. He was granted a patent titled "Conversion of Atmospheric Electric Energy" – U.S. Patent No. 1,540,998. In this patent he states that "St. Elmo's fire and the northern lights can be more or less absorbed in the same way as a receiver in wireless telegraphy absorbs waves coming from a far distance." This patent has been added to the end of this book for your study. It begins on page 59.
无线电离子
在空气中没有足够的带电离子以转换成电力。这在表面上似乎是一个正确的计算和假设,因为根本没有足够的它们。然而,一直被人忽略的是,这些离子处于一种不断涨落状态。这就是要从这能源之海取得能源的机制!这应该不是像充电那样被看待。这些离子的运动像磁铁在一台发电机中的运动。你能看到这里的相关性吗?这是离子的运动,引发电流。通过适当调谐无线电离子电路在于以利用这种能源的可能解决办法。赫尔曼Plauson成功地转化为有用的大气能量的电流。他被授予专利的题为“转换大气电能” -美国专利号1540998。在此专利,他指出,“圣艾尔摩之火和北极光可以或多或少以相同的方式被吸收,像无线电报接收从远处来电波一样。”这项专利已被添加到您的学习本书的结尾。它开始于第59页。
SECTION 2
The Wireless Telegraphic Connection Radio in the early years was called "wireless telegraphy." Beginning around the year 1913, amateur wireless telegraph stations were set up in trees and housetops. Aerials and masts dotted the countryside. It is estimated that there was almost "a quarter of a million stations." They were used to send and receive wireless telegraph signals, not voice. Vacuum tubes were not yet widely known. These stations had to rely on spark gaps. 第2
电报无线连接 早年电台被称为“无线电报。”开始1913年左右,业余无线电报站,设立在树上,房顶上。天线桅杆点和农村。据估计,几乎有“25万站的四分之一。”它们被用来发送和接收无线电报信号,而不是声音。真空管尚未广为人知。这些电视台不得不依靠火花隙。 It was the energy spikes, or surges put out by the spark-gap transmitters that first caught T. H. Moray’s attention back in 1903. In 1909 Moray devised a circuit that would draw electricity from these surges of energy that traveled through the ground. By the fall of 1910 he obtained enough electrical energy from the ground to power a miniature arc lamp. During the Christmas holidays of 1911 he was able to power an old type 16-candle carbon arc lamp at about half of its brightness. 正是由火花隙发射机带来的能量尖峰,或浪涌,1903年第一次引起T. H. 马里的重新关注。 1909年马里设计了一个电路,从通过地面传导的能量浪涌汲取能量。到了1910年秋天,他获得足够的从地面来的电能,来为微型弧光灯供电。在1911年圣诞假期期间,他已能够为旧型16蜡烛碳弧光灯供电到一半的亮度。 In 1912 while Henry Moray was on mission with the Mormon Church in Uppsala, Sweden, his passion for crystal radios got him started in his research in the science of radiant energy. Every spare moment he searched for a mineral that could possibly work as a radio detector. Moray had found two specimens that worked well as radio detectors. The material found in the hillside could have very well been a type of argenti-zinciferrous-galena. This type of galena is highly sensitive to radio waves that allowed his receiver to function without a battery. I make this assumption because a galena type synthetic formula can be found in Moray’s Electrotherapeutic Apparatus –U.S. Patent No. 2,460,707. This material using only the power transmitted from a local wireless station could drive a small horn speaker as reported by Moray. 1912年当亨利马里与Mormon Church 执行任务时,在瑞典乌普萨拉,他对晶体收音机热情让他开始在辐射能科学的研究。一切空闲时间,他都在搜寻可以作为一个可能的工作无线电探测器的矿物质。马里发现两个标本可以很好的担任无线电探测器。该材料的山坡发现很可能一直是阿根类型zinciferrous,方铅矿。这种类型的方铅矿高度敏感的无线电波,允许其接收功能,无需电池。我提出这是因为方铅矿类型合成公式可马里的Electrotherapeutic仪发现,假设美专利号2460707。这种材料只使用从当地无线电台传输可驱动一台小喇叭由马里报告的权力。 The other detector material was a white, powdery, stone-like material that he found in a railway car, located in Abisko, Sweden. From military records we know for certain that this white material was "fused silica." Silica is the chemical name for the simple oxide of silicon, silicon dioxide (SiO4). Mineralogists call this compound quartz. This is normally found in nature in its crystalline form. Finding this mineral in a fused state can only mean one thing. That, what Moray found was metamict quartz. A metamict is a crystalline mineral that loses its crystal structure due to radioactive destruction. For this to occur the quartz had to have contained trace amounts of uranium and/or thorium, which is why it was found in a "fused" state, in a more or less amorphous state, the so-called metamict state, owing to radiation damage from α-decay of these impurities. "Over the course of hundreds of millions of years, α-decay doses as high as 1019 decays/g can occur, which may lead to the complete amorphization"(1) of the quartz structure. 另一个探测器材料是白色,粉状,石头等材料,他在车里发现铁路在阿比斯库,位于瑞典。从我们的肯定,这个白色物质是“石英知道的军事记录。”二氧化硅是简单的氧化硅,二氧化硅(硅氧)化学名称。矿物学家把这种化合物石英。这通常是存在于自然界中的结晶形式。寻找在熔融状态这种矿物只能意味着一件事。那什么马里发现的是变生石英。阿变生是一个失去结晶矿物,其晶体结构,由于放射性的破坏。对于这种情况发生的石英必须含有微量的铀和金额/或钍,这就是为什么它是一个“融合”状态中,在或多或少无定形状态,所谓的变生状态,由于辐射损害α-衰变,这些杂质。过去的数百万年,α-高达1019衰变衰减剂量计,“/克,就可能出现,这可能导致完全非晶化”(1石英结构)。 Moray's rare mineral find became known as the "Swedish stone." He was able to light a standard 100-watt General Electric light bulb in June of 1925 with this Swedish stone. By August 1925 he was able power an electric flat iron along with the 100-watt bulb. Therefore, bringing the total power consumed to 655 watts. People would quite often demand that he would draw too much power from his device and the white, stone-like material would overheat and burn up. 马里的稀有矿产找到被称为“瑞典石头。”他能够根据1925年标准100瓦的灯泡通用电气公司在6月这个瑞典石头。到1925年8月,他能够功率电随着100瓦的灯泡扁铁。因此,使总功率消耗655瓦。人们会经常要求他从他的设备和权力过大的白色石头状的物质会出现过热和烧毁。
A problem of drawing power from telegraph stations appeared when the Federal Radio Commission on Nov. 11, 1928 limited the amount that could be transmitted. The transmitted frequency also had to be well defined. Spark-gap transmitters simply could not meet these requirements. Scores of spark gap driven telegraph stations had to be dismantled and in effect had been given death sentences. This spelled disaster for Moray. He could still draw energy from the background radio noise produced by the great cosmos but the amount of power that he could obtain was severely limited. Originally, Moray’s source of power was drawn from the local spark gap radio transmitting stations through the ground. Moray could draw power from the radio frequencies generated by nature but unfortunately only very low power could be had from this source. This forced Moray to develop a more favorable detector material. It was not too long before he got the inspiration to add radioactive dopants to his Swedish stone material and to other types of semiconductive materials. This occurred shortly after the Radio Allocation Act of 1928 when Moray's detectors were no longer able to receive steady incoming power. His Radiant Energy receiver could produce power but it only came in regular pulses. It was not constant without the added radioactive material. The addition of radioactive dopants to semiconductors allowed his receiver to produce a steady flow of energy. 阿的号召力,从电报站出现问题时,联邦广播委员会28年11月11日限制可以传输量。传输的 频率还必须明确界定。火花隙发射机根本无法满足这些要求。成绩的火花隙驱动电报站,必须拆除,实际上已判处死刑。这种对马里带来灾难性的后果。他仍然可以借助背景无线电伟大的宇宙产生的噪声能量,而是权力,他可以得到数额极为有限。最初,马里的权力来源是来自当地的火花隙转递通过地面站电台。马里可以从本质上产生的无线电频率的权力,但只可惜极低功耗可以从这个来源有。这迫使马里制定一个更有利的探测器材料。这是不久之前他得到的灵感,加入他的放射性掺杂瑞典石材和对其他类型的半导体材料。这发生后不久,广播电台1928年分配法时,马里的探测器已不再能够获得稳定的输入功率。他的辐射能接收器可以产生电力,但它只是在普通脉冲来。这不是经常说没有放射性物质。掺杂的放射性除了允许他的接收器产生巨大的能量不断流动半导体。 Radiant Energy Early Definition
Professor Langley showed that out of the total amount of radiation coming from the Sun, only the visible portion of the spectrum represents only 19%. He presented the theory that there is only one kind of energy radiated from sunlight. That, heat, and chemical effects depend entirely upon the state or condition which radiant energy may happen to fall on matter. 辐射能早期定义
教授兰利显示,在总的辐射量从太阳飞来,只在频谱的可见部分只占19%。他提出的理论,只有一个能源类的阳光辐射。说,热,化学效应取决于状态或条件的辐射能量,完全可能会出现下降的问题。 Professor Langley wrote that up until 1872 it was almost universally believed that there were three different kinds of entities–actinic, luminous, and thermal, represented in the spectrum. There is only one radiant energy that appears to us as 'actinic,' or 'luminous,' or 'thermal' radiation, according to the way we observe it. Heat and light, therefore, can not be things in themselves, but separate sensations to our bodily sensors. They are merely effects of this mysterious thing called "radiant energy." 兰利教授写道,直到1872年,它几乎普遍认为,有三个不同类型的 实体-光化,发光,和热,代表的频谱。只有一个辐射能量,在我们看来,作为'光化,'或'发光'或'热'辐射,据我们观察它的方式。热和光,因此,不能在自己的事情,但我们的身体传感器独立的感觉。他们只是一种称为“辐射能量的影响这个神秘的东西。” The Italian physicist Melloni stated that, "light is merely a series of caloric indications sensible to the organs of sight, or vice versa, the radiation of obscure heat are veritable invisible radiation of light." Melloni wrote this in 1843, but it was not adopted until Langley by his elaborate researches, more refined and complex, proved it. The great physicists of society then adopted the doctrine of one radiant energy. 意大利物理学家梅洛尼表示,“轻只不过是明智的视线机关,反之亦然,对不明热辐射是名副其实的轻无形辐射热量的一系列迹象。”梅洛尼在1843年写的,但直到他的兰利通过精心研究,更精细和复杂,证明了这一点。社会的伟大物理学家然后通过一个辐射能量的理论。 Only a few researchers know the immediate effect of radiant energy: electromagnetic. The results of two centuries of observation all point to this conclusion. When a mighty tongue of white-hot matter darts across the abyss of a large spot or cavern on the Sun, the equilibrium of the Earth's magnetic field is disturbed and the effect is a magnetic storm. The needles of magnetographs throughout the world quiver and oscillate. The vibrations take place on opposite sides of our planet, the impulse passes from the Sun to the side nearest of the Earth and then to the most distant side, whether through or around the Planet's surface. 只有少数的研究人员知道辐射能立即生效:电磁。两个世纪以来的观测结果都指向这个结论。当白跨越一个庞大的现货或太阳,地球磁场的洞穴深渊热平衡问题飞镖强大的舌头感到不安的是,效果是磁暴。世界各地的颤动的针的magnetographs和振荡。采取的振动对我们星球的东西两侧的地方,脉冲传递从太阳到地球的一侧,然后到最近的最遥远的一面,无论是通过或周围行星的表面。 After centuries of investigation from Gilbert to Tesla, this most wonderful research still holds admiration and mystery for all that study this vast science; electrodynamics. Power is cut out of the seemingly emptiness of space, and the hurrying waves are caught and chained to servitude in artificial light and electric appliances. The Sun, being electromagnetic, emits waves that carry power, which beat and surge against the Earth. A magnetic field is space that surrounds a magnet. This space might be filled with air, wood, stone, glass, or might be a vacuum. But the waves are not quenched. They flow through all of these things. A freely suspended magnet in a magnetic field will move, and the Earth's surface is surrounded by a magnetic field, that is acted upon by the Sun's magnetic field. Suspend a sewing needle by a silk fiber in the Earth's magnetic field and it will come to rest parallel to the field's north and south poles. Now, if this field becomes disturbed, that is; if it becomes stronger or weaker, the needle will move. This is a magnetic storm. When a gas jet is hurled across a spot on the Sun the disturbance reaches the Earth in the same time that light does. So, radiance traveling at 186,000 miles per second is reaching the Earth in eight minutes and nineteen seconds. 经过几个世纪的吉尔伯特调查的特斯拉,这最美妙的研究仍然认为该研究所有钦佩和神秘的这个巨大的科学;电动力学。权力是剔除看似虚无的空间,而匆匆波被抓获和拴在人工光源,电器奴役。太阳,是电磁,即进行权力,殴打和对地球激增发出波。阿磁场空间,围绕着一个磁铁。可能是这个空间充满空气,木材,石材,玻璃,或可能出现真空。但波没有熄灭。他们流经所有这些事情。甲在磁场中悬浮磁铁的自由移动,和地球表面的周围是一个磁场,这是采取行动的太阳磁场时。暂停在地球磁场的丝纤维,针,而且会来休息平行领域的南北两极。现在,如果这一领域变得不安,即,如果它变得更强或更弱,针会移动。这是一个磁暴。当气体喷射是跨越点投掷太阳上的干扰达到在同一时间,光线不地球。因此,辐射在每秒186,000英里,是达到了8分一九秒地球。 The most memorable magnetic storm occurred on November 17, 1882. This was one of the most violent recorded. The daily press was burdened with accounts of widespread magnetic disturbance. In some places telegraphic communication was suspended. The turbulence filled that great quadrilateral from New York to Yankton, Nashville and Winnipeg. In Milwaukee, the carbons in the electric lamps were lighted, rendered incandescent by currents of electricity flowing on the wires. At other locations, switchboards in telegraph offices were set on fire and sending keys were melted, while electric balls were seen hovering on the telegraph lines in Nebraska. 最难忘的磁暴发生于1882年11月17日。这是最暴力的记录之一。每天的新闻是背负着广泛的磁场干扰帐户。在一些电报通讯中断的地方。动荡填补了这一伟大的从纽约四边形的扬克顿,纳什维尔和温尼伯。在密尔沃基,在电灯的碳被点燃,提供了关于电力线的电流流动的白炽灯。在其他地点,办事处在电报交换机被放火和发送键被熔化,而电动球被人看见的内布拉斯加州的电报线附近徘徊。 The Earth's aurora holds the key to harnessing the Sun's daily pulsation. An aurora is the visible effect of obscure undulations from the Sun, as they come dashing on the Earth with a speed of 186,000 miles per second. In a six-month winter, say at the North Pole of the Earth, the Sun is far south of the equator, and none of its rays can shine on the Earth's northern pole. However, the aurora is very bright. It displays many colors, and these flash and glow with rapid variations. The light, although caused by the Sun, does not come direct. It is caused by the turbulence set up in the Earth's magnetic field by electromagnetic upheaval on the Sun. The field of the Earth is "tuned" with the Sun's field, as was the coherer in the days of wireless telegraphy and telephony. The aurora is known to be electrical, for magnets and compass needles on ships are always affected. Could the coherer of the days of old teach us something new? 地球的极光的态度是利用太阳的日常脉动的关键。极光是来自太阳的模糊起伏明显的效果,因为他们在与前来为每秒186,000英里的速度地球的锐气。在6个月的冬季,在地球北极说,太阳是远远赤道以南,和它的光线都无法照射到地球北部的一极。然而,极光是非常光明的。它可以显示多种颜色,这些闪光和快速变化的光芒。灯光,虽然太阳造成的,不来的直接。这是由于载于地球磁场由在太阳电磁动乱的动荡。地球的领域是“调整与太阳的领域”,因为是在无线电报和电话的日子检波。极光是已知电力,为磁铁和船舶上的罗盘针总是受到影响。可在旧时代检波教会我们一些新的东西?
No magnet can be placed near a "current" of electricity, or a static charge without making an oscillation. Every oscillation sends out a wave, like a stone falling in water. An electromagnetic wave from the Sun disturbs the Earth's magnetic field in the same way that an induction coil used in wireless telegraphy does. The Earth and coherer are both doing the same thing with the same kind of electromagnetic waves. The coherer in a distant receiving station will react to natural electromagnetic wave fronts from the Sun. It will likewise react to the artificial wave fronts coming from the induction coil. The electromagnetic wave makes the loose particles of metal between the knobs in the glass tube coherer generate dots and dashes. 没有磁铁可以安装在“当前电力”,或静电而不振荡。每个振荡发出了一个像石头掉在水中的浪潮。从太阳电磁波干扰以同样的方式,一个感应线圈中所使用的无线电报地球磁场一样。地球和检波都做了电磁波的同类一样。在一个遥远的接收站检波的反应自然电磁波战线从太阳。这将同样作出反应的人工波战线的感应线圈到来。电磁波使金属旋钮之间在玻璃管检波的细小颗粒生成点和线。 Making a device "oscillate with the oscillations of the Universe" may not be too far off the mark in obtaining energy. Perhaps a radon-powered diode (ion valve) will act as a one way gate to this energy? This type of specialized diode offers zero resistance to electrical current. It is also an ion gate that can function in the million-volt range. Today's state of the art high voltage diodes will not meet our requirement. This is because as more are added in series the greater the electrical resistance becomes. I believe that Moray's Swedish stone met our requirements utilizing only a trace amount of radon generating material. 制作设备“振荡与宇宙”的振荡可能不会太遥远获取能源的标志。也许氡供电二极管(离子阀)将作为一个单向门能量?这种类型的专门二极管提供零电阻的电流。这也是一个离子门的功能,可以在万伏之间。今天的最先进的高电压二极管将不能满足我们的要求。这是因为,更多的是一系列增加了更大的电阻越大。我相信,马里的瑞典石达到我们的要求仅使用了微量氡产生材料的数量。 Moray found that semiconductive materials doped with radioactive impurities have an increased sensitivity. One such satisfactory formula included a triboluminescent zinc mixture consisting of pure zinc sulfide, radioactive impurities and pure germanium metal. He also found that "artificial radiation" could be used in place of the radioactive impurities. For example, by exposing bismuth to wavelengths of energy emitted from one of his unique vacuum tubes, he was able to create "active bismuth," today known as Polonium–210. This is what Moray called "artificial radiation." When added to the zinc sulfide, it would glow a bluish-green. When this glowing material was then doped into ultra-pure germanium it made an excellent emitter of secondary electrons. This synthetic substance was called "fission material" by Moray. This transistor type material is said to be superior even to what is available today. 马里发现,半导体材料与放射性杂质掺杂有一个更高的灵敏度。其中一个令人满意的方案包括triboluminescent锌混合物纯硫化锌,放射性杂质和纯金属锗组成。他还发现,“人造辐射”可以在放射性杂质场所。例如,通过从铋暴露自己的独到的真空管一发射波长的能量,他能够创造“积极铋,”今天钋称为- 210。马里这就是所谓的“人工辐射。”当添加到硫化锌,它将焕发蓝绿色。当这种发光材料,然后掺杂到超纯锗它进行了一个良好的二次电子发射器。这种合成物质被称为“裂变材料马里”。这种晶体管型材料的优越甚至是什么上市。 "The Moray germanium mixture gives certain unique results in functioning as in a valve and or booster (amplifier). Made in form of rounded stones or pellets compressed under high pressure and fused. Combination contains radium chloride, thorium, uranium, and pure germanium metal-triboluminescent zinc. Some pellets fastened to envelop with pure tin in place of solder. Bismuth pellets fused to side. Germanium mixture pellets float between other pellets but making firm, needlepoint-like contact. Have used silicon too, which has some of the properties of germanium. Germanium works best when impurities are introduced. Care must be taken when alloyed with other substances, as too much other mixture added worsens conductivity and germanium loses its properties." * T.H. Moray, 5th edition, The Sea of Energy in Which the Earth Floats (1978), p. 71. “在马里锗的混合物作为使阀门在某些独特的运作结果,或助推器(放大器)。在圆形石头或高压压缩颗粒融合的形式提出。组合包含 氯化镭,钍,铀,锗和纯金属triboluminescent锌。为牢固,笼罩在地的纯锡焊料的一些球。铋颗粒融合的一面。锗混合颗粒等颗粒之间浮动,但制作公司,针尖般的联系。已经使用过的硅,它的锗的某些属性。锗杂质时效果最好介绍。必须注意与其他物质时,合金,因为太多的其他混合物添加恶化电导率和锗失去它的属性。“*日马里,第5版,在哪一个地球花车(1978海能源),第71页。 I had often asked myself: what ever became of Moray’s radiant energy tubes? Wouldn’t it be nice to run some tests on them? These questions have been put to rest because these very tubes are now in my possession. It was communicated to me that the widow of T. H. Moray gave these tubes and his notebook to a man named Stan Mahurin. This man knew Moray and his wife quite well. 我常常问自己:什么都成为马里的辐射能管?那岂不是好上运行他们的一些测试?这些问题都已经平息,因为这些非常管,现在在我的身上。这是传达给我,寡妇的TH马里了这些管和他的笔记本,命名为斯坦胡林的男子。这个人知道,马里和他的妻子非常好。 Mr. Mahurin passed the tubes onto a close friend because he had no clue as to their function but insisted on keeping the notebook. The next owner of the tubes had no clue either. These tubes remained in storage for over twenty-five years. I was contacted because of my passion for Radiant Energy research and was given the opportunity to purchase them. I promptly replied and have had the honor to inspect them first hand. Upon inspection of these tubes there does not appear to be any radioactive material in them. However, this does not mean that it was never in the tubes. Moray stated that he was using what he called "artificial radiation." From his notes we know that he created this artificial radioactive material by attracting radon gas to a metal by giving it a negative charge. We also know that radon decays to lead-210, a beta emitter with a half-life of around 22 years. This would mean that Moray's source of induced radioactive material would eventually burn itself out. This would explain why Moray did not have a running prototype in his later years. 马胡林转嫁先生的亲密朋友,因为他不知道他们的职能线索管,而是坚持要保持笔记本电脑。钢管的未来主人没有任何线索。这些管子留在存储超过二十五年。我是因为我接触的辐射能量的研究热情,并有机会购买。我当即回答,并光荣地检查他们的第一手情况。当这些管道检查,似乎没有为他们的任何放射性物质。但是,这并不意味着它是在没有管。马里说,他在用他所谓的“人工辐射。”从他指出,我们知道,他所创造的吸引给它一个负电荷氡气到金属这个人造放射性物质。我们也知道,氡衰变为铅210,一个半测试发射的约22年的寿命。这就意味着,马里的人工放射性物质的来源最终会自行耗竭。这可以解释为什么马里没有一个晚年运行的原型。 My own research is now nearly complete. My next project is to build a radiant energy generator that will demonstrate a few hundred watts of excess power above what the circuits require to be self-sustaining. The final step will be for me to develop a commercial unit for general use. Through this millennium edition of my book, the shroud of mystery surrounding this old source of energy may now be lifted. 我自己的研究已接近完成。我的下一个项目是建立一个辐射能量的发电机,将展示数百以上的电路需要什么能够自我维持的过剩瓦。最后一步将是我制定的一般使用的商业单位。通过我这本书,围绕这一能源的来源神秘的外罩旧千禧版现在可能被取消。
1) Miami University, Herbert Jaeger Physics 1)迈阿密大学,赫伯特积物理
SECTION 3
Moray’s Circuitry
第3节
马里的电路
Early Radiant Energy Circuit - Figure 1 早期辐射能电路-图1
It is assumed that the average reader of this publication is familiar with the elementary principles of radio transmission. Granting this, it is of course reasonable to believe that such readers will understand how an oscillating current is set up in a circuit comprising an inductance or coil of wire, a capacitor and a spark gap. The capacitor is charged with a high tension current from any convenient source such as a transformer or induction coil. When the potential stored in the capacitor reaches a critical value, the air in the gap between the spark gap electrodes can no longer stand the strain. The capacitor discharges across the gap in a succession of crashing sparks. As the current from the capacitor crosses the gap in one direction, it literally over-reaches itself just as a pendulum will swing past the neutral point when given a push by hand. After the first rush of current passes in one direction, a reversal of the cycle occurs and a second rush in the opposite direction occurs. This operation is repeated many thousands of times per second. The discharge gradually dies down as all the energy is either completely radiated or used up in heat or performing work. The oscillations cease once the potential across the capacitor has been lowered so that the spark can no longer jump the air gap. The capacitor immediately takes a fresh charge from the transformer and the entire cycle of operations is repeated. It will be understood that all of this passes in an infinitesimal fraction of a second. The charge and discharge of the capacitor takes place so rapidly that the observer can detect no change in the solid spark that appears continuously to fill the gap. It should also be understood that if the oscillating tank circuit has the correct impedance, reactance and inductance, it would absorb energy from an external oscillating electrical source. Energy is therefore captured. The tank oscillations can be kept alive by establishing resonance with the external source. In the case of Moray's early radiant energy receiver, the capacitor was charged through a material that acted like a high voltage diode. This material he called "Swedish stone." Electrons (electricity) were actually generated in the discharge tubes and fed back to the antenna and ground circuitry. This mode of energy generation is explained in more detail on pages 37 to 38. 据推测,这个刊物一般读者与无线传输的基本原则熟悉。若能如此,这当然是合理的,相信这样的读者了解电流振荡电路中设置了由一个电感或电线,一个电容和火花隙线圈。该电容器是被控以高度紧张方便从任何源电流,如变压器或感应线圈。当潜在的电容存储达到一个临界值,在火花间隙之间的空气间隙电极不能再承受的压力。在差距中的碰撞火花继承电容器放电。由于从电容器的电流穿过一个方向的差距,它字面上过度达到自己就像一个钟摆的摆动过去的中性点时,他们由手推。后电流通过在一个方向,一个周期的第一个高峰发生逆转,并在相反方向的第二个高峰出现。重复此操作,每成千上万的第二次。放电逐渐回稳,因为所有的能量都完全辐射或用于加热或执行的工作。振荡立即停止电容两端的潜力已经降低,使火花再也不能跳的空气间隙。该电容器立即采取从变压器新鲜费和业务重复整个周期。这将是了解,所有在1秒的无穷小部分这个通行证。充电和放电的电容器发生如此迅速,观察员可以检测固体中没有出现的火花不断填补空白的变化。还应该明白,如果坦克振荡电路具有正确的阻抗,电抗和电感,将吸收来自外部振荡电源能量。能源,因此被捕。坦克振荡可以维持生命,建立与外部资源的共鸣。在马里的早期辐射能量接收器的情况下,电容被指控通过一个像一个高电压二极管担任材料。这种材料被他称为“瑞典石头。”电子(电力)实际产生的排放管,反馈到地面天线和电路。这种发电方式详细解释对37至38页。 What has been explained here is the Holy Grail of energy. The implications of this discovery are far and wide. Is humankind ready for such a revolutionary design? This receiver locks onto the very wheelwork of Nature. This device should last for many years with very little maintenance, no more than for a good radio. 是什么在这里得到的解释是能源圣杯。这一发现的影响是深远的。是人类准备进行这种革命性的设计?这种接收器锁定到自然非常wheelwork。此装置应持续很多年,很少的维护,没有一个良好的无线电以上。
Sources of Radiant Energy - Figure 2 辐射能源-图2
SOME FACTS TO THINK ABOUT 若干事实思考
1. Cosmic particles are hurled at the Earth from outer space. 1。宇宙粒子投掷在从外层空间对地球。 2. The Sun emits ionized protons and tritium atoms that are carried to the Earth by the solar winds 24 hours each and every day. 2。太阳发射的质子和离子氚原子是由太阳风与地球24小时,每一天。 3. The Earth's upper atmosphere absorbs the charge carried by the particles in the solar winds causing it to become ionized. 3。地球上层大气吸收的收费导致它在太阳风的粒子,成为进行电离。 4. The Earth's ionized atmospheric region is called the "ionosphere." It is sort of a half gas and half plasma. 4。地球的电离大气地区被称为“电离层。”它是半气半等离子体排序。 5. Water vapor (clouds) become charged by induction as they travel parallel to the ionosphere. 5。水蒸气(云)收取归纳成为他们的旅行平行的电离层。 6. When clouds become sufficiently charged they will discharge according to Pupin’s theory of capacitive discharge. The energy is released in the form of light and electrical oscillations. 6。当云层变得足够指控说,他们将履行根据普平的电容放电理论。被释放的能量在光与电振荡的形式。 7. There is a cloud discharge about one hundred times each second that is randomly located somewhere on the planet, generating a tremendous amount of oscillating electrical energy. The total energy per discharge is approximately "two million-million watts." Now multiply this by one hundred and you have an unbelievable amount of unleashed energy. 7。有一个云排放约100倍每一秒钟随机某处设在地球上,产生的振荡大量电能。每排放的总能量约“2000000万瓦。”现在,乘以100这一点,你有一个令人难以置信的能量释放的数额。 8. The facts presented are Nature’s process of generating oscillating electrical energy. 8。鉴于上述事实,就是大自然的振荡电能的发电过程。
Moray’s Radiant Energy Detector Tube
T.H. Moray invented a very unique vacuum tube. He called this discovery, the "Moray-valve." It functioned as a high-voltage, high frequency, minute capacitance detector tube. It included solidstate semiconductors mounted "under ideal conditions." 马里的辐射能检测管
T.H.马里发明了一种非常独特的真空管。他称这一发现,“马里阀。”它充当高电压,高频率,分电容检测管。它包括理想的条件下展开固态半导体“。”
This Radiant Energy valve contained Moray’s fission material. It replaced the original Swedish Stone. It’s anode acted as a collector made with a molybdenum disulfide rod. The metal case served as a parabolic reflector to concentrate and focus the secondary ions that were expelled from the fission material. 这辐射能阀中马里的裂变材料。它取代了原来的瑞典石。它的阳极担任了二硫化钼棒了一位收藏家。金属案的抛物面反射镜,以集中精力,集中这是从裂变物质被驱逐二次离子服务。 Radiant Energy in Moray's detector comes to us in waves of separate and distinct units called photons. There are definite relationships between the energies of these particles and the zinc sulfide (triboluminescent zinc) germanium mixture, contained in Moray’s fission material. The zinc sulfide in the mixture is highly sensitive to the photons generated from the fission material. The sulfide transforms the high frequency photons into lower frequency photons. These photons then impinge upon the germanium. The germanium being sensitive to these lower frequency photons emit secondary photo ions. The hemisphere that contains the active materials was filled with a lowpressure water vapor and was comparatively simple in construction. 在马里的探测器辐射能进来的独立和独特的波浪向我们单位称为光子。之间存在的这些粒子的能量和硫化锌(triboluminescent锌)锗的混合物,在马里的裂变材料所包含一定的关系。在这种混合物中硫化锌是非常敏感,从裂变材料所产生的光子。硫化物转化为光子的频率较低的高频光子。这些光子,然后冲到锗。锗是敏感这些低频率的光子发射离子二次照片。该半球中包含了与lowpressure充满水蒸气的活性物质,并在建设比较简单。 Thomas H. Moray successfully demonstrated an electrical device, weighing less than sixty pounds, that extracted enormous amounts of energy: 4,000 watts. This unconventional source of energy is abundant day or night throughout the year. To understand how this device generates energy, you must carefully read the material contained in this book. I have compiled this information to assist you in understanding radiant energy power generation without giving away the entire contents of my discoveries. 托马斯H马里成功地证明了电气设备,不到60磅,即提取巨额能源:4,000瓦。这种非传统能源来源是丰富的日间或夜间全年。要了解这个装置产生能量,你必须仔细阅读这本书的材料。我已经编撰了这本资料,以协助了解不赠送我发现的全部内容辐射发电你。 On the introduction page in the "The Sea of Energy in Which the Earth Floats," 4th edition, Moray explains that radiant energy is kinetic in nature. It is rendered sensible by conversion of its energy. He states that "this is the phenomenon of the transducer fueled by a fission reaction. In the final analysis, radiant energy is a means of using the energy released by the fissionable reactions taking place in the stellar crucibles of the universe." Moray in his 2nd edition, on page 61, describes the "universe" as being both stellar and atomic. The final clue to the inter-most secret of Moray’s energy device can be found on page 33 in this same edition; "It is an accepted fact that when various substances are bombarded with alpha particles they are found to give off electrons." How much clearer could he have made this? He further states; "just as sodium, potassium, cesium, rubidium, barium and strontium react to visible light or wavelengths within a certain range, might not certain other substances react to oscillations from the Cosmos or artificially produced radiation?" Moray’s fission material clearly fits this description. How could we not know from this description how Moray’s "detector" functioned? He also states; "the universe is analogous to a radio transmitting station. It is continually emitting energy, only of a greater range of wavelengths." Is it this type of statement that has confused people seeking answers? I say that this is a certainty. 论“中,以海上能源地球花车”第4版,马里解释说,辐射能介绍页面在本质上是动力学。它是通过其提供的能量转换明智的。他说,“这是一个裂变反应,带动了传感器的现象。说到底,辐射能是使用通过参与宇宙的恒星发生坩埚的裂变反应释放的能量的手段。”马里在其第2版第61页,描述了“宇宙”为有恒星和原子。最后的线索间最马里的秘密能源设备上可以找到第33页在同一个版本,“这是一个公认的事实,当各种物质与阿尔法他们发现电子释放出粒子轰击。”如何能更清晰,他有这样的?他进一步指出,“就像钠,钾,铯,铷,锶钡和反应在一定范围内的可见光的波长,可能没有其他某些物质反应振荡的宇宙或人工产生的辐射?”马里的裂变材料显然符合这种描述。我们怎能不从这一描述中知道如何马里的“探测器”发挥作用?他还指出,“宇宙类似于电台发射台。这是不断排放的能源,只有一个更广泛的波长。”难道这样的说法类型混淆了人们寻找答案?我说这是必然的。 What is revealed within this publication should clear a path to the understanding of Moray’s radiant energy device for the reader. It will be understood that ionic recombination can be directed to produce intense surges of electromagnetic energy. More clearly, ionic energy is converted into electromagnetic energy. The conversion from ionic to electromagnetic energy can then be transformed into useful electrical power by conventional radio circuitry. 什么是显示本出版物应明确的读者路径的马里的辐射能设备的了解。这将是理解,离子重组,可产生强烈的电磁能量激增。更明确地,离子能量被转化成电磁能量。从离子电磁能量可以被转化为有用电能转化常规无线电电路转换。 Electronics vs. Ionics
The Earth’s electric field that exists between the surface and the ionosphere is charged to about 360,000 volts. It is estimated that the stored energy ranges from about one million to a billion kilowatts. This field provides a low current at high voltage and will not power today’s appliances because they use high current, low voltage electromagnetic power. In 1748, Benjamin Franklin was the first to invent an electrostatic motor that could run on the earth’s energy field. Did this scientist of yesteryear point us in the right direction? 电子与离子学
地球电场之间的表面和电离层存在的费用约360,000伏特。据估计,从约100万到1亿千瓦存储的能量范围。这个字段提供低电流高电压,也不会功率今天的电器设备,因为它们使用大电流,低电压电磁力。在1748年,本杰明富兰克林是第一个发明了静电马达,可以运行在地球的能源领域。当时在朝着正确的方向这一点我们昔日的科学家?
At the Paris Electrical Exhibition of 1881, Professor Amos Dolbear successfully demonstrated his electrostatic transducer for the telephone. He obtained US Patents No. 239,742 and No. 240,578 for this invention. 在巴黎电子展览会1881年,阿莫斯多比尔教授成功地展现了他的电话静电传感器。他获得美国专利第239742号和第这项发明240578。 Thomas Edison’s 1880 discovery of thermionic emission, the current of electron flow in a vacuum tube, created the first electronic device. Sir William H. Preece called this the "Edison Effect." Edison had discovered the fundamentals of the electron tube and was granted US Patent No.307, 031. Its’ basic principle was to be used in radio communication for many years to follow. 托马斯爱迪生1880年的热电子发射的发现,在真空电子管内流动电流,建立了第一个电子装置。威廉爵士普里斯称之为“爱迪生效应”。爱迪生发现了电子管的基础知识,并获得美国专利307,031。它的基本原则是将沿用多年的无线电通讯遵循。 In 1887 Dolbear was forced to go to court against Alexander Graham Bell to establish that he was the inventor of the telephone. Dolbear lost this infringement case. The judge consequently ruled that Bell was the inventor of the telephone. This decision was the pivotal point of our electrical development. Because of this one decision by a court, inventors moved in the direction of electromagnetic driven components. 在1887多比尔被迫去对亚历山大格雷厄姆贝尔法庭证明他是电话的发明者。多比尔失去了这种侵权案件。因此,法官裁定,贝尔是电话的发明者。这一决定是我国电力发展的关键点。由于这一个由法院决定,发明者提出的电磁驱动元件的方向。
Conventional radio tubes to this day are based on electron emission. Electron flow through a vacuum tube is where we get the word "electronic." If science had gone the way of ionic emission instead of electron emission in radio tubes I believe that our technology would be drastically different today. 传统电子管这一天是基于电子发射。通过电子真空管流程就是我们得到的单词“电子”。如果科学已经经历了电子管,而不是电子发射离子发射的方式,我相信我们的技术将会大大不同了。
I have designed radio tubes that carry an ion current instead of electrons. Vacuum tubes that carry electrons are called "electron valves." My tubes carry ions and therefore are called "ion valves." This changes everything about inductance and capacitance in any circuitry. Capacitance then becomes the real key element in electron transfer through associated wires and circuitry. It may be of interest to you that "ohm’s law" only applies to conventional electron tubes. In a conventional electron tube the mean velocity of an electron is about 1 cm per second. In my ion tube charge transfer is much faster. When using an ion tube as a rectifier or oscillator this changes the whole mathematical equation on the electrodynamics of the associated electrical circuits. 我设计了电子管的携带离子流,而不是电子。真空管是进行电子被称为“电子阀门。”我的管子的离子,因此被称为“离子阀。”这是关于电感和电容的任何电路改变了一切。电容就成为名副其实的电子转移的关键因素,通过相关的电线和电路。这可能是您感兴趣的说:“欧姆定律”,只适用于传统的电子管。在传统的电子管一个电子的平均流速为每秒约1厘米。在我的离子管的电荷转移快得多。当使用一个整流器或振荡器这改变了整个对相关电路的电动力学的数学方程式离子管。 I believe that T. H. Moray's tube oscillators were actually ion valves. This is what allowed them to run cold. This is the Holy Grail of energy that can be used to tap into the sea of energy that is all around us. We are bathed in this sea of ions at all times. This is not just a wild dream. The circuits given in this publication are proof positive that a new technology is just on the horizon. 我相信,次马里的管振荡器实际上离子阀。这就是让他们运行寒冷。这是圣杯的能源,可用于进军海洋,能源我们身边。我们沐浴在这些离子海在任何时候。这不仅是一个奢望。本出版物中给出的电路是积极的,证明新技术只是在地平线上的。 With the release of this publication, there can now be no doubt that we are at the dawn of a revived energy revolution. I have given a great gift to science. All I ask for in return is that you shout from your rooftops the information gleaned and to please give me the credit for what I have earned. 随着本书的发布,但现在可以毫无疑问,我们处于一个恢复能源革命即将来临之际。我已作出了伟大的礼物科学。所有我的回报是,你从你的留言天台收集的资料,并请我为我所获得的信贷要求。
SECTION 4
Early Demonstrations What follows are accounts given by observers of the T. H. Moray radiant energy device that utilizes the vast stores of energy in the Universe without mechanical force, but through ionic oscillations. The statements have been edited for clarity without changing the meaning being conveyed. 第4节
早期演示 下面由次马里辐射能设备,能源利用浩瀚的观察员给出的账户的宇宙没有机械力,而是通过 离子振荡。该声明已明确编辑不改变传达的意思。
A brief description of the device
A brief description of what the device has done will be given. Also, successful demonstrations will be described like those that have been made in the presence of hundreds of reliable witnesses, many of whom are highly trained and hold degrees in physics and electrical engineering. There will be a brief description of why the device works based on the oscillations of condensers. I do not believe in perpetual motion. I have no quarrel with those that may; the operation of the Moray device is not perpetual motion. It utilizes energy that exists and transforms it into useful forms. An electrical generator is not really a generator, as it creates nothing. The generator does not make electricity. It is merely pumped. From that standpoint, an electric generator might be referred to as an electron pump. The Moray energy device might be called an electric siphon, or high speed-oscillating turbine. 该器件的简要说明
一个什么设备做了简要说明会获得。此外,成功的示范,被形容像那些已经在可靠的证人,其中有一支训练有素,拥有物理学和电子工程学位好几百存在的。定为什么设备工程电容振荡的简短描述。我不相信永动机。我不反对有些可能,该装置操作鳗 不 永动机。它利用能源的存在并将其转换为有用的形式。一个发电机不是一个真正的发电机,因为它创造了什么。在发电机不发电。它只是抽。从这一角度看,一个发电机,可能被称为一个电子泵。在马里能源设备可能被称为 电动虹吸,或高速振式涡轮机。
T. H. Moray's device was enclosed in a box 10 x 10.5 x 26 inches, one wire leading from the device to a special balanced antenna. Another wire was connected to a balanced ground connection. T. H.马里的装置被封闭在一个盒子里10 × 10.5 × 26英寸,1线从设备,导致一个特殊的平衡天线。另一线是连接到一个平衡的接地。 In my version, a special tube ion is used. The switch of the device is simply turned on. The device is adjusted so that a synchronized resonance is established. Once it is operating, the device "siphons" energy. A specially constructed high frequency transformer is used to control the output so that any desired voltage may be obtained. 在我的版本,一个特殊的离子管使用。该器件的开关只是打开。该设备是调整,以便同步共振成立。一旦运行,该设备“虹吸管”能源。阿特制的高频变压器是用来控制输出,使任何所需的电压可能获得。 On page 17 of the "Nature of the World and of Men" (compiled by the technical staff, Chicago Institute of Technology), we learn that our planet is receiving energy from the Sun continuously at the rate of 160,000 horsepower per inhabitant. 在17页“世界和男人的自然”(编制的技术人员,芝加哥技术学院),我们知道,我们的地球正受到来自太阳的不断在每个居民16万马力的能量。
In the "Physical Review," Dr. Gunn of the U. S. Navy Research Laboratories states that the Earth itself is a huge dynamo, producing 200,000,000 amperes of electrical current. For more detail, read pages 334 to page 344, "Physical Review," July 15, 1939. 在“物理评论”,博士冈恩,美国海军研究实验室指出,地球本身是一个巨大的动力,生产200,000,000安培的电流。如需详细资讯,请参阅页334页344,“物理评论”,1939年7月15日。 The Aurora Borealis is definitely considered to be an electrical phenomenon produced by the passage of electric charges through the rarefied gases of the higher atmosphere. 北极光肯定是被认为是电力现象的电荷通过生产,通过提高大气稀薄气体。 The conversion of matter to energy in the stars is now generally accepted as fact. During radioactive disintegration energy waves are radiated. Thus, we may conclude that energy waves of very high frequency are sent out from the stars, one of which is our Sun. 物质的转化,在星能源是目前普遍接受的事实。在放射性解体能量波的辐射。因此,我们可以得出这样的结论甚高频能量波派出的恒星,其中就有一个是我们的太阳。 Similar to the reception of radio waves, the Moray circuit is resonance tuned by the right arrangement of inductance, capacities and oscillators. These components respond to the particular wave frequency "oscillations" of energy from the Cosmos. Moray used a special valve to prevent return of the power to the outer circuit and forced it to go through the power application circuit. 类似无线电波接收的马里谐振电路的电感,振荡器的权利能力和安排调整。这些组件响应特定电磁波频率的宇宙能量“振荡”。马里采用了特殊的阀门,以防止权力回到外电路,迫使它经过电源应用电路。 All that is necessary to put the device in operation is to start electric oscillations in the circuit due to a difference of potential between ground and atmosphere. 所有这些都是必要的投入使用,该设备是启动电路中由于差异电振荡潜力地面和大气之间。 The frequency of the current is extremely high, as is shown by the brush discharge when either the antenna lead or the ground wire is disconnected from the machine. Certain difficulties of insulation inherent in high frequency currents are avoided by the ingenious operations of the oscillator tubes that reduce the frequency on the output side. 当前是非常高的频率,是表明了天线时,无论是领导或地面线是从机器断开刷排放。绝缘高频电流所固有的某些困难,避免由振荡器管的巧妙运作,减少了对输出端的频率。 Standard electric light globes become exceedingly hot in one spot about the size of a dime when operated on this current. This is due to the fact that the gas in the globes becomes incandescent under the influence of the very high frequency current. Also, the luminosity of the incandescent gas is much higher and whiter than with ordinary current. A variation of the Tesla, high frequency, button type globe would be ideal for use with this device. 标准电灯灯罩变得极其炎热,一对时,就现时经营的硬币大小的地方。这是由于事实,即在地球仪气体成为下甚高频电流的影响白炽灯。另外,天然气的白炽灯亮度高得多,比目前的普通白。阿的特斯拉,高频率,按钮式地球将要与此设备使用的理想的变化。 Ordinarily, when a potential is applied to the terminals of a condenser, a full charge is acquired almost instantaneously. The filling up of Moray's oscillator tubes is similar to water being poured into a bucket. That is, the longer the voltage is applied the greater the charge that is taken, up to the maximum capacity for a given potential and frequency. 通常,当一个潜在应用到一冷凝器,充满电的终端几乎瞬间被收购。填补了马里的振荡器管了类似于水被注入到一个桶。也就是说,不再使用的电压是更大的费用是采取行动给定频率的最大潜力和能力。 R.E. experiments have been made at different places, many miles from all power lines. One experiment occurred more than 50 miles from any power lines and 26 miles from even a farmer's telephone. The locations for these experiments were selected by those making the test and not by the inventor. These locations were not prearranged but selected as they drove along in their own car, not the auto of the inventor. R.E.实验已在不同的地方,很多英里的所有供电线路。一项实验中发生的任何电源线和连一个农民的电话26英里超过50英里。这些实验的地点,使选定的测试者和发明人不是。这些地点,但并没有预先安排的选择,因为它们沿着自己的汽车,而不是汽车的发明者。 In an endurance test, the device was operated under seals for a total of 157 hours and 55 minutes. Then the seals were broken and the device was put under severe strain and tests for about another hour and then shut off. 在一个耐力测试,该装置是密封下运作为157小时55分钟,共。随后的封条被打破,该装置是严峻,大约一个小时的测试,然后将关闭。 Close examination of the device, showed that all parts were in perfect shape and could have been run indefinitely. During the entire test the light burned evenly and brightly without flickering. There was no change in the brilliance from day to day. 该装置关闭检查,结果显示所有部分都以良好的状态,并可能被无限期地运行。在整个测试的光线均匀燃烧和无闪烁光芒。有没有从第一天的辉煌改为一天。 The quantity of current passing through the secondary of the transformer, experts have asserted, is sufficient to burn up similar wire if ordinary current was used. Yet, there is no heating of the transformer, even though cooling air was not present, as it is completely enclosed. All parts of the machine run absolutely cool regardless of the length of time operated. 当前穿过变压器的次级,专家们断言数量,足以燃烧类似的线,如果使用普通的电流。然而,没有变压器的加热,冷却的空气虽然没有出席,因为这是完全封闭的。机器的所有部件运行绝对冷静,不论时间的长短经营。 It makes no difference whether one 50-watt lamp is used or whether fifty of them are connected to the machine; the current is adapted to the load. 没有区别是否1个50瓦的灯使用或是否有五〇顷连接到计算机,目前是适应负荷。 This current has another physical characteristic as seen in photographs of light bulbs operated by the radiant energy (R.E.) device. The photographic images of such bulbs are extremely bright. So, the emulsion density in the area of the bulb image is extremely low, virtually zero. If one takes a photograph of the original print the resulting film has the same characteristics. Prints made from this second film have these same characteristics as well. The light bulb images have such extreme low density that one has to reduce the exposure of other parts of the image in order to get a satisfactory picture. Yet the light from the R. E. device is whiter and less harsh, even to stressed eyes. Here is further evidence that this current is different from any coming from conventional sources in use today. 此电流有另一个在由辐射能操作(RE)的设备灯泡照片上的物理特性。这种灯泡是非常光明的摄影图片。因此,在图像区域灯泡乳液密度非常低,几乎为零。如果采取一种原始印刷所产生的影片具有相同的特征照片。从第二薄膜制成印刷品具有同样的特点以及。灯泡的图像有这样的极端低密度,人们必须减少图像的其他部分接触,以获得令人满意的照片。然而,从可再生能源设备光白少苛刻,甚至强调眼睛。下面是进一步证明,这是目前任何使用常规从今天来源的不同。 There is no sound coming from the machine when in operation, there being no moving parts, electrical oscillations or prime mover operations. 没有健全的从机器来在操作时,因为没有移动部件,电子振荡或业务的主要推动者。 The current cannot be derived from batteries, as it can be seen. Doctors of Physics have pronounced this current to be high frequency. Only an alternating current has these properties. Batteries provide only direct current. 目前不能来自电池,因为它可以看出。物理医生已经宣判,目前是很高的频率。只有一个交流电具有这些特性。电池只提供直接的电流。 It cannot be induction from adjacent power lines, as an induced current is always the same frequency as the inducing current. There is no power line on Earth carrying current of these frequencies. This current cannot be caused by radio signals. These are much too weak. To operate a loud speaker, it is necessary to amplify a radio signal many times, to say nothing of lighting a lamp or heating a flat iron. Also, the frequency of the incoming current is higher than radio signals. 它不能从邻近的电力线路感应的感应电流,始终是当前的诱导频率相同。我们没有携带这些频率目前地球上电源线。此电流不能造成的无线电信号。这些都过于薄弱。经营的扬声器,它是要健全无线电信号多次,说的照明灯或加热扁铁无关。另外,传入频率高于目前的无线电信号。 Moray gave a demonstration for a nationally known physicist, a professor in one of the greatest universities of this country. The physicist made these observations: 马里介绍了一个全国知名的物理学家,在这个国家最大的大学之一教授示范。物理学家提出的这些意见:
Moray states that when the oscillators are connected to the circuit the condensers fill slowly. The longer the current is applied the greater the charge they take, up to their maximum for the applied voltage. This is similar to filling a bucket by pouring the water into it. The condensers do not take the charge instantaneously, as is ordinarily the case. 马里说,当振荡器连接到电路的冷凝器填写缓慢。当前的时间越长施加更大的费用,他们采取了以他们施加电压最大值。这类似于水桶填补通过注入的水。冷凝器不立即采取负责,因为通常情况。 Moray has also stated that the size of wire in the transformer could not carry the amperage passing through it without burning up if ordinary current were used. Yet the wires remained absolutely cool no matter how long the machine operated. 马里还指出,在电线,变压器的大小不能携带安培通过它没有烧起来了,如果使用了普通的电流。然而,电线保持绝对冷静,无论多久,机器操作。 The above points show these currents to be entirely out of the ordinary. They cannot be accounted for by induction from existing power lines or current from batteries. 以上各点表明,这些电流是完全与众不同。它们不能被占,由现有的电力线或电池电流感应。
Another short account follows
Today Mr. Judd, Mr. Adams and attorney Nebeker visited the inventor's laboratory. After the "radiant energy" device was packed into the attorneys’ auto, we drove away. The three above-mentioned gentlemen began to discuss where they should go to make the test experiment. The inventor did not want to have any say in where the test was made. He wanted the test to be made at a place selected by them. At last, the three men decided to go up Emigration Canyon, as there are no power lines there. After driving about four miles up the canyon they selected a place. Then they changed their minds, selecting another place a few hundred feet further up the canyon. 另一项简短的交待
贾德先生今天,亚当斯先生和律师贝克参观了发明人的实验室。之后,“辐射能”装置,将律师的自动包装,我们赶走了。在上述三个们开始讨论,他们应使测试实验。发明人不希望有任何地方测试了发言权。他想测试将在他们选定的地点作出的。最后,三人决定去了移民峡谷,在没有电源线存在。经过约四个了峡谷,他们选择了驾驶英里的地方。然后,他们改变了主意,选择另一个地方几百英尺的峡谷进一步上升。
Mr. Judd stayed in the car because of an injured foot, while Mr. Nebeker and Mr. Adams put up the antenna and ground. The inventor then took the device out of the car and connected it to the "antenna and ground." The switch on the device was opened and closed many times as in all former experiments, but no light appeared. The device was then "tuned in" as Mr. Judd had witnessed in previous tests. Then the switch was closed and the lights came on. The "antenna wire" was momentarily disconnected. The lights went out but came back on when the "antenna" was again connected to the device. The same thing happened when the "ground wire" was disconnected and then reconnected. All this with Mr. Judd hopping around on one foot, he having gotten out of the car when the tuning process was started. All three gentlemen were very well satisfied and pleased with what they saw. It was dusk when they left the canyon. 贾德先生住在因受伤的脚车,而贝克先生和亚当斯先生提出了天线和地面。发明者取了设备下了车,并连接到“天线和地面。”设备上的开关是打开和关闭许多倍,在所有前试验,但没有光出现。该装置是那么“收看”作为贾德先生在先前的测试见证。然后开关被关闭的灯来的。在“天线线”是暂时断开。在熄灭的时候,但开始时的“天线”再次连接到该设备回来。同样的事情发生时,“地线”是断开,然后重新连接。所有贾德先生在此跳一只脚左右,他是1915的车,在调整过程已经开始。所有这三个先生们非常满意和他们所看到的感到高兴。这是黄昏时,他们离开峡谷。
The following is a letter describing a similar test performed at a different location
Dear Mr. Cooley,
This letter is being written for your information. It is a record of the electrical demonstration made October 29th, 1926, by inventor T. H. Moray for Attorney Judd, Mr. Knight and myself. 以下是信描述一个类似的测试在不同的地点进行
亲爱的库利先生,
这封信是被写入以供参考。这是一个取得1926年10月29日电示范纪录发明家日马里,司法部长贾德,奈特先生和我本人。 As prearranged, I met Moray and Judd at the Moray laboratory about 7:10 a.m. on October 29th, 1926. We carried the electrical equipment in my car and left Mr. Judd's car in the Moray parking lot. 由于事先安排好的,我会见了马里实验室大约7点10马里和贾德上午1926年10月29日。我们通过在我的车的电气设备和留在马里停车场贾德先生的车。 I remember that the odometer registered 19 miles at Charleston and 26 miles as we left the last electric power line near the mouth of Daniel's Canyon. It registered 52 miles when we stopped to do the demonstration. Thus, we were 26 miles from the nearest power line and also 26 miles from the nearest one wire rural telephone line. 我记得里程表登记的查尔斯顿19英里和26英里,我们离开的最后附近丹尼尔的峡谷口电力线。它注册五二英里停下来时,我们做示范。因此,我们在26英里距离最近的电源线,也是26英里距离最近的一条电线农村电话线。 Moray requested that we select a place near a stream of water so that the ground pipe could be sunk in its bed to be more effective. The ground in the mountains, at this time of year, was frozen. We stopped at a place about 10 miles southeast of the Daniel's Strawberry summit and about 200 yards west of the main road to Duchesne. This location was almost due east from what Mr. Knight called Haystack Mountain. It was perhaps ¾ of a mile east of Strawberry Lake on a little stream that made a zigzag course through a gently sloping grassy flat. 马里要求我们选择一个附近的水流的地方,使当地的管道可在其床上陷入更为有效。在山区地面每年的这个时候,被冻结。我们停在一个地方东南约10英里的丹尼尔的草莓首脑会议,大约200码的主要道路德雷珀西部。此位置几乎从正东奈特先生所说的所谓的草堆山。 ¾这也许是一个关于一个小流通过一个平缓的草地,平坦出现了曲折英里以东的草莓湖。 The antenna wire was put up without any aid or instructions whatever from Moray, as it had been "balanced." Moray did suggest that the wire be stretched tighter to prevent so much sag at its' center. This was done and the wire then appeared to clear the ground by 7 or 8 feet at its lowest point. 该天线是把电线没有任何援助或任何指示,马里,因为它已被“平衡了。”马里曾建议电线被拉伸紧缩,以防止在这么多'中心凹陷。这是做了电线,然后似乎清除7或8英尺的最低点在地上。
Operation of the R.E. device;
The balanced ground rod was pointed at the end to make it easier to drive into the ground. 运作R.E.装置;
接地棒的平衡是在最后指出,为了方便开车到地下。
The antenna wire was insulated from the poles with two quartz glass insulators about six inches long. A piece of wire about two feet long connected each insulator to the poles. The lead-in wire was fastened to the antenna at a point about 10 or 15 feet from the east pole. I helped Moray solder the connection where the lead-in wire was fastened onto the antenna wire. I also helped him solder the ground wire to the rod. I stepped the distance between the two antenna poles and estimated it to be 87 feet as I took 29 steps intended to be three feet each. 该天线绝缘电线是从大约两个石英玻璃绝缘子的6英寸长的电线杆。阿电线一块约两英尺长的连接每个绝缘体到两极。率先在电线被固定在一个大约10或15英尺从东极指向天线。我帮助马里其中焊料中的铅线到天线是固定的连接线。我也帮他焊的接地线棒下。我走进了两个天线之间的距离,估计两极它是八七英尺了,因为我想有三个脚,29步骤。
Moray took his electrical equipment out of the automobile and placed it on the running board of the car. Two dry boards were laid on the ground and a rubber mat from my office was placed on the boards for Moray to stand on. This was as a precaution against electric shocks. The running board was hardly large enough for the equipment so we took the seat cushion out of the front seat and placed it on the mat. Moray transferred the equipment to the seat cushion and connected it up there. 马里拿出他的汽车电气设备,放在汽车的运行登机。两个人干板放在地上,从我办公室橡胶垫是为马里的板放在站在。这是作为对电击预防措施。正在运行的大型板几乎没有足够的设备,因此我们采取了座垫的前排座位出来放在垫子它。马里转移设备的坐垫和连接它有。
Very light snowflakes fell occasionally and a tarpaulin was hung over the top of the auto doors to protect the equipment from getting wet. When all of the wire connections were made and the device synchronized in resonance by Moray. It was just 1:05 PM by my watch. Before "tuning in" he closed the switch but no light appeared. After "tuning in" for slightly more than 10 minutes the switch was closed and the light appeared immediately. It was slightly after 1:15 PM by my watch. Moray closed the switch two or three times before and during the tuning operation but no light appeared until perfect "balance" was established. 很轻的雪花下降偶尔一防水油布的是对汽车门上悬保护弄湿的设备。当所有的电线连接了和由马里同步共振的设备。这只是下午1点05分我的手表。在“调整中”,他关闭了开关,但没有光出现。经过“中的”调整,略微超过10分钟的开关被关闭,光线立即出现。这是1时15分后小幅日我的手表。马里关闭两三次之前和期间的调整运作,但没有出现轻至完美的“平衡”成立的开关。
While the lights were burning the antenna lead-in wire was disconnected from the apparatus. The lights went out. When reconnected again, the lights reappeared. Moray disconnected the "ground wire" and the lights went out. He then reconnected it and the lights appeared again. 虽然灯光烧天线中的铅线是从设备断开。灯光熄灭了。当再次重新连接,灯光重新出现。马里断开“地线”和熄灭的时候。然后他重新连接,并再次出现的灯。 E. C. Johnson of Salt Lake City, Utah signed the above letter. 欧共体盐湖城约翰逊,犹他州签署了上述信函。 Mr. Nelton Welling wrote this letter, describing yet another test
Your interest in the Moray invention to take electrical energy from the "air" and make it usable for light, heat and power purposes is the reason for this letter. It describes a demonstration that I saw of his device on Saturday, February 21. Nelton威林先生写这封信,说明又一次考验
你在马里发明兴趣从“空中电能”,并使其可用的光,热和电力的目的是这封信的原因。它描述了一个示范,我看到了他的装置上周六,2月21日。
A dozen people were present, including Paul Harsh, Mark Yuri and Mr. Ferguson.
I first witnessed a demonstration of this device three months ago. Since then, the cabinet containing the machine has been simplified and improved. It was quite apparent that there was no possible faking of the power produced. 十几人出席,其中包括保罗苛刻,马克先生和尤里弗格森。
我第一次目睹了这一设备的示范3个月前。自那时以来,内阁含有机进行了简化和改进。这是相当明显的是没有可能产生的权力造假。 The tuning device was improved. The time required to bring in the energy was shortened from five minutes to less than a minute.
The operation was as simple as tuning in a well-equipped radio set. A lady who witnessed the demonstration for the first time also performed this tuning. She operated the device as easily as Dr.Moray himself did. This was after she had seen him "tune in" the energy. 该调整装置进行了改进。必须使能源所需的时间缩短至5分钟不到一分钟。
这次行动是那样简单,在装备精良的收音机调谐。阿谁目睹首次展示这种调整也进行了夫人。她操作一样容易Dr.Moray自己没有的设备。在此之前,她曾看见他“收看”的能量。
A pilot light on the cabinet first became illuminated. The switch was then closed, connecting a light rack with the current. Instantly thirty 50-watt lamps and five 100-watt lamps were brilliantly lit. 关于首次成为照亮了内阁指示灯。当时该开关关闭,连接与当前光架。瞬间30 50瓦的灯和5 100瓦的灯都灯火辉煌。 A regular, Hot Point flat iron was then connected without dimming the lights in the least. The inventor stated that the result would have been the same had one hundred lamps been used in place of the 35 on the light rack. 经常化,热点,扁铁当时没有连接调光丝毫的灯光。发明者说,结果将是同样曾在35个地点使用了光架100灯。
The lights and iron together were consuming more than four-horse power of electric energy. 灯光和铁一起消费了400多匹马的电力能源。 On account of the brilliancy of the lights it was apparent that much more than ordinary voltage was going into them. The excessive heat, which developed in one spot, made me feel that they would soon burn out, but they did not. 论的灯光辉煌的帐户,显然并不比一般的电压是为他们继续进行。在过多的热量,发达国家在一个地方,使我感到,他们将很快被燃烧殆尽,但他们没有。 I confidently believe Dr. Moray is on the threshold of perfecting one of the most amazing fundamental inventions of history. 我有信心相信医生马里关于完善了历史上最惊人的发明之一的基本门槛。
Very sincerely yours,
Nilton H. Welling
你非常诚挚的,
尼尔顿每小时威林
The next document is a lengthy report written by T. J. Yates to the Secretary of Utah about Morays work 下一个文件是一个漫长的书面报告勺耶茨约Morays工作司的犹他州
Dear Secretary of the State of Utah,
Many men of science have come from foreign countries and from the East and the West and have been shown demonstrations. Not one of them has been able to find any fault with what they have seen or heard. Names of these men will be furnished upon request. These men have had the device opened for their inspection. They have pronounced the experiments to be wonderful, that the current is high frequency, the color of the light different, that the device carries many times as much current without even getting slightly warm. Any other electrical device of like construction, known to man, would burst into flame if it were carrying that much current. They state that the "tubes used are far more powerful than anything known to science today." The drawings, circuits and theory have been pronounced by leading men of science as scientifically, electrically, mechanically sound and correct. 亲爱的秘书美国犹他州,
科学的许多男人都来自外国,东方和西方,并已显示示威。却不在其中已能找到任何与他们所看到或听到的过错。这些人的名单,将根据要求提供。这些人有开放的设备的检查。他们已经宣布实验太好了,目前的高频率,不同颜色的光,该装置进行多次的电流,甚至没有得到稍微温暖。任何其他电气设备,如人类已知的建设,将爆炸起火,如果随身携带这么多的电流。他们表示,“管用远远超过目前已知的任何有力的科学。”图纸,电路和理论已经明显领先的科学作为科学的男子,电气,机械声音和正确的。
It is generally accepted now by science. Moray's device proves there is energy coming from somewhere, that such a field of energy surrounds the Earth. 这是现在普遍接受的科学。马里的设备证明有从什么地方来的能源,这种能源领域围绕着地球。
As Moray explains it, the oscillator tubes pick up electrical oscillations through the circuit of the device itself. As stated, the Moray device picks up these surgings or oscillations of energy coming and returning to the Universe. It is tuned to oscillate in harmony (sympathetically) with the oscillations of the Universe just as musical instruments can be made to vibrate together. Every oscillation, whether large or small, is completed during the same interval of time, the heartbeats of life. The oscillations of the Universe are governed by the same eyelet of time and are completed during the same interval of time. As Moray stated years ago, these waves of energy have a regular beat note of time, coming and going like the waves of the sea. They are in a very definite mathematical order of time, coming to the Earth from every direction. They are stronger in the day time than at night, but always coming with a regular beat note that might be referred to as the Father of Time; the Sire of Gravitation. 由于马里的解释,振荡器管拿起通过设备本身的电路电气振荡。如前所述,马里设备拿起这些surgings或能量来,回归宇宙振荡。它调整到和谐振荡(体谅)同宇宙一样乐器,可振动一起振荡。每个振荡,无论大国还是小,是完成了相同的时间间隔,生活的心跳。宇宙的振荡,受相同的时间内小孔,并在相同的时间间隔内完成。正如马里说,几年前,这些波的能量有时间经常击败注意到,飞来,像大海的波浪去。他们是在一个非常明确的数学秩序的时间,来自各个方向的地球。他们强于晚上比白天,但总是以一个完全正常巡逻指出,可能会被视为父亲的时间来,陛下的万有引力。 This energy has a definite elastic rigidity and density, which is subject to displacement and strains. When the strain is removed, this medium will spring back to its old position and beyond, surging back and forth as the waves of the sea. It will continue to oscillate until the original pressure is used up. If the internal impedance is too great, there will be no oscillations. It will merely slide back in a dead beat to its unrestrained state. By cutting down the resistance to the minimum and by synchronous resonance (sympathy) of the device with that of the Universe, recovery will be quicker and quicker. Finally inertia will assert itself and lengthen the time of final recovery by carrying the recoil beyond the natural oscillation. Thus, the vibrations are prolonged by oscillation. When the recovery is distinctly oscillatory, resonance sets in. The oscillations will go on forever because they come from the Universe. These electric oscillations are not simple ones, but surges with a definite beat note. 这种能源是有一定的弹性刚度和密度,这是受位移和压力。当应变删除,这种媒介将春季恢复到旧的立场和超越,不断扩张的海面上风浪来回。它将继续振荡,直至原始压力用完。如果内部阻抗太大,就不会有振荡。它只会在一个死下滑击退其自在。通过削减到最低程度的抵抗和同步共振(同情的设备)与宇宙认为,恢复将更为快捷,迅速。最后,将坚持自己的惯性和延长由携带超出自然振荡后坐最后的恢复时间。因此,振动,延长了振荡。当复苏明显振荡,共振开始出现振荡将会继续下去,因为他们从宇宙来。这些电动振荡并不简单的,但有一定的浪涌击败说明。
One will ask, how can you get steady energy from such surging? Since there is a great amount of energy at such a terrific potential could not a steady flow of water be obtained from the surging of the sea?
The operation of the condensers need not be repeated here as they have been fully explained in the enclosed account. 有人会问,你怎么能够从中获得稳定的能源上涨?既然有这样一个了不起的潜力巨大的能量的款项无法水源源不断地获得从汹涌的海洋?
的必要性,这里不再重复,因为他们已完全封闭的帐户解释冷凝器操作。 It is not claimed that all of Moray's theory is proven. But it is claimed that the device works. The results are certain. In the absence of better explanations, Moray's theories are as good as any.
Moray explained his theory to a well-known and noted American scientist, who said, "You go in your theory back to the law of gravitation." 这不是声称,马里的理论都证明。但是,声称该设备正常工作。结果是肯定的。在更好的解释,马里的理论是一样没有什么好。
马里他的理论来解释一个众所周知的,并指出美国的科学家,谁说:“你在你的理论回到了万有引力定律去。”
In this day and age, anything is possible. What was done with radiant energy has been called "radical." Nevertheless, of the great number of learned men who have seen and heard of Moray's work, not one has been able to disprove his claims, theories or discoveries. Some of these men are amongst America's foremost in science. They have spent from five hours to many days on the theory and claims and made test experiments. Hence, these further explanations of the Moray theory, on which he has spent his time from boyhood. 在这个时代,任何事都是可能的。是什么做的辐射能量被称为“激进派”。尽管如此,谁的学问的人看到和马里的工作听说,没有一个人能否定他的说法,理论或发现大量。这些人当中有些是美国在科学最重要的。他们花了五个小时,从许多天的理论和实验,提出要求和测试。因此,在马里理论上讲,这些进一步说明,因此他花了他的时间,从少年时代。
Fully realizing that whatever the difficulties in discovering new truths, there are still greater obstacles in getting them recognized. As Mark Twain once said, "It takes many years to get a new idea fixed in the human mind." One should not be long surprised at the attacks of some or at the exasperation of a certain number of worthy people. Not surprising is the silence of a greater number of the scholars who have heard of these experiments. It is hard for the average human mind to rid itself of inherited ideas, which so completely and unconsciously control our line of thought. Franklin, Faraday, Cavendish and others were unable to always express themselves so that their peers understood their inner meaning. They gave to the World their ideas in a form unintelligible to others of their day. Yet their ideas have since become known facts. 充分认识,在发现新的真理无论遇到什么困难,还存在更大的障碍让他们承认。正如马克吐温曾经说过,“这需要许多年才能获得新的思想在人们头脑里解决。”人们不应该感到惊讶长一些,或者在一个值得某些人愤怒的袭击。并不令人惊讶,是一个谁也听到了这些实验的学者更多的沉默。这是很难的平均人类的大脑摆脱继承的思想,本身是如此彻底和不自觉地控制我们的思路。富兰克林,法拉第,卡文迪什和其他人不能总是表现自己,使他们理解他们的同龄人的内在涵义。他们给世界不懂的形式对他们的一天别人的想法。然而,他们的观点后来成为众所周知的事实。
The theory described here is not new in the main, nor is it contrary to ideas that science has accepted today. It is however original with Moray in application. When Moray first advanced them years ago they were "killed" by those who heard of them before they got very far. Be that as it may, Moray has studied "radiant energy" and found a means of using it. Heat, light, power and energy are not things in themselves. They are sensations, or effects produced by this "cosmic power," directly or indirectly. 这里描述的理论没有在主要的新,也不是违背这一科学接受的各种想法。不过,这是原来与马里在应用。当马里第一个先进的几年前,他们是“被人杀害,其中谁听说过他们得到了很远”。无论如何,它可能,马里研究了“辐射能量”,并发现了它使用的手段。取暖,照明,动力和精力不是事物本身。他们的感觉,或交出的这个“宇宙力量,”直接或间接的影响。 "ASTRONOMY," by Robert H. Baker, P.H. D. Professor of Astronomy, University of Illinois
Page 303: “天文学”,由罗伯特贝克,P.H. D.对天文学,伊利诺斯大学教授
页303:
Another problem relates to the apparent lavish expenditure of this radiation. Of all the energy that pours forth from the Sun, the planets and their satellites intercept less than one part in 200 million. The remainder spreads through interstellar space with little chance, so far as we know, of being recovered. The suggestion that the Sun shines only in the direction of material that can intercept it, may appeal from the point of view of economy, but appears to have little else to recommend it. It would seem that Nature is squandering its resources of energy so prodigally that it must end in bankruptcy. But we doubtless have at present, an imperfect account of the situation. 另一个问题涉及到这一辐射明显的奢华开支。在所有的精力,倒提出了太阳,行星及其卫星的拦截,在不到2.0亿的一部分。其余的传播几乎没有机会通过与星际空间,据我们所知,被收回。有人建议,只有在太阳照射的物质的方向,它可以拦截它,可以提出上诉从经济角度考虑,但似乎没有什么别的推荐。看来,大自然是浪费能源的资源,丰饶,它必须为此破产。但是,我们毫无疑问,目前已在一个不完善的情况考虑。
"FOUNDATIONS OF THE UNIVERSE," by M. Luckiesh, D. SS. Director of Lighting Research Laboratory, General Electric Company printed in 1925
Page 5:
In the far-off stellar crucibles, we see the same laws being obeyed as in our laboratories. Tracing down, to the almost infinitesimal constituents of the extremely minute atom, we find that apparently it does not exist at all. It is not even as the realistic matter that we have supposed it to be. There at its very foundation, it seems to consist of electric charges that probably simulate the motions of celestial bodies. It is becoming more and more certain that the apparent complexity of Nature is due to our lack of knowledge. As the picture unfolds, it promises a marvelous simplicity. “地基宇宙”,由M.卢基什,D.不锈钢。照明研究实验室,通用电气公司董事,1925年印刷
第5页:
在遥远的恒星埚,我们看到同样的法律被视为在我们的实验室服从。跟踪下来,极端分钟几乎是无限小的原子组成,我们发现它显然是不存在的。它甚至不作为的实际问题,我们应该的那样。在目前的基础,它似乎是由电荷的可能模拟天体的运动。这是越来越多的肯定,自然颇为复杂,是由于我们缺乏知识。由于图片的展开,它承诺一个了不起的简单。
Pages 41-43:
The great success of the atomistic principle relating to the kinetic theory of matter, is one of the wonders of the modern scientific age. As expected, it has found other applications equally fascinating and promising. It is now being pressed further into the service of explaining the structure of matter. 41-43页:
原子的有关物质的分子运动论的原则巨大的成功,是现代科学时代的奇迹之一。正如所料,已经找到了同样迷人和充满希望的其他应用程序。现在它正进一步催促到解释物质结构的服务。 Maxwell's Theory
When Maxwell (1873) propounded the electromagnetic theory of light (radiation), his achievement was epochal. The exact manner in which the radiant energy traversed space was not known. The next epochal event was the founding by Planck (1900) of the quantum theory. Here we have the atomistic principle applied to energy instead of being confined to the material of the Universe as it had been. In other words, in the quantum theory, we have the atomistic idea applied to physical processes. We now have the atom of matter, the atom (electron) of electricity and the atom (quantum) of action (a product of energy and time). Planck assumed the emission of radiation (from the Sun, a lamp filament, etc.), to occur discontinuously. He conceived elements of energy of equal magnitude; analogous to the equality of electrons, or atoms of a given element. Radiant energy is emitted at various wavelengths or frequencies that must be taken into account in the laws of radiation. Now, the physicist uses quanta as commonly as he does electrons and atoms and molecules. Bodies are built of molecules, the molecules of atoms, and the atoms of electrons (and protons). Here we see the atomistic principle applied to "material" (matter) and then to electricity (what shall we call it)? Finally, a physical process, the radiation emitted by the electrons, is divided into quanta. With such pictures of the Universe being constructed, we may cease to be surprised at anything, but our interest and admiration will grow. 麦克斯韦理论
当麦克斯韦(1873年)所主张的光(辐射电磁理论),他的成就是划时代的。确切的方式走过了空间辐射能量不知道。下一个具有划时代意义的事件是由普朗克(1900量子理论)的成立。在这里,我们采用了原子论的原则,而不是局限于物质宇宙能源,因为它已。换句话说,在量子理论,我们有原子论的思想应用到物理过程。我们现在有物质的原子,原子(电力电子)和原子(量子行动)(1的精力和时间产品)。普朗克担任辐射(来自太阳,一盏灯灯丝等),出现间断。他设想了同等幅度的能源因素;类似于电子的平等,或给定元素的原子。辐射能量被发射不同的波长或频率,必须考虑到辐射的法律。现在,物理学家使用与一般像他那样电子和原子和分子的量子。机构建造的分子,原子分子,以及电子(质子和原子)。这里我们看到了原子论的原则适用于“物质”(物质),然后到电力(我们该怎么称呼它)?最后,物理过程,辐射的电子发射,分为量子。随着宇宙正在兴建,我们可能会停止此类图片可怪的事情,但我们的兴趣和钦佩将会增加。 One of the most marvelous relationships that has ever been revealed in the entire science of physics is that between light and electricity. Knowing now how to view the structure of atoms, this relationship is not quite so surprising. Half century ago, there was a total absence of knowledge, pertaining to the existence of electrons in atoms of matter. So, the sudden revelation, that light (and radiation in general) is an electrical phenomenon, was very startling and revolutionary. Even today those persons, who are unfamiliar with fundamental physics, find it difficult to believe that energy traveling from yonder star to the eyes, is electromagnetic in nature. But that has been amply proved. It is the atoms in those distant stellar crucibles that possess moving electrons that are emitting electromagnetic waves of many wavelengths or frequencies. Here on Earth, we have many 'receiving stations' that are tuned to certain ranges of wavelengths. 对已经过在整个物理科学发现的最奇妙的关系之一,是光与电。现在知道如何看待的原子结构,这种关系不是很令人惊奇。半世纪前,有一个完全没有知识,有关的物质的原子电子的存在。因此,突然启示,即灯(和一般辐射)是电力的现象,是非常惊人的,革命的。即使在今天这些人,谁符合基本物理学陌生,很难相信,从那边星能源前往眼睛,在本质上是电磁。但是,这已经充分证明。正是在那些遥远,拥有移动电子,会排放很多波长或频率的电磁波恒星坩埚的原子。在地球上,我们有很多'接收站'能够协调一定的波长范围。 "RADIANT ENERGY," by Edgar Lucien Larkin (1903) “辐射能”,由埃德加吕西安拉金(1903) Pages 17-18:
Radiant here means proceeding from a center in straight lines in every direction. Energy is internal and inherent.
Professor Barker, "Physics," page 4, says: "Energy is defined as a condition of matter in which any definite portion may effect changes in any other definite portion." This was written in 1892 and discoveries since confirm it. Energy then, is a state of matter. Or rather, is it the result of a particular state in which matter may be when any observed phase of energy appears? 17-18页:
辐射是指在从各个方向直线中心进行。能源是内部和内在。
巴克教授,“物理学”,第4页,说:“能源是一个问题,其中任何明确的部分,在任何可能影响其他部分的变化的形势下明确的定义。”这是写于1892年发现以来确认。能源然后,是一种物质状态。或者说,它的结果是某一国家在其中的事项,可以在任何阶段出现的能源观察?
These two notions, matter and energy, or possibly one, are the sum total of all that has been found during three centuries of incessant research? This search has been in that portion of the Universe visible in a forty-inch telescope, armed with the most powerful spectroscope ever made. 这两个概念,物质和能量,也可能是一个,是所有的总和已在3个世纪的不断研究发现?这种搜索一直是可见的宇宙中40英寸的望远镜部分,与有史以来最强大的分光镜的武装。 It is the belief of the writer that all this space is saturated with inconceivably minute corpuscles. J. J.Thomson recently discovered these. These are doubtless either electricity in its ultimate refinement, or very closely allied to it, or its immediate carriers. The smallest particle of hydrogen has long been thought to be the smallest mass of any known particle of matter. But the corpuscles detected by Thomson have only one-thousandth the mass of the hydrogen atom. The Earth and Sun, all suns and dark bodies in space, all granular matter, moves through the primordial cosmic mass of electrical corpuscles as would a wire screen through water. The wide spaces in diamond, glass, steel, flint, or anything else, allow these "bodies smaller than atoms," as Thomson calls them, to pass through. 它是这一切的不可思议的空间分钟小体饱和作家的信念。汤姆孙最近发现的这些。这些无疑都在它的最终完善,电力或非常密切结盟,或者其直接载体。最小的氢粒子一直被认为是已知的任何物质的最小的粒子质量。但此前发现的微粒只有千分之一的氢原子的质量。地球与太阳,太阳和所有的黑暗空间机构,所有的颗粒物质,通过原始宇宙微粒电大规模行动那样,是通过水丝屏幕。在钻石,玻璃,钢铁,打火石,或其他任何宽阔的空间,让这些“机构小于原子,因为汤姆逊”要求他们通过。 Larkin's Theory on the transmission of energy
From the definition of energy, it is the potential of the Universe. When matter is in a phase allowing it to be active, it affects other quantities of matter at a distance. The method of transfer is known to be by means of wave motion. Each impulse moves from the emitting to the receiving mass on a rigorously straight line. One continuous set of oscillations in this straight line is called a ray. Each negative or Thomsonian corpuscle makes a double vibration to and fro like a pendulum straight across the direction of the ray – i.e., at right angles to it. The corpuscle moves over and returns to the original position it had before the excursion. The corpuscles are negative and can be drawn out of their original straight path by the action of magnetism. So, the entire wave motion of the Universe is electromagnetic. This is what Maxwell prophesied forty years ago. Thomson fulfilled the prophecy. 拉金的理论对能量传输
从能源的定义,它是宇宙的潜力。当此事在允许其积极的阶段,它影响在距离其他物质的数量。转让方式被称为是通过波动的手段。每个脉冲从移动发射到接收质量上严格直线。一个连续的振荡载于本直线称为射线。每一个负面或Thomsonian微粒作出双重振动,像穿过的光的方向摆来回-成直角即它。对原有的立场,在旅行之前曾回报的小体动作。该小体是消极的,并可以得出其原直路,是本港的磁性行动。所以,整个宇宙的电磁波动。这就是麦克斯韦预言40年前。汤姆逊完成了预言。
After one corpuscle makes an oscillation across the direction of the ray and returns, the next does likewise and the next and so on. After the first corpuscle makes a swing, another distant from it 186,000 miles in the same straight line, will also make a vibration at the end of the first second of time. 经过一年微粒使越过了光,并返回方向振荡,未来也同样和下等。在第微粒作出摆动,另一名是一十八万六英里在同一直线距离,也将在第一秒的时间结束时的振动。 "ATOMS AND RAYS," by Sir Oliver Lodge, Fellow of the Royal Society of Science and holder of five or six Doctors degrees from colleges, with honors from a score more. He has held offices of President in a dozen or more Scientific Societies. Printed in 1924 “原子和射线,”洛奇爵士,在科学及持有英国皇家学会会员五六个医生,从大学学位,从一分的荣誉。他曾在一打或更多的科学社团主席的办事处。 1924年印刷
The term 'light' strictly speaking, means that kind of ethereal radiation which is able to affect the eye. But it is common knowledge that there are many other wavelengths of radiation besides those that effects the eye. It is not clearly known why the eye is sensitive to some kinds of ethereal radiation and not to others. That, no doubt, is a question for physicists and physiologists in collaboration. But the eyes of animals, insects and man, all appear to be sensitive to a limited range of ethereal radiation, which is therefore called light. Some kinds of radiation can affect a photographic plate. Other kinds can stimulate the chemical actions going on in the leaves of plants and thereby supply the energy needed for vegetable growth. Another kind, a rather deeper harmony as it were, supplies everything on Earth with warmth and by evaporating water contributes to most of the phenomena of weather. Other kinds, again, are omitted when individual electrons, traveling at a high speed in a vacuum, encounter the obstruction of a target. These kinds of invisible radiation are called x-rays. And, at the opposite end of the scale, great antennas emit another kind of radiation. These are the Hertzian waves employed in radio. 术语'光',严格来说,意味着一种空灵的辐射能够影响到眼睛。但众所周知,有很多其他波长的辐射效应,除了那些眼睛。这不是清楚知道为什么眼睛敏感,空灵的辐射,而不是给别人种。这无疑是一个物理学家和生理学家协作的问题。但是,动物或昆虫,人的眼睛,似乎都敏感的空灵辐射,因此,所谓的光范围有限。辐射可能会影响某些类型照相底片。其他种类的化学能刺激行动,将在植物叶片上,从而供应蔬菜生长所需的能量。另一种是一个相当深刻和谐的人,地球上的一切用品与温暖和蒸发的水有助于对天气现象最。其他类型的,又是个人电子时遗漏,在在真空中高速旅行时,遇到一个目标阻塞。无形辐射这些类型的名为X -射线。而且,在尺度的另一端,伟大的天线发出的辐射另一种。这些都是采用的赫兹无线电波。
If describing these kinds of radiation as different, we are not speaking quite accurately. They differ only as treble notes differ from bass notes. They differ in rapidity or rate, or vibration or wavelength. They do not differ in any other essential particular. The longest waves are telegraphic ones, which may be a mile long. Much, much shorter are the x-rays, whose wavelength is actually smaller than atoms, and only expressible in billionths of an inch. This whole range of waves, travel at precisely the same speed. This is the only speed at which the ether is able to transmit energy. They are all of the same electromagnetic character. They are all subject to the same optical laws of interference, of reflection and polarization, which have long been studied in departments of physics. 如果描述为这些不同类型的辐射,我们说的不是很准确。它们的区别仅是低音高音注意到注意到不同。他们不同的速度或比率,或振动或波长。他们没有在任何其他的不同,特别是必不可少。最长的波电报的,这可能是一英里长。很多,很多短的是X射线,其波长小于原子实际上,只有在一英寸的十亿分之一可表达。这一整套的波浪,旅行,正是相同的速度。这是唯一的速度而甲醚是能够传输能量。他们都是同一个电磁性质的。他们都是相同的光学干涉法的反思和两极分化,这早已在物理学部门研究的主题。
Moray would qualify the above by saying there are speeds greater than the speed of light 马里有资格说有速度超过光速的速度越大,上述
Whatever an electric charge is, or is not, it is certainly a focus of energy. Imagine an ether vortex, containing the known mass of the electron and circulating with the velocity of light. The energy of this vortex would be equal to that of the electric field in the space surrounding the electron. This coincidence, if it were a coincidence, can hardly fail to have some meaning. Some thinkers are beginning to view the whole material Universe as being built up of ether in various states of self contained or intrinsic motion. These adjectives are intended to discriminate between rotary motion, like that of a top or a whirlpool and ordinary locomotion, or whiffling from place to place. Locomotion has not been attributed to the ether, which is the most stationary thing we know. It is perhaps the only stationary thing that exists, but it may be full of what is sometimes called "stationary motion." This is a paradoxical term, appropriate to the condition of a sleeping top. 无论是一个电荷,或没有的话,无疑是一个能源的重点。想象一下,一个醚漩涡,载有电子已知质量和流通的光速。这个旋涡能量将等于电场,在周围的电子空间。这个巧合,如果它是一个巧合,也难以有一些失败的意义。有些思想家正开始把整个宇宙的物质正在建立在乙醚中还是内在的自我议案各种状态。这些形容词是为了区分旋转运动像一个顶部或漩涡和普通运动,或从一个地方whiffling的地方。运动还没有被归因于乙醚,这是最平稳的事情,我们知道。这也许是唯一存在固定的事情,但它可能是对什么是有时被称为“固定全运动。”这是一个矛盾的术语,适合于一个沉睡的最佳状态。 Those who hold this view of the Universe are strengthened in their position by Einstein's expression of energy in general. It is well known that all ordinary energy, such as the motion of railway trains, or croquet balls, etc, is merely relative to the Earth, or to some other piece or matter. There is nothing absolute about it. But Einstein gives an expression for what could be called absolute energy, in which the only relevant velocity is that of light. All the phenomena of Nature, at any rate in inorganic Nature may be due to, this great ethereal velocity. It must appear in a form that enables it to appear to our animal derived senses. For the spinning motion itself is impalpable and beyond the ken of our instruments. It can be detected only when it partially exhibits itself as transmitted waves in the form of radiation. 那些谁持这个宇宙的观点得到加强在爱因斯坦的能量表达的基本立场。众所周知的所有普通的能源,如火车,或槌球球等运动,仅仅是相对于地球,或某些其他土地或事项。没有什么是绝对的。但是,爱因斯坦给出了一个可称为绝对能量,其中唯一相关的速度表达式,光。所有的自然现象在任何无机自然增长率,可能是因为,这个伟大的空灵速度。它必须出现的形式,使显示给我们的动物性感觉。对于旋转运动本身是捉摸不定,超出了我们的仪器县。它可以检测到只有在部分展品波传播的辐射的形式本身。 All the light that we experience can be resolved into vibrations or tremors in the ether. That is how we first knew about the ether. But all electric and magnetic phenomena and therefore, all chemical activity are likewise known to be modes of manifestation of the ether of space. The complete manner and meaning of which have still to be worked out. 所有的光,我们的经验可以为振动或震动解决了乙醚。这是我们第一次对乙醚知道。但是,所有电场和磁场的现象,因此,所有的化学活性也公认是对空间醚的表现模式。完整的方式和意义,其中仍有待制定。 So the question arises, What is matter? Is that too a manifestation of some peculiar properties in the ether? We know now that matter is built up of protons and electrons. But analyzing these into their fundamentals, we find far more than a hint that they are but special modifications in the all-pervading ether. They are essentially resolvable into ethereal energy of a specific kind. Hence, we are beginning to think that matter itself is a form of energy. 因此,问题是,什么事?是太多的体现在一些特殊性质醚?我们现在知道,无论是建造的质子和电子了。但到他们的基本面分析这些,我们发现远远超过暗示的,他们只是在无所不在醚特别修改。他们基本上是可以解决的空灵的一成特定类型的能源。因此,我们开始考虑这个问题本身是一种形式的能量。
Energy is one thing in the physical universe that directly appeals to us. We apprehend it under a great variety of forms. And it is becoming provable that what we call matter is one of those forms. Most of the known forms of energy are convertible one into another. The energy of motion turns into heat, as does the energy of electric currents, unless it is converted into the energy of chemical separation or electric charge. Conversion from one form to another, without loss, is the sign-natural of energy. The proof that matter is a form of energy will not be clinched until it can be demonstrated that matter too is convertible into other forms of energy. 能源是一个在物理宇宙的事情,直接向我们提出的上诉。我们逮捕的形式下,伟大的品种。它正在成为可证明的是我们所说的问题是这些形式之一。能源已知的表格大部分都是可兑换成另一种。该运动的能量转换成热能,也不会改变电流能量,除非它是把化学分离或电荷能量转换。从一种形式转换到另一个没有损失,是符号的自然能源。该证明的问题,是能源会不会夺得直到它可以证明这个问题也是为其他形式的能源转换。 Such a process has not yet been performed in our laboratories, or has it? Though it is believed to be occurring in the giant stars. The interior of stars is at an altogether exceptional temperature and pressure. This constitutes a laboratory where results can be beyond the scope of our present manipulation. In the light from those stars we see some small residual outcomes of this production of energy at the expense of matter. In their motions, we probably see the same thing. That, which we ordinarily recognize as the locomotive energy of bodies, seems now to be overflow or surplus of the violent constitutional energy within. This energy, at present seems inaccessible to us, but is possessed in enormous amount by the very constitution of the atoms of matter. Fortunately, a few of those atoms have given us the hint. They have spontaneously emitted their energy. We call it radioactivity. It is only the heavy atoms of fission material and other substances at that end of the series, which still retain the property of spontaneous disintegration. The other more familiar atoms seem to have lost that power, and settled down into apparent stability and quiescence. These atoms show no obvious sign of possessing any such power. But to the eye of science, it is there. Means have been sought for getting at it. 这样的过程尚未完成在我们的实验室,或有?虽然被认为是发生在巨星。恒星的内部是一个十分特殊的温度和压力。这构成实验室,结果可超出我们目前的操作范围。在这些明星,我们看到了问题的这部分开销的能源生产轻型少量剩余的成果。在他们的提案,我们可能看到同样的事情。这,我们通常作为机车能源机构承认,现在似乎溢出或暴力的宪法范围内的能源过剩。这种能量,目前看来,我们无法进入,但在巨大的占有量由物质的原子非常宪法。幸运的是,对这些原子数给我们的提示。他们自发地释放自己的能量。我们称之为放射性。这仅仅是裂变物质和其他物质在该系列的,仍然保留自然衰变财产年底重原子。其他较熟悉的原子似乎失去了这种权力,并最终形成了明显的稳定和平静下来。这些原子没有显示有任何这类权力明显的迹象。但对于科学的眼睛,它的存在。手段已经在它寻求获得。 Combination of atoms into molecules and the interaction of molecules generally have long been known to give rise to various forms of energy. Witness ordinary combustion and the power of explosives. Simple atoms like those of hydrogen, can be packed together so as to form the more complex atoms of higher elements. This process will liberate vast stores of energy, much greater than could be obtained from ordinary kinds of chemical combination. It is highly unlikely that this will go on spontaneously or uncontrollably or dangerously, under such conditions, as we are familiar with on Earth. They may be violent enough under the conditions in the interior of stars, including perhaps our Sun. But here, on Earth, they are traceable, guided and controllable. They will not run rampant and do damage, except by reason of bad or malevolent arrangements and then only on a relative small scale. 结合到分子和原子分子相互作用的一般早就知道会引起各种形式的能源。证人普通燃烧和爆炸品的权力。 像这些简单的氢原子,可以挤在一起,形成更高更复杂的元素原子。这一过程将解放浩瀚的能量,远远超过可从普通的化学结合,获得各类。这是极不可能的,这将继续不受控制地或自发或在这种情况下危险,因为我们熟悉的地球上的。他们可能是不够的暴力下的明星,或许包括我们的太阳内部的条件。但在这里,在地球上,他们可以追查,指导和控制。他们不会猖獗,并造成损害,除非坏或恶意安排的原因,然后只能在相对规模较小。 How soon energy of this kind may become commercial, no one can say. The practical way is by using energy from the cosmos; i.e., not by so-called fission material. 多久这种能源可能成为商业,没有人能说。实际的方法是使用来自宇宙能量,也就是说,不是由所谓的裂变材料。
Another Testimonial
TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN, 另一个证言
向谁关注,
This is to certify that on the evening of March 16, 1929, along with Dr. Wilkinson, of Cedar City, I witnessed a demonstration at the laboratory of T. Henry Moray, Salt Lake City, Utah. 这是为了证明在29年3月16日晚上,随着博士威尔金森锡达城,我目睹了T的亨利马里,盐湖城,犹他州实验示范。 Dr. Moray claims to have invented an apparatus that will produce electrical energy without the use of a prime mover. This apparatus was demonstrated on this occasion. 博士马里声称已经发明了一种装置,将产生未经原动机使用电能。这种装置是在这个场合表现。 1. Description of the Apparatus
The apparatus uses an antenna specially balanced or an aerial capacitor and a special ground wire. These were connected to the terminals of a switch. Two wooden boxes were placed on a table. On one of these boxes was a high-frequency transformer. In the other box were two sets of condensers, ten large ones in one set and ten small ones in the other set. There were two composition cylinders, each about 1–1/8 inches in diameter and four inches long. Each of these cylinders weighed about three or four ounces. In addition, there was another box approximately hemispherical in shape, about two inches in diameter and weighing about two ounces. There were also coils of wires and other equipment. These pieces of apparatus were connected by a number of wires. 1。说明仪
该仪器采用了特制的平衡或空中电容器和一个特殊的接地线天线。这些是连接到一个开关的终端。两个木箱,放在桌子上。在这些箱子一个是高频变压器。在另外两个组中的冷凝器,10个大型和10个一组的小的,在另一组。有两个汽缸组成,每个约1-1/8英寸,直径4英寸长。这些圆筒的每个重约三,四盎司。 此外,还有一个框形半球约,直径约两英寸,重约两盎司。还有的电线和其他设备的线圈。这些器具件相连,一些电线。 Two of these wires were led out to the switch. One was attached to the blade of the switch and the other its' jaw. When the switch was closed, the antenna, lead-in, apparatus in the boxes and ground wire, were all in series. 这些电线导致了两人的开关。一个是连接到交换机的刀片和其他的'下巴。当开关关闭,天线,铅在,在箱子和接地线装置,在系列中的所有。
The other wires leading out of the box were connected to six 100-watt lamps connected in multiple during part of the demonstration. A flat iron was connected during part of the demonstration, as well. 全球领先的开箱即用其他的电线连接到6个100瓦的灯泡在多个连接期间示威游行。阿铁是有关单位在游行的一部分,以及。
2. Demonstration
During the demonstration the apparatus was connected in series as above described, except that a small switch connected in series with the coil was left open. 2。示范
期间,该仪器是在上述描述的只是一个小开关与线圈串联,串联游行是处于打开状态。 Dr. Moray energized and synchronized the device in three or four minutes. The lamps were lighted and remained bright as long as the switch was left closed, which was about 60 minutes. He then connected an electric flat iron. In a short time, the iron was hot. When the "ground wire" was disconnected and then the lead-in was disconnected, the lights went out. 博士马里充满活力和同步在三,四分钟,设备。该灯被点燃,并维持长期亮剩下的开关关闭,约60分钟。然后,他连一个电动扁铁。在短短的时间,铁是热的。当“地线”是断开,然后率先在被中断,灯光熄灭了。
3. Objections people have made
I. That there is a hidden wire from the electric lighting current obtains the power.
II. That the power is obtained from batteries. 3。反对意见,有人已提出
一,有一个从目前获得电力照明电源线隐藏。
二。这项权力是从电池。
4. Tests
Before and after the demonstration I closed the big switch that connects or shorts the antenna and ground. I also made other tests. If the antenna or lead-in were connected to the lighting circuit this would have produced a short circuit. I further tested the device by closing and opening the switch several times to see if any sparks appeared. But there were no sparks. I placed my wet finger between the blade and the jaws of the switch and could not feel any electricity. I touched my hand to both sides of the switch and the wall to check for ground but could not feel anything. We turned the table over and examined it carefully for hidden wires but found none. With the apparatus all connected as when operating the lights the contacts with the switch were moved but produced no arcing. This indicates that the circuit was dead. 4。测试
之前和之后游行我关闭的大开关,连接或短裤的天线和地面。我还作出了其他测试。如果天线或铅在被连接到照明电路这会产生短路。我还测试关闭和打开开关设备几次,看看是否有火花出现。但是,没有火花。我把之间的刀片和交换机的颌骨,无法感觉到我的任何电力湿手指。我摸着我的手都开关双方墙地面检查,但感觉不到任何东西。我们把该表结束,仔细检查隐藏的电线,但结果一无所获。与所有已连接的设备操作时的灯光开关与接触被转移,但没有产生电弧。这表明该电路已死亡。
While the demonstration was being conducted and the lamps were receiving energy through the apparatus, the main switch, that controls the lights in the building, was opened. All lights on the house circuit went out but the lights on the Radiant Energy circuit were not altered. They were neither brighter nor dimmer at that time. Thus the lights could not have received their power from that source. 虽然示范正在进行中,正在接受的灯,通过设备的能源,主要的开关,它控制在建筑的灯光,开幕。赛道上的房子全部熄灭的时候,但在辐射能量电路灯并没有改变。他们既不是光明的,也黯淡当时。因此,灯光也没有收到来自该源的权力。
The condensers were thoroughly tested. The terminals were shorted, the positive to the negative. If they had been batteries they would have showed a spark. But no sign of spark appeared. I connected them to the electric terminals then tested them. After being charged, the large condensers gave a vigorous discharge, showing a brilliant strong arc and a loud sound. They showed a sudden discharge as condensers are supposed to do and batteries never do. 冷凝器是彻底的测试。货柜码头已经短路,正面的负面。如果他们被电池他们会表现出火花。但是,没有迹象出现的火花。本人,连接到终端的电力,然后测试它们。在受到指控后,大型冷凝器作了有力的排放量,呈现出灿烂的强大的电弧和响声。他们发现一个冷凝器所应该做的和电池永远不突然排出。 The small condensers were less vigorous in discharging. They displayed the same snappy discharge of a condenser and not how a battery discharges. These tests proved positively that condensers and not batteries were in the cases. Besides no batteries of such size, could produce such power. The boxes were completely emptied thus leaving no possible place for batteries to be stored. Besides the boxes were not large enough in order to hide batteries. 小冷凝器不太积极履行。他们表现了同一个活泼的冷凝器排放,而不是如何电池放电。这些试验证明了积极的冷凝器,而不是电池的案件。除了这种规模没有电池,可以产生这种权力。这些盒子被完全掏空,留下的电池可能没有地方存放。除了箱子不够大,为了隐藏电池。 During the time that the lights were burning the connections with the big switch were moved along the switch and vigorous arcing occurred. Thus, proving that electrical energy was passing through this apparatus. 在时间的灯光燃烧大开关,沿着连接交换机和移动积极电弧发生。所以,证明是通过电能通过这个仪器。
5. Conclusions
The electric lamps received energy from some source. During the demonstration, which lasted for more than an hour, the lights were brilliant at all times, just as bright at the end as at the beginning of the demonstration. 5。结论
在电灯收到一些来源的能源。示威期间,这比一个多小时,灯光辉煌的时刻,就像在截至年底开始示威光明。 The lights were a different color and brighter and whiter than those on the house circuit. The electric energy that lighted the lamps and heated the flat iron was not received from the house circuit. 所有的灯都不同的颜色和亮度比对电路的白房子。电力能源点燃的灯和加热的扁铁没有从家里电路欢迎。 One is therefore forced to the conclusion that the electric energy was received from some other source.As difficult as it is to understand, with our present knowledge, the only conclusion that can be drawn from the demonstration is that the energy was received by and through the apparatus as claimed by Dr.Moray. 因此,一个不得不认为,电能是从其他source.As一些困难,因为它得到的结论是理解与我们目前的知识,唯一的结论,即可以从示范得出的能量是通过接收作为由Dr.Moray声称器具。 T. J. YATES, KE N.E. 诺涅耶茨,柯N.E. This next letter is from Murray O. Hayes Ph.D. 这一下一个字母是美利澳海斯博士
To all whom it may concern, 对所有可能涉及谁, It is now more than two years since I first became acquainted with Dr. T. H. Moray and the work he is carrying on. In that time he has demonstrated inventive ability of an exceptional order. 现在两年多以来我第一次成为第马里博士和他的工作正在对熟悉。在他展示了一个特殊的命令创新能力的时间。 Perhaps the most wonderful of his inventions is a device whereby he is able to draw electric power from the Cosmos. This energy is not derived by induction from power lines, as has been suggested by some, nor is it derived from radio stations. This has been demonstrated by taking the apparatus more than 50 miles from the nearest power line and over a hundred miles from the nearest radio station. At this location it operated just as well as anywhere else. This device was subjected to an endurance test in which it was operated continuously for a week. During this test a 100-watt lamp was lighted simultaneously along with the heating of a 575-watt standard Hot Point flat iron, making a total of 675-watts. It is very evident that no batteries could sustain such a current drain as this. Besides the current is high frequency. 也许最精彩的是他的发明的设备,使他能够从宇宙的电力。这种能量,并非衍生由电力线感应,正如一些人的建议,也不是从广播电台产生。这已被证明服用超过50英里的距离最近的电源线的设备和距离最近的电台超过100英里。在这个位置一样运作,以及其他任何地方。此设备遭到了耐力测试中,它是经营持续了一个星期。在此测试100瓦的灯亮,同时随着1 575加热瓦标准的热点,扁铁,合共675瓦。很显然,没有电池可以维持如本电流消耗。除了现有的高频率。 He has also invented a very sensitive sound detector whereby it is possible to hear conversations carried on in an ordinary tone of voice, at a distance of several blocks. 他还发明了一种几个街区的距离非常敏感的声音探测器,即有可能听到进行普通的语音语调的交谈。 He has also worked out numerous radio designs that eliminate many of the parts now considered necessary for good reception. Yet, there was no apparent diminution in quality or volume. In fact, there was a notable elimination of interference from static when some of these designs were used. 他还制定了一系列无线电设计,消除目前认为有必要为良好的接待许多条件。然而,没有在质量和数量明显减少。事实上,有一种明显的干扰,静电消除这些设计时,有些人使用。
He has devised a means for measuring with some degree of accuracy the energy evolved during mental activity. His device shows variable deflections of a sensitive galvanometer needle that appeared to be related to the rigor of mental activity. 他已制定了一套与一些精确度心理活动过程中的能源发展的检验手段。他的设备显示了一个灵敏电流针头可能与此有关的心理活动的严密性变量的偏差。 There are a great many other equally remarkable things that he has done. For example, reducing old rubber from truck tires to the state of a viscous fluid. This fluid is readily vulcanized without the addition of a smoke sheet as is necessary with other processes. He also created a high frequency therapeutic device and numerous other devices, which show great ingenuity. 还有很多其他同样出色,他做的事情。例如,减少废旧橡胶轮胎的卡车到了一种粘性液体状态。这很容易液体硫化没有无烟负债表与其他进程必要的补充。他还创建了一个高频治疗设备以及许多其他设备,这表现出极大的创造力。 Murray O. Hayes Ph.D. 美利澳海斯博士
This letter is addressed to Mr. Lovesy is from Murray O. Hayes, Ph.D. 这封信是写给先生Lovesy是美利澳海斯博士
Dear Mr. Lovesy,
As promised during our recent discussion, I am writing about my acquaintance with the construction and operating principles of the Moray device for utilizing cosmic energy. 亲爱的先生Lovesy,
正如在我们最近讨论的承诺,我写我与建造和利用宇宙能量的马里设备的工作原理相识。 You are already aware that I have seen many demonstrations of what this mechanism will do. Also, I have seen the parts of which it is built. Recently Dr. Moray has shown to me the wiring diagram of the device. I can find no inconsistencies in it, not anything that does not appear to be logical and sound. While this device appears to be very complicated, when looking at the machine, it is in reality very simple in essence. It is based on reorganized laws of electricity, when all is explained. There are many features which appear to be incidental, but they are in reality of basic importance. 您已经知道,我已经看到了这是什么机制做很多示威。另外,我看到其中是建部分。马里博士最近向我表明该设备的线路图。我能找到也没有不一致的地方,没有任何似乎不符合逻辑和声音。虽然这个装置似乎很复杂,在机器的时候看,它实际上是很简单的本质。它是基于电力重组法律解释时,所有。看来有许多功能是偶然的,但他们在现实的基础的重要性。 He has also shown to me and explained the detector that his device uses. In this he has applied a fundamental principle of electric circuits which, I believe, would not have been noticed unless pointed out by him. This detector also has numerous features which appear incidental but are the heart of the matter and of first importance. 他还证明我并解释了检测,他的设备使用。在此,他已申请了,我相信电路的基本原则,便不会被发现,除非指出他。这一探测器也有很多看似偶然的功能,但问题的和头等重要的核心。 In my own home he connected his detector into a crystal set for receiving radio in place of the crystal.The reception was better than with the Erla crystal, though the antenna was merely one of the bell type. He also took a lump of lead treated according to a process of his own. He used in it place of the crystal and got wonderful reception of radio signals. They were loud enough, in fact, to operate an old fashion horn speaker of the type put out of RCA about 1923. 在自己家里,他连成接受在crystal.The接收地点收音机,他的探测器晶体优于同埃尔拉晶体,虽然天线只是钟类型之一。他还导致了一次性处理根据他自己的进程。他用在它的晶体进行,取得了美妙的无线电信号接收。他们的声音很小,实际上,经营旧服装的类型喇叭向RCA的了解1923年。
I was recently present when an electrical engineer representing the Russian government was given a demonstration of the energy machine. He at first said that the amplification of radio waves accounted for the output energy. However, it would be a real achievement to amplify such waves sufficiently to light six one hundred-watt lights at one time. This is in addition to heating a flat iron of the standard five hundred seventy-five-watt type. When engineer saw the inside of the device, he admitted that it could not have been radio waves. He remarked many times, "It is very interesting." 我最近出席电气工程师时,代表俄政府给予的能量机演示。他首先表示,无线电波放大的输出能量占。然而,这将是一个真正的成就,这种波放大,足以轻6 100 -一次瓦灯。这除了加热标准575扁铁瓦型。当工程师看到里面的设备,他承认,它不可能是无线电波。他多次表示,“这是非常有趣。” This machine has been operated in my presence so many times, under so many different conditions of weather and of Season that I am positively convinced that it is what its' inventor claims it to be. I also believe that its' commercial adaptation is feasible. I believe that Dr. Moray has explained everything to me without reservation. I am sure that this is a revolutionary and epoch making invention. 本机已运行在我面前这么多次,下了这么多不同气候条件和季节,我肯定相信,正是它的'发明人声称的那样。我也相信,它的商业化是可行的。我相信,博士马里解释毫无保留我的一切。我相信这是一个革命性的划时代的发明。
Sincerely yours,
Dr. Murray O. Hayes 此致,
海斯美利澳博士
Patent Correspondence
Dear Henry,
For your information, I wish to report on the matter of your radiant energy machine since coming here. 专利回应
亲爱的亨利,
为了您的资料,我想对你辐射能机问题的报告,因为来这里。 We arrived here Friday, July 10. On Monday, July 13, I spent the whole day in the search room of the Patent Office. I examined every patent issued by the U. S. on devices for the reception of radiant energy. Most of them were so obviously dissimilar to your invention that they did not consume much time. Not one is there which shows, on reading, even the remotest resemblance to your radiant energy machine. Not one mentions such an idea. 我们是昨天抵京开始,7月10日。周一,7月13日,我花了一整天在专利局的搜索空间。我检查装置发出的,美国的辐射能接待每一个专利。他们大多是如此明显的不同,以你的发明,他们不占用太多时间。没一个有显示,阅读,甚至最边远的相似,你辐射能机器。没有人提到这样的想法。
Neither is there any patent that suggests anything like your oscillator tubes. I feel perfectly safe in saying that there is not one chance in a hundred thousand that the examiner will find any disclosures that will restrict your claims. I have always felt certain that you would obtain broad protection on your radiant energy invention. But now I know it for certain. 也没有任何专利,建议喜欢你的振荡器管什么。我觉得这样说绝对安全的,有没有一个在10.0万机会审查员会找到任何披露,将限制你的要求。我一直觉得,你一定会得到您的辐射能量的发明广泛的保护。但现在我肯定它。 You may use this letter in any way that you see fit. 您可以使用以任何方式,您认为合适的信。
Very truly yours,
Murray O. Hayes 真真正正你的,
海斯美利澳
Thomas J. Yates, E.E., M.E, wrote this notarized letter 托马斯耶茨,电子工程,我写了这个公证信
TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN, 向那些可能关注它的, I witnessed a demonstration of the apparatus invented by Dr. T. H. Moray by which he produces electrical energy. A report of that visit has already been made. 我目睹了仪器的示威游行日马里的博士,他发明的产生电能。这次访问的报告已经作出。
I now have, about two years later, witnessed a second demonstration of the same device; some changes in the apparatus were noted. A great improvement was made in the performance. The condensers, coils and other parts, noted at the previous test, were now in one small box about 10 x 10 x 30 inches. A safer and better means of starting the device has been devised. Once the apparatus is put in operation, it will continue to charge itself. 我现在有,大约两年后,目睹了相同的设备第二示威的仪器,注意到一些变化。一个伟大的进步是在表演。冷凝器,线圈等部位,注意到在先前的测试,在一个小盒子,约10 × 10 × 30英寸了。起始设备更安全和更好的手段已制订。一旦设备在实际操作,将继续自行充电。 The lamp rack that formerly held six 100-watt lamps has been replaced. The new rack is larger and holds thirty-two 50-watt lamps, three 100-watt lamps and a receptacle to receive an extension plug and cord. On the other end of this cord a 575-watt electric iron was connected. During this test, all of the electric lamps were lighted at one time. Their light was whiter and more brilliant than other lights in the room, which were supplied from the house circuit. When the lights were on bright, the electric iron was plugged in. There was no noticeable blinking or sudden diminution of the lights as in the usual house lighting systems when an electrical iron is turned on. The lights were as bright as before the iron was plugged in. The iron heated quite rapidly. In about 2½ minutes it was hot enough to be used for ironing. 灯机架,前举行了6 100瓦的灯已被取代。新架较大,并拥有32 50瓦灯泡,3 100瓦的灯和插座接受插头,延长线。在此线的另一端1 575瓦的电烙铁是连接。在这个测试中,所有的电灯都亮一次。他们的光线更白,更比在房间里,这是从内部电路提供的其他灯光辉煌。当灯亮了,电的铁插上没有明显的或闪烁的灯光突然缩减在通常家居照明电器铁时,打开系统。所有的灯都像以前的铁是光明的插上加热较快的铁。在约2分半钟是热的,足以用于熨烫。 I made a thorough and careful examination of the entire system to see if electricity could have been introduced from some other source. I inspected every part of the system, all wires were checked; the switch was removed and examined. Leads from the switch to the box containing the condensers and coils were checked. The box itself was lifted and examined. The leads from the box to the lamp rack were inspected. The lamp rack was lifted and examined, as was the ground wire from the switch to the water pipe on which it was grounded. Not an inch of space was overlooked where there might be any metal that would carry the power. I am prepared to say that no such connection existed from which power could be had from any other system. 我犯了一个整个系统的彻底和仔细研究,看看电力可能是从其他来源介绍。我检查的每一个系统的一部分,所有的电线检查,该开关被删除和检验。从切换到箱子冷凝器和线圈信息的检查。本机的解除和检验。从框灯架线索进行了视察。该灯架解除和审议,为的是从开关接地线的水管上,它是基础。不英寸的空间忽略了可能存在的任何金属,将进行的权力。我很乐意地说,没有这种联系存在的,权力可以不受任何其他的制度。 A crystal radio set was connected to the lead-in wire from the antenna on one side and to the ground wire on the other. Perfect reception was had. If there had been power from other sources on the antenna or lead-in wire radio reception would not have been possible. Instead a loud humming sound would be produced. This was demonstrated that by connecting the radio set to the house lighting system. 晶体收音机连接到一套,率先在电线从一方天线和其他地面上的电线。完善了招待会。如果出现了从天线或导致其他来源的权力线接收无线电信号,将是不可能的。而是一个响亮的嗡嗡声会产生。这表明,通过连接到家里设置照明系统的电台。 When Moray's system was working, the lights were burning bright. The terminal attached to the antenna was disconnected. A vigorous arcing occurred and the sparks jumped over an air gap as long as eighteen inches. This would indicate that the power was high voltage. The nature of the sparks indicated a high frequency current. 当马里的制度运作,都在燃烧的灯亮。附加到天线的码头已被断开。一个充满活力电弧发生的火花在空中的差距跳只要一八英寸。这表明,权力是高电压。火花的性质,显示出高频电流。
I do not understand the principle by which Dr. Moray's device produces the electric energy. The condensers and the coils of wire are common. The cylinders called "oscillators" and the small conical shell called the "detector" are the only things not commonly known, but the system works. It produces electric power in abundance and does all that Dr. Moray claims for it. 我不明白的原则,其中博士马里的设备产生电能。在冷凝器和电线线圈是常见的。汽缸称为“振荡器”和小锥壳称为“探测器”是不是俗称唯一的东西,但系统的工程。它生产大量电力,这一切博士马里它索赔。
I do not own any stock or interest in Moray's work. My only purpose in issuing this statement is in the interest of the advancement of science. I consider this development a great advance in the science of producing electrical energy. 我不拥有任何股票或在马里工作的兴趣。我在发出这项声明的唯一目的是在科学发展的利益。我认为在生产电能科技这一发展的伟大进军。 Very truly yours, 真真正正你的,
In witness to the above I hereunto sign my name.
(Signed) Thomas J. Yates, E.E., M.E. 在见证了以上是我hereunto签下自己的名字。
(签名)托马斯耶茨,E.E.,M.E.
STATE OF UTAH COUNTY OF SALT LAKE 县的州犹他州盐湖 Thomas J. Yates, being first duly sworn, deposes and says that he has read the foregoing statement and acknowledges that he wrote and signed the same as above set up. 托马斯耶茨,作为第一个正式宣誓就职,并deposes说,他读了上述声明,并承认他撰写并签署了上述设置相同。
(SEAL)
Thomas J. Yates
Subscribed and sworn to before me this 18th day of December 1930.
My Commission expires R. J. Chapman May 7, 1934 Notary Public – residing at Salt Lake City, Utah. (盖章)
托马斯J耶茨
认购及宣誓之前,我这个1930年12月18天。
我的委员会届满个RJ查普曼34年5月7日公证-在盐湖城,犹他居住。 This is a letter addressed to Moray from W. H. Lovesy 这是一个信马里从瓦Lovesy
Dear Henry,
I have handed you the original letter from Murray O. Hayes, in which he described being shown and having explained to him the wiring diagram of your R.E. device. Also the fundamentals of the detector were explained to him. In that letter he stated plainly these fundamentals would not have been noticed unless pointed out by you. At the same time, he had become familiar with all of the details of the construction of your device for utilizing cosmic energy. He added that you had applied only fundamental principles of electric circuits. 亲爱的亨利,
我交给你的美利澳海耶斯,他在其中叙述了他们被证明并具有向他解释了重新接线图原信设备。还探测器的基本原理解释了他。他在信中说,显然这些基本就没有注意到指出,除非你出去。同时,他已经熟悉了您的设备建设的所有细节为利用宇宙能量。他补充说,你已申请的电路只有基本原则。 There is attached a second letter containing details of Mr. Hayes educational record. 有附加了第二封信,其中载有海斯先生的教育记录的详情。 I made the memorandums on the face of these two original documents at the time I was consulting with Murray O. Hayes in my office. At the time he definitely advised me of being shown every detail of your invention. Mr. Hayes stated that he could make one of the machines himself from the information that had been given him. 我是基于这两个当时我是美利澳海斯在我的办公室咨询文件原件面对备忘录。当时他告诉我肯定被证明你的发明的每一个细节。海斯先生说,他可以作出从已发出的信息,他自己的机器之一。 Murray O. Hayes made similar statements to me several times. I have made repeated requests that he makes these declarations. Namely that he had been shown every detail of the invention. Perhaps these repeated requests gave him the impression that I had a doubt about the invention. 美利澳海斯说过类似的话我好几次。我曾多次提出要求,他作出这些声明。也就是说,他已经被证明的每一个发明的细节。也许这些给他反复要求的印象是,我有一个关于发明怀疑。 Personally, I have never had a doubt. But I thought that only you held the real detailed secrets of the invention. I had a conference in New York with Dr. Harvey Fletcher and Dr. Carl Eyring at the Bell laboratories. I agreed with them to ask you to give the details of your invention to Murray O. Hayes. The purpose was to determine if he could duplicate your machine. In every instance his answer was emphatic and to the effect that he could do so. 就个人而言,我从来没有怀疑。但我认为,只有你举行了详细的发明真正秘密。我与哈维博士弗莱彻艾林博士和卡尔在纽约的贝尔实验室的会议。我同意他们要求你给你的发明的细节美利澳海耶斯。其目的是确定他是否能重复你的机器。在每一种情况,他的回答是有力的,并表明他可以这样做。
Yours truly, W. H. Lovesy 此致,邢文Lovesy
This letter is from Geo. R. Pyper 这封信是从地理。河Pyper
To Whom It May Concern, 向那些可能关注,
I have worked in electricity all my life. I was with the Utah Power and Light Company for thirteen years and worked in all departments including sub-stations. I have been with the Kearns Corporation for over seventeen years. I have been in charge of all the electrical work for the Tribune and Telegram Publishing Company and in the Kearns and Tribune Buildings. 我曾在电力一辈子。我与犹他电力和照明公司13年,并曾在各部门包括子工作站。我一直与卡恩斯公司为17年。我一直在所有的论坛和电报出版公司和卡恩斯和Tribune建筑物电力工作。
In last December I witnessed a demonstration at Dr. Moray's laboratory of his electrical marvel box. He let me see inside this box. There was a H. F. transformer, some of his cold tubes and some condensers. Dr. Moray connected this box to a special balanced aerial and ground wire from outside the building. Two of us held a counter poise antenna attached to glass insulators in the room. When he connected the box to this counter poise antenna, I saw the same results as with the external aerial. 在去年12月我目睹了在马里医生对他电气神奇方块实验演示。他让我此框中看到里面。有一个高频变压器,他的一些冷管和一些冷凝器。博士马里连接此框一个特别平衡的空中和地面线以外的建设。我们一共举行了反稳重天线连接在会议室的玻璃绝缘子。当他连接的方块,此计数器镇定天线,我认为这与外部空中相同的结果。 During this demonstration and while the lamp and appliances were operating, I shorted the aerial and ground wires. There was no spark; it just turned off the power from the box. I then took hold of both of these wires and felt nothing, they were both cold. 在这次示威,而灯和电器的运作,我短路的空中和地面线。没有火花,它只是关闭了框的权力。然后,我注意到这些电线都认为,感觉没有什么,他们都是冷。
He then took a larger box, about 18 x 30 x 15 inches and connected it to the outside aerial and ground wire. From this box he lighted about fifty 100-watts, 120-volt lamps, ran a small motor specially wound at great speed, an original electric iron and a 500-watt glow heater. 然后,他一大箱,约18 × 30 × 15英寸,连接到外界的空中和地面线。从这个他大约50 100瓦,120伏的照明灯中,刊登了专为小型汽车的速度,一原电烙铁和一个500瓦的发光加热器伤口。 Dr. Moray then disconnected the appliances and lamps and attached two long wires to the box. We pulled the main line, Utah Power and Light Company service switch for his building. We attached the wire from the box to the building side of the switch. He lighted his building and heated iron heaters. In fact, he did everything the Utah Power and Light Company service would do except run motors that I understand have to be specially wound. 博士马里然后断开电器和灯具,连接两线长的方块。我们为他拉建设为主线,犹他州电力和照明公司服务开关。我们重视从框线到交换机的建设方面。他点燃了激烈的铁建设和加热器。事实上,他做了一切犹他电力和照明公司的服务将尽除电机运行,我明白,要特别伤口。
Standard globes were used. They seemed to give a softer whiter light that was more like daylight. 使用了标准的地球仪。他们似乎给白光线柔和更像日光。 I am satisfied from my experience in electricity that there was no fake of any kind such as concealed batteries or wires. Everything was in the open so I could see every operation. I did not see the inside of the larger box. 我很满意我的经验,在电力,没有任何隐藏的假,如电池或电线。一切都在公开,所以我可以看到每个操作。我没有看到更大的盒子里面。 It was a very remarkable demonstration and one that I will always remember.
Geo. R. Pyper 这是一个非常显着的示范和一,我会永远记得。
地理。河Pyper
SECTION SUMMARY 概要部分 Whenever a fairly large amount of oppositely charged ions coexist within a small volume of space extensive recombination occurs. The resulting accumulative radiation can add up to an intense, constant wide-band frequency. This phenomenon prevails around many stars in our own galaxy and is concentrated around nebulas and star clusters. Indeed, this is a very old source of energy. All we have to do is attach our machines to this "wheelwork of nature." 凡有相反电荷的离子的数量相当大的空间内,体积小,发生广泛的重组并存。由此产生的累积辐射最多可以添加激烈,不断宽带频率。这种现象普遍存在于我们自己的周围的许多恒星和星系的周围星云和星团集中的。事实上,这是一个非常古老的能量来源。所有我们所要做的就是我们的机器重视这种性质的“wheelwork。”
SECTION REFERENCES 提述部分
"The Sea of Energy In Which The Earth Floats" by T. H. Moray, 5th Edition 1978 “海的能源,其中地球花车”的日马里,第5版1978
The Eyring Research Institute, before Henry Moray died, was working on "Direct Energy Conversion Systems." This involves using radioactive material in conjunction with the quartz junction. p. 89 该艾林研究所,亨利慕礼去世前,是“直接能量转换系统的工作。”这包括使用与石英交界一起放射性物质。山口89 In 1942, shortly after World War II began for the United States, Henry Moray attempted to rebuild a radiant energy device. He used the remaining bit of what was known as the "Swedish Stone." This material limited the amount of power that his device could draw. Consequently, in the larger unit, he developed a second detector that forced him into extensive research involving nuclear materials and radioactive reactions. He became deeply involved in the study of synthetic radioactivity as described by Gustave LeBon in his book, "The Evolution of Matter." p. 186 1942年后不久,第二次世界大战开始为美国,亨利马里试图重建一个辐射能量的设备。他用的是什么人称为“瑞典石称为其余位。”这种材料有限的权力,他的装置可利用量。因此在较大的单位,他开发了第二个探测器被迫广泛涉及核材料和放射性反应的研究他。他深深地参与所描述的古斯塔夫勒邦在他的著作,他说:“人造放射性物质演化的研究。”186页
Others may discover Direct Energy Conversion Systems using synthetic radioactive materials. Bell laboratories have made millions of dollars from semiconductors, though no credit has been given to Henry Moray. p. 190 其他人可能发现,能源转换系统直接使用合成放射性材料。贝尔实验室已经制成的半导体数百万美元,虽然没有信用,一直把亨利马里。190页
This is from a speech given by T. H. Moray on Jan. 23, 1962 at the Valley State College Northridge, California 这是从给定于1962年1月23日通过第马里在谷州立大学北岭加州的讲话 It is now estimated, because of present advances in dielectrics that a 100-lb. unit can be made to deliver 300KW. That is gross weight, not net weight. p. 11 据统计,目前,由于在介质目前的进步,一个100磅。单位可提供千瓦。这是毛重,净重没有。11页 "The Sea of Energy In Which The Earth Floats" 4th Edition 1960, by T. H. Moray “能源的海,地球漂浮其中”第4版1960年,由日马里 Nikola Tesla was not referring to so-called atomic energy or nuclear energy but to the energy that is continually bombarding the Earth from outer space. Call it cosmic, or what one will. p. 1 尼古拉特斯拉是不是指所谓的原子能和核能,但对能源不断轰击地球外层空间。说它宇宙,什么人会。1页
Enough energy is coming to the Earth to light 1,193,600 one hundred-watt lamps for every human being alive today. No fuel of any kind will be taken. Energy can be "picked-up" directly by great ocean liners, railroads, airplanes, automobiles or any form of transportation. In addition, heat, light and power can be available for use in all kinds of buildings. p. 1 足够的能量是地球来点燃1193600 100瓦的灯泡每个人的今天活着。任何形式将采取燃油。能源可以被“重拾了”直接伟大远洋,铁路,飞机,汽车或任何形式的运输。另外,热,光,功率可用于在各种用途的建筑物。1页
Electrons are spontaneously being emitted from the nuclei found in Nature. Every new discovery on the subject bears out the claim that all "space" is filled with energy containing millions of amperes at very high voltages. p. 89 电子是自发地从原子核被发现的自然排放。每对了,所有的“空间”与含有百万安培的能源填补要求非常高的电压的主题熊新发现。89页
In the case of R. E. devices, a different effect is established. The oscillations from the Universe are trapped by the R. E. valve and continue to enter the circuit as the waves of the sea beat upon the shore. p. 92 在可再生能源的设备,不同的效果情况下成立。来自宇宙的振荡被捕获的稀土阀,并继续进入赛道作为海面上风浪后,岸上巡逻。92页
Pellets were made of a mixture of the Moray lead that withstands heat over 1800°F. Using pure germanium mixed with bismuth, iron sulfide, triboluminescent zinc and certain other impurities including the Moray fission material, he obtained a substance that had wonderful properties as a detector or valve for radio signals. p. 128 丸是由一个混合物 海鳝铅 这可承受超过1800 °楼热使用纯锗混合铋,铁硫化,triboluminescent锌和其他一些杂质 包括马里裂变材料,他获得了物质,曾经当探测器或无线电信号阀美妙的属性。128页
With this germanium combination alloy used as a detector, it was found that radios would operate without batteries or any source of power other than that obtained from the radio transmitting station. p. 128 与此相结合的锗探测器用于合金,发现,收音机将下运作,而电池或任何权力以外的其他来源获得的 广播发射台。128页 To make this special R. E. energy valve, he used a lump of lead (Moray lead). It was treated according to the process that he has discovered and got wonderful reception on a radio. p. 129 为了使这个特殊的再生能源的阀门,他用铅(马里铅)肿块。这是根据治疗,他发现并获得美妙的一个电台接收的过程。129页 "Radiant Energy" 3rd edition by T. H. Moray, 1945 “辐射能”第3版的蔡贤马里,1945年 This energy, or as Dr. Moray explains it, these oscillations of energy, are picked up by the device through the oscillators, or neutron bombardment. p. 8 这种能量,或者博士马里的解释,对这些能源振荡,拾取由设备,已通过振荡器,或中子轰击。8页
In reference to electrons, neutrons, protons and ions: It is my theory, in using these terms, that they are the energy of the Universe. p. 17 在谈到电子,中子,质子和离子:这是我的理论,在使用这些术语,他们是宇宙的能量。17页 My device oscillates because of the oscillations of the Universe caused by the disintegration of matter. p. 18 我的设备振动的解体造成的问题,因为宇宙的振荡。18页
Radiant Energy 2nd edition by T. H. Moray, 1931 辐射能第二编 T. H.马里,1931年版 As far as atomic energy is concerned for heat, light and power, it is and always will be nothing more or less than an expensive, dangerous, glorified steam plant or an equally dangerous thermoelectric device. The process involves breaking into the lines of force of the radiation field that surrounds the reactor to capture energy. Such a plant, no matter how efficient, never is the complete answer to the World's energy problems. Costs and weight will always be a great problem. 至于原子能方面的取暖,照明和电力,这是并将永远是什么或多或少是一种昂贵的,危险的,荣耀的蒸汽工厂或一个同样危险的热电装置。突破的过程涉及到的辐射场力线反应堆周围捕获能量。这样的工厂,不论如何有效率,从来没有完整的答案是对世界的能源问题。成本和重量将永远是一个大问题。 Any nuclear fuel, even the most "super nuclear pile reactor," or what have you, is, and always will be, just another way to operate an energy plant from any heat, light and power viewpoint. p. 1 任何核燃料,即使是最“超级反应堆核桩”,或者你有什么,现在和永远是,另一种方式来运作的任何取暖,照明和电力能源植物的观点。
When Moray used the word "Universe" he was often referring to the atom. Moray refers to cosmic energy that relates to both "stellar space" as it does to "atomic space." p. 61 当马里用“宇宙”,他往往指的是原子。马里是指宇宙能量,同时涉及“星际空间”,正如它的“原子空间”。 The facts involved are the same in both the radio receiving set and this device. The nature of the mechanism, however, in one differs greatly from the other. The radio receiving set receives transmitted energy waves out of the air and transposes them into sound waves. The R.E. device receives oscillations from the Universe, and transposes them into electricity. p. 13 涉及的事实是无论是接收器和无线电该设备相同。该机制的性质,然而,在一,大不相同其他。无线电接收装置接收传输的能量波从空气及调换成声波他们。在R.E.设备接收来自宇宙的振荡,并将之转移它们转化为电能。 If the frequency is raised high enough, molecules will separate and the atoms are freed. Raise the vibration of the atoms still higher and higher and they will resolve themselves into the original elements of which all matter is constituted. p. 15 如果提出的频率足够高,将分离分子和原子被释放。提高原子振动仍越来越高,他们会解决到的所有事项的原始元素本身构成。 Cosmic rays are constantly creating radioactive carbon. The fusion of small atoms together to make larger ones gives off more energy than so-called "splitting" of the larger uranium or plutonium atoms. The uranium energy release ratio is only 1 to 1000 – that is only 1/1000 of the heavy atoms are changed in the uranium "atom splitting" process of the atomic pile. p. 60 宇宙射线的放射性碳不断创新。小型原子融合在一起,使较大的释放出超过所谓的“分裂较大的铀或钚原子”能源。铀能释放率只有1到1000 -这是唯一的1 /重原子千顷的铀改为“原子分裂”的原子反应堆的进程。
11 April 1990 1990年4月11号
Arthur Glenn Foster Principal Engineer wrote: 阿瑟格伦福斯特 首席工程师说:
There are some interesting side details. "We" (a group of us in government and industry, loosely coupled) were pursuing "Project X". We had a contract to process some of the Moray "valve," fineground, "Swedish Stone" into pressed "detector" pellets. The pellet material was doped with a tiny amount of unpurified radium reduced from U238 yellow cake. 还有一些有趣的方面的细节。 “我们”(在政府和产业集团,我们的松耦合)正在修读“X计划”。我们有一份合同,对马里的过程“阀门一些,”FineGround的,“瑞典将压石”探测器“子弹”。颗粒材料的掺杂的和不纯的镭从U238小黄饼减少的数额。 The pellets were subjected to a huge number of millibars of pressure by a tetrahedral press used for manufacturing artificial diamonds. This technique was developed and patented by Dr Tracy Hall after he left GE. When a certain critical pressure was reached "something" in the material "flashed." The electric pulse produced was so violent that it burned out the 2000-amp carbon-die heater power supply, blew the main breakers in the building and blew the power line transformer on the outside power pole!
该球是受到了压力毫巴数量庞大的人造钻石制造使用的四面体记者。这种技术的开发和特雷西博士专利厅后,他离开通用电气。当某个临界压力,达到“在物质的东西”,“闪烁”。电脉冲的产生是如此激烈,它烧毁了2000安培的碳模具加热器电源,炸毁建筑物内的主断路器,吹响了在外面电线杆电源线变压器!
SECTION 5
My Radiant Energy Research 第5节
我的辐射能研究
Whenever radiation from a radioactive substance ionizes atoms, electrons are emitted. The electrons almost immediately recombine with the positively charged atoms that expelled them in the first place. Charge equilibrium occurs at the exact moment of recombination, along with electromagnetic oscillation. A by-product of this phenomenon is called ionic oscillation. Radioactive particles will again separate the newly recombined atom. In fact, any electrically neutral atom will lose electrons when exposed to radioactive matter. The atom that is left behind becomes a positive ion. This process of ionization and recombination is a continuous cycle as long as the atom is exposed to a source of ionizing radiation. 每当从放射性物质的辐射电离原子,电子的发射。几乎立刻的电子与带正电的被驱逐当初他们原子重组。电荷平衡发生在重组的确切时刻,随着电磁振荡。阿按产品这一现象被称为离子振荡。放射性粒子将再次单独的新重组原子。事实上,任何电中性原子就会失去暴露在放射性物质的电子。在这留下原子成为正离子。这种电离过程和重组是一个长的连续周期的原子是暴露于电离辐射的来源。
Whenever a fairly large amount of oppositely charged ions coexist within a small volume of space, the accumulative radiation from recombination can add up to an intense, constant wide-band frequency. This phenomenon prevails around many stars in our own galaxy and is concentrated around nebulas and star clusters. Indeed, this is a very old source of energy. All we have to do is attach our machines to this "wheelwork of nature." 凡有相反电荷的离子的数量相当大的空间内,体积小,共存,从重组的累计辐射最多可以添加激烈,不断宽带频率。这种现象普遍存在于我们自己的周围的许多恒星和星系的周围星云和星团集中的。事实上,这是一个非常古老的能量来源。所有我们所要做的就是我们的机器重视这种性质的“wheelwork。”
What has just been revealed to you here is the final secret to harnessing the very wheelwork of nature. Ionic recombination of the decay products of radioactive isotopes will produce intense surges of electromagnetic energy. More often the wavelengths created are in the infrared (thermal) range. However, the wavelengths generated can also manifest within the radio frequency range or even far into the gamma end of the electromagnetic spectrum. They can even be made to manifest as free electrons. What does the decay of radioactive matter teach us about the nature of energy? 什么刚刚透露,你在这里是最后的秘密利用自然非常wheelwork。离子对放射性同位素衰变产物重组将产生强烈的电磁能量激增。往往产生的波长是在红外线(热)的范围。但是,也可以产生波长体现在无线电频率范围,甚至到远 伽玛 结束时的电磁频谱。他们甚至可以作出表现为自由电子。什么是放射性物质的衰变教导人们对能源性质是什么? Under the right conditions, radioactive particles can be made to generate intense surges of energy in the radio frequency range. Tune into this energy with a tank circuit that will resonate with it and you have yourself a powerful source of electrical power.
To the best of my knowledge no person has ever harnessed radioisotopic energy using the process that I have just explained, with the exception of T. H. Moray and myself. There is not a patent to be found that even closely resembles it. Radio astronomy only gives us hints about these "ionic oscillations." 在适当的条件下,放射性粒子可产生强烈的能量激增的无线电频率范围。收听到这个坦克电路,与它的共鸣,你自己一个强大的电力能源来源。
据我所知,从来没有人能驾驭放射性同位素使用我刚才所解释的进程,异常的TH马里和我自己。这里没有被发现,即使是最接近它的专利。射电天文只给我们这些提示“离子振荡。“
Many radioactive isotopes could be used to generate electrical power. However, the real power behind these isotopes is the radon gas that they release. I have pointed this out many times in my writings, lectures and articles. Polonium can be cheaply manufactured by bombarding the metal bismuth with a source of neutrons. 许多放射性同位素可以用来发电,。然而,这些同位素的背后的真正力量是氡气,他们释放。我指出这一点,很多时候我的著作,演讲和文章。钋可以廉价地制造的轰击一个中子源金属铋。 In United States Patent 2,728,867, it is stated that each gram of nuclear fuel that is undergoing fission gives off around twenty watts of power. In comparison, one gram of polonium will generate about one hundred and forty watts of power. This is seven times more energy than what is available from a conventional nuclear reactor! 在美国专利2728867,这是说,每个核燃料正在经历裂变克散发出的大约20瓦的功率。相比之下,一克 钋 将产生大约100和权力四十○瓦特。这是 7倍 更多的能量比是从传统的核反应堆提供!
If polonium is made to generate surges of intense electron oscillations then it becomes a powerful source of radio energy. A simple ion valve, or call it what you will, can be used to generate these oscillations. They in turn can be directly converted to electrical power. This unique valve is shown in Figure 4. Before it can function it must be connected to a source of high-voltage. In order for electrical energy to be extracted, it must also be connected to a proper circuit. One such circuit is detailed in Figure 5. The electronic circuit shown is basically what is required for this conversion. Many additional stages can be added for more power. Many other circuit and component configurations can also be used but the fundamental conversion principle will remain the same. The circuit and components shown in this book will give you the general idea of the principles involved. 如果钋是由产生的紧张电子震动潮,它就会变成强大的无线电能量的来源。一个简单的离子阀,或称之为你将可以用来生成这些振荡。反过来,他们可以直接转换为电能。这种独特的阀门如图4所示。才能显现它必须连接到高电压源。在电力能源,以提取,它也必须连接到适当的电路。一个这样的电路,详见图5。电子电路显示的基本上是这种转换需要。许多其他阶段可以添加更多的权力。许多其他的电路和元件配置也可以使用,但根本转换原理将保持不变。该电路在这本书显示部分将让你所涉及的原则,总体思路。
The actual mechanics and electronics of building and validating a radiant energy prototype are relatively simple. It is fun and easy. Moray's devices used a detector that was ionized by radioactive impurities. However, radioactive material need not be used, from what we now know. 实际的机制和建立和验证1辐射能原型电子产品相对简单。这是有趣和容易。马里的设备使用一个由放射性杂质离子探测器。然而,放射性物质不得使用需要,从我们现在知道 Those involved in building prototypes, must first confront some serious issues before beginning. I will try to enumerate a few pitfalls and make descriptions as clear as I can. This will fortunately and blessedly push some of you into action, but for others it will be viewed as an impossible challenge. 这些原型参与建设,必须首先在开始面临一些严重的问题。我会尝试列举一些缺陷,并明确说明的,我可以。这将幸好幸好,并推入你的一些行动,但它将被看作是一个不可能的挑战看别人。
What are the most important assets for beginning my research?
1. Dedication 2. Motivation 3. Passion 4. Do instead of just theorizing. 什么是开始我的研究中最重要的资产?
1。奉献 2。动机 3。激情 4。做而不只是纸上谈兵。 What is the second most important thing? 什么是第二个最重要的事情?
The lone wolf researcher will need a lot of skills if their project is to be successful. Among the most valuable skills are those involving electronics technology. Plus, some familiarities with machine shop practice and materials. A good sense of organization is important. Being able to stand-back and observe the big picture, along with a lot of plain, good old common sense; are necessary skills to have. The "hands-on-imperative" must be at the very core of your efforts. 孤独的狼研究者将需要很多技能,如果他们的项目要取得成功。其中最宝贵的技能是那些涉及电子技术。此外,与机械厂的做法,一些材料familiarities。一个组织良好的意识是重要的。能够退居幕后,观察全局,连同平原,美好的旧常识性的东西,是有必要的技能。在“动手,必须”必须在你的努力的核心。 What if I have few tools and skills but have the dedication? 如果我有一些工具和技巧,但有事业心?
Then you need to have some cash, the green stuff. You will have to buy the skills, knowledge and time of others. You can farm out electronics and machining chores but it will be expensive. The more that you can do for yourself the better off it will be for you in the long run. 然后,你需要有一些资金,绿色的东西。你将不得不购买的技能,知识和他人的时间。您可以进行电子和农产品加工琐事,但会很昂贵。越多,你可以做自己的富裕,将你在长期运行。 A fully equipped, skilled, advanced amateur radiant energy experimenter might slip by for about $300.00 for everything. If you have only a few tools hanging around then a proof of concept prototype might cost you around $500.00 because of the extra tools that you will have to purchase. Later you can build a more powerful prototype to replace the proof of concept design. Your basic working design will not have to be replaced. You can add more components as your research progresses. Simple dedication goes a long way. Watching, paying attention to details and doing it right the first time; are all very important. With this borne in mind, you could complete a powerful prototype for around $5,000.00 that could provide power for the average home. However, it is not now my intention to instruct you on how to build a home power unit. This book was written so that you may validate the technology; refinements still have to be made. 一个设备齐全,技术精湛,先进的业余辐射能实验者可能白白约一切300.00美元。如果您只有围绕然后挂了概念原型证明你的费用可能是因为美元左右的额外工具,500.00,你将必须购买一些工具。稍后,您可以建立一个更强大的原型,以取代概念设计的证据。您的基本工作的设计将不必更换。您可以添加更多的组件,您的研究进展。简单的奉献走一段很长的路。看,注重细节,做正确的第一次,都是非常重要的。基于这个考虑,你可以完成5,000.00美元左右,可以为普通家庭权力的强大的原型。然而,这不是我现在打算指示你如何建立一个家庭机组。写这本书,以便您可以验证技术;改进仍然需要作出。 Are there any dangers involved?
Yes, of course there are! There are a number of ways to wind up in an early grave! Most of the lethal dangers can be avoided with skills. Read first and do second. Reference books and a solid, broad-based scientific library are your true assets. Access to the Internet would also be very helpful. Know the danger zones in the various disciplines that you are going to come across in your research endeavors. 是否有任何危险的工作?
是的,当然有!有很多方法可以在早期风严重了数字!致命危险的大多数是可以避免的技能。首先阅读并第二次。参考书籍和坚实的,基础广泛的科学图书馆是你的真实资产。进入互联网也将非常有益。知道在各学科的危险区域,你会接触到你的研究努力。
The radiant energy circuitry is connected to an antenna and ground. A lightning strike could fry the device and burn down your house to boot. I take no responsibility for this. You build these circuits at your own risk. Take the time to install lightning protection on the antenna and ground leads. It could save you a lot of grief in the long run. 电路的辐射能量,是连接到一个天线和地面。阿雷击可能烧毁设备和烧毁你的房子启动。我没有这个责任。您建立您自担风险这些线路。花时间来安装和地面天线的防雷线索。它可以节省你大量的悲痛长远很多。 Some specific dangers include: 一些具体的危险包括: 1. Crushed and mangled hands of the unwary or metal splinters in the eyes or skin. 1。粉碎和错位的手稍有不慎或眼睛或皮肤的金属碎片。 2. There are burn and eye damage hazards. 2。有烧伤和眼睛损伤的危险。 3. Imploding glass bell jars, power valves, can scatter glass splinters at high velocity into face and body. Always use glass enclosures that can withstand the vacuum that is being applied. 3。爆玻璃钟罐,电力阀门,可以把分散在脸和身体高速玻璃碎片。始终使用玻璃外壳,可以承受正在应用的真空。
Do you have what it takes to go the distance?
If you have what it takes and there is a burning passion for this research then you are probably ready to begin. This is not a place for a wimpy mentality. If you become frustrated or fail in your experiments, have the courage and good grace to realize how this came about. Make the effort to find out where you made your mistakes. 你有什么需要去的距离?
如果您有什么需要的是有这项研究燃烧的激情,那么你可能准备开始。这不是一个懦弱心态的地方。如果你成为挫折或失败,您的实验,有勇气,有良好的风度,实现如何来的。作出努力,找出你了你的错误。 More than likely, you are going into this research with learning from books that have been written to hide certain facts from you. Do not expect results over night. Learn all that you can by careful observation, educate yourself, search out the truth first and let Nature be your guide. 更可能,你将这个研究,从已被写入您隐藏某些事实的书籍学习。不要指望一夜之间结果。学习,你可以通过仔细观察所有,教育自己,事实的真相,让搜索第一自然成为你的指导。 There are political powers in this World that would not like to see us succeed in getting radiant energy power implemented. They know quite well that this energy source will liberate the global community. This mode of power generates not only power, but it will also generate hope for our decaying World. 有在这世界的政治权力,不希望看到我们取得成功辐射能力量实施。他们知道,这相当不错的能源将解放全球社会。这种权力模式不仅产生电力,而且还将为我们的腐烂世界的希望。 Fundamental Validation Test Circuit
First of all, let me say, there is no fringe science involved with radiant energy power generation. This is a very old source of energy being extracted and harnessed in a unique, new way. I do not claim to have discovered anything new in nature. What I do claim is an improved method to convert radiant energy (atomic ions) into useful electrical power. Think of the radiant energy receiver as a type of electronic heat pump, only it is pumping ions, not heat. No laws of physics are being violated. No new laws are being implied. 基本验证测试电路
首先,请允许我说,没有任何附带科学与辐射能量发电的。这是一个非常古老的能量来源被提取,并以独特的,新的方式利用。我不敢说,他们发现新东西的性质。我不要求是改进方法,辐射能量转换(原子离子成有用的电力)。想想作为电子热泵式辐射能量接收器,它是唯一的离子泵,不热。物理没有法律受到侵犯。没有新的法律相继暗示。 Energy from the Dissociation of Matter
It is no secret that electrical current can be obtained by utilizing a couple of dissimilar metals. You can plunge a dissimilar couple into an electrolyte to obtain electrical current. This is called electrochemical energy. You can heat the junction of a pair of dissimilar wires that have been twisted together at their ends to generate electrical potential. This is called "thermoelectricity." However, what is not generally known is that you can also generate electrical current with plasma or a glow discharge as your medium between two dissimilar electrodes. This effect is the result of "triboelectricity." All these forms of electrical energy are caused by the dissociation of matter. This dissociation of matter is called "radioactivity" by the scientific world. All electrical phenomenon is the result of this radioactive decay. 物质分解能量
正是电流可以利用一个不同的金属夫妇没有得到任何秘密。您可以陷入一种电解质1不同的夫妇获得电流。这就是所谓的电化学能量。您可以加热一个已经扭曲了自己的目的,共同产生的电势不同线对交界处。这就是所谓的“热电。”然而,一般不知道的是,您还可以产生电力与血浆或作为两个不同的电极之间的中型辉光放电电流。这种效应是“triboelectricity的结果。”所有这些电能类型是由物质的分离。物质的分离,这被称为“放射性由科学世界”。所有电气现象是这种放射性衰变的结果。
Proof of Concept - Figure 3 概念验证-图3
• The "ion gate" in this circuit uses two .001mfd/20kvdc capacitors and two 20kv, 100-nanosecond diodes. • There are varieties of electronic circuits that can be built to serve as ion pumps. The circuit used was designed by Robert E. Iannini and can be found on my website at: http://www.nuenergy.org/plasma.htm • The ion valve in the above proof of concept prototype consists of a standard aluminum electrical conduit that is six inches in length. Its center wire is a 60 µm diameter tungsten wire secured with two half-inch PVC end caps. •“离子在这门电路”使用两个.001mfd/20kvdc电容器和两个20kv,100纳秒二极管。 •有很多,可以作为蓝本,作为离子泵电子电路品种。该电路使用的设计罗伯特扬尼尼,可在我的网站找到: http://www.nuenergy.org/plasma.htm •在原型的概念上述证明离子阀由一个标准铝电力管道是6英寸长。它的中心线是一个直径60微米钨丝两个半英寸聚氯乙烯端盖担保。 Preliminary Ion Valve Validation
1. The output at the ion gate reads around 5KVDC using an analog high voltage test probe without the ion-regulator valve in the circuit. With the ion valve in circuit a 20KVDC reading is obtained with at least a 25% reduction in current being drawn to power the circuit. 2. The apparent energy gain in the above ion valve appears from the fact that when negative ions produced at the surface of the inner cylinder bombard the center wire secondary negative ions are generated. The negative ions, when accelerated with sufficient voltage are capable of dislodging (dissociation) other negatively charged ions by from the target against which they impinge upon; and a significant result is that the number of secondary ions may be several times greater than the number of primary ions. This has the effect of reducing power drain from the power supply. A.W. Hull observed this effect in a thermionic tube − HULL, Proc. I.R.E., 6, 5, 1918. 3. The ion valve can be used as a quenching (regulator) device that can provide clean sinusoidal currents to the output current. 离子阀的初步验证
1。在离子门输出读取周围5KVDC使用不含离子的模拟高电压测试探针在电路调节阀。随着电路离子阀1 20KVDC 阅读是获得至少25%减少到目前正制订供电电路。 2。在上面的离子能量增益阀出现明显的,当负离子在气缸内表面制备了轰击中心线二次负离子产生。负离子,当有足够的电压加速,是2003/2004年度(离)其他带负电荷的离子通过从目标对他们冲到;和显着的结果是,有能力的可能数倍数目更大的二次离子数目初级离子。这减少了电力供应电力消耗的影响。 A.W.赫尔观察一热离子管这种效果-赫尔,进程内。 I.R.E.,6,5,1918。 3。离子阀可作为淬火(调节)设备,能够提供清洁的正弦电流输出电流。
SECTION 6
Ion Valve Technology Explained An ion valve that has been preconditioned with radon gas will uniquely add electrons to an applied high-voltage source. Inputted energy can be converted to a higher wattage electrical output. Using an ion valve in this embodiment the basic design has an axial, negatively charged cathode wire that extends the length of the cylinder. The anode is made out of an aluminum cylinder that is positively charged. Its cathode is a tungsten wire or rod that is negatively charged. 第6
离子阀技术的解释 离子阀已与氡气预处理,以独特的添加到电子应用的高电压源。输入的能量转换为电力输出功率更高。使用本体现的基本设计有一个轴,带负电荷的阴极线,扩展了气瓶的长度,离子阀。阳极是由流出一个铝制汽缸的是正电荷。它的阴极是钨丝或棒是带负电荷。
Ion Valve - Figure 4 离子阀-图4
In the diagram shown here negatively charged ions are formed at the surface of the center cathode wire. Positively charged ions are formed on the inner surface of the anode cylinder.
When a surge of ions flows through the valve they are added to the negative ions that sit on the cathode. They are now attracted to the positive anode cylinder. A few milliseconds later the positive ions on the surface of the inner cylinder are attracted to the negatively charged onrushing ions. When these negative and positive charges collide they neutralize each other generating electromagnetic oscillation. This characteristic has the effect of suppressing any inductive kick back seen from the loads that would normally flow back towards the power supply. Feedback from the loads to the power supply will result in wasteful heat losses. 在这里显示带负电荷的离子形成的图在该中心的阴极线的表面。带正电荷的离子形成的阳极气缸内表面。
当离子流动的激增,通过它们被添加到该坐的阴极负离子阀。他们现在吸引的积极阳极缸。阿后,对气缸内表面几毫秒正离子被吸引到带负电荷的离子汹涌。当这些消极和积极的收费碰撞他们压制对方产生电磁振荡。这些特性镇压任何影响 归纳踢回 从两地的货物流量将接近正常供电回来。从反馈的负载与电源会造成浪费的热量损失。 I am fully convinced that my ion valve is a refined version of Edwin Gray's conversion tube described in his US Patents No. 4,595,975 and No. 4,661,747. Chauncey J. Britten also describes a similar component in his US Patent No. 1,826,727. Mr. Britten's component appears to be a prior variation of my ion-regulator valve design. Britten's valve was said to have lit up his home in 1930 according to a local newspaper article of that time period. Russian scientist Alexander Chernetski experimented with what appears to have been a type of ion-regulator valve. It is said that he got up to five times more energy out of his device than what he put into it. Plans were made to commercialize the invention but like the Moray, Gray and Britten devices it never became a commercial product. 我完全相信,我的离子阀埃德温是一个灰色的转换管完善的版本,他的美国专利第4595975号和4661747描述。 昌西J.布里顿 也介绍了类似的组件在其美国专利号1826727。布里顿先生的部分似乎是我的离子事先变化,调节阀的设计。布里顿的阀门据说点燃了1930年根据当时当地报纸的文章期间他的家。俄罗斯科学家 亚历山大Chernetski 试验了什么似乎是一种离子型调节阀。有人说,他站起身,离开设备比他把它提出的5倍更多的能量。制定计划,对发明的商业化,但像马里,灰色,它从来没有成为一个商业产品布里顿设备。 The ion valve is not to be confused with a current rectifier. The ion valve prevents ions from flowing back to the power source. It is an 'energy dam' for the lack of a better description. Both negative and positive ions can flow through this component. The valve has a charge blocking effect. This is why Moray stated that "the valves are not rectifiers in the sense that they operate as radio valves in changing AC or HF to DC. Ion valves have an actual valve action in stopping the 'flow' of energy in one direction. Its function may be thought of as an oscillatory action similar to the waves of the sea, without rectification, from returning to the outer circuit." p. 209, The Sea of Energy, 5th edition. This rather cryptic language now makes more sense seeing first hand how my ion valve works. 离子阀是不可混淆的电流整流。离子阀防止流回电源的离子。这是一个'能源大坝为更好的描述缺乏'。正面和负面的离子流过该组件。该阀有一个负责封锁的效果。这就是为什么马里说:“不是的阀门在这个意义上,他们通过电台阀的操作改变AC或高频直流。离子阀整流器在停在一个方向的'流动能源的实际阀行动。它的功能可能被认为是一个振荡的行动类似海面上风浪,不纠正返回到外部电路。“山口209,能源,第5版海。这个颇为神秘的语言现在更有意义看到我的亲身体会离子阀的作品。 The metal atoms in the cathode wire are bonded to each other through electron sharing. In another embodiment, to break these bonds the wire is given a positive charge and the cylinder is given a negative charge. The negative charge on the cylinder negatively ionizes any gas that contacts it. These ions rush towards the positive cathode. When an ion that carries an excess electron hits head on with a positively charged metal atom the electron combines with the metal atom. The absorbed electron passes along its kinetic energy onto the metal atom causing it to break its bonds with the atoms that were joined to it. This generates an intense burst of free electrons. The "sea electron" model helps to explain this effect. It is where metal atoms are bathed in a "sea" of valence electrons. If this model is taken one step further it can be shown that when metallic atoms are dissociated from each other excess electrons are released as pure electrical energy. This occurs because the electrons no longer take part in the intermolecular binding force that existed before the dissociation took place. The freed electrons will add amperage to the output circuit to which it is connected. Henceforth, the equation I x E = P holds true in this system. Where, "I" represents electrons (amperage), "E" electromotive force (ionic voltage) and "P" is the power generated. 在阴极线的金属原子结合到通过电子互相分享。在另一项体现,打破这些导线被赋予正电荷和汽缸都有一个负电荷的债券。锡林上的负电荷的气体电离产生不利的接触它。这些离子冲向积极阴极。当离子承载过剩电子点击与一个带正电的金属原子的电子与金属原子结合头。被吸收的电子传递到金属导致它打破那些加入到它的原子其债券原子沿其动能。这产生了强烈的自由电子爆裂。 “海电子”的模式有助于解释这种效果。这就是金属原子在“海上价电子”洗澡。如果这个模型是进了一步可以证明,当金属原子之间是相互分离的过剩电子为纯电能释放。这是因为电子不再参与分子间存在的约束力分离前发生的一部分。被释放电子将增加安培到输出电路,它是连通的。今后,方程 余组E = P 在这个系统中拥有如此。在哪里,“我”代表电子(安培),“E”类电动势(离子电压)和“P”是的发电量。 The ion-regulator valve is an important component to the radiant energy converter. Add a grid to this valve and you then have an ion driven oscillator component. The ion-regulator valve can be used as a rectifier by heating its cathode. Electric motors can be made to draw less current from the power supply. Communication systems that take advantage of the ion valve as an oscillator could make present day radio transmission obsolete. Electrical power transmission and its generation could also receive a fresh new start. The possibilities are refreshing. It is an honor to offer humankind this technology. It is my goal to build and bring devices to market that will introduce new products that will better the quality of our lives. 离子调节阀的一个重要组成部分的辐射能量转换装置。添加网格对这个阀门和您然后驱使振荡器组成的离子。离子调节阀可作为整流器的阴极加热。电动机可得出以下从电源电流。通信系统,以作为一个振荡器可以作出现今无线传输过时离子阀的优势。电力传输和发电还可以得到一个新的新的开始。清新的可能性。这是一种荣誉人类提供这项技术。这是我的目标是建立和带来的设备推向市场,将推出新产品,更好地在我们的生活质量。
Radiant Energy Generator Concept Device - Figure 5 辐射能发电机概念设备-图五
To activate an ion valve a vacuum is pulled, radon gas is introduced and a negative charge is applied to the cathode wire. The radon decays and deposits lead–210. This is a beta emitter and will supply electrons without the need for filament current. 要激活离子真空阀门一拉,氡气是引进和1负电荷应用于阴极线。氡衰变和存款,导致- 210。这是一个测试发射,并会提供而不需要灯丝电流的电子。 T55 Taylor electron tubes were used in the above public demonstration device due to nuclear regulatory restrictions. Other radio vacuum tubes may be substituted. The energy output of this device does not give the slightest shock when the hands are in direct contact with it. Voltage meters will not respond to this type of energy. A 100-watt light bulb placed across the output will be brighter than if powered by conventional current. The filament within the light bulb can be seen to glow a cherry red and the gas is excited throughout. It is not a form of electricity that we are accustomed to experiencing. This type of electrical current should not be confused with what powers the circuitry of Figure 5. T55泰勒电子管 中使用了上述公开演示装置由于核监管限制。其他无线电真空管来代替。该设备的发电量没有给予丝毫冲击时,双手与它直接接触。电压指示器不会回应这类能源。 100瓦的灯泡放置在输出会更加美好,如果采用较传统的电流。内的灯丝灯泡,可以看到发光樱桃红色,整个天然气兴奋。这是不是电的形式,我们已经习惯于把。这种类型的电流不应该混淆的电路什么权力的 图5。 The source of energy that drives the circuit is a wavelength of energy that T. H. Moray loosely called "radiant energy." To obtain power from this energy source a receiver must be built that will oscillate in harmony with it. This particular type of radiant energy possesses great powers of penetration, exceeding, in fact, the penetrating powers of ordinary x-rays. These rays have been proven to be harmless and may be used, if desired, to produce clear radiographs. They are antiseptic, germicidal, and are good tissue builders possessing wonderful healing powers. They will also effect photographic plates, produce phosphorescence in certain substances, render the surrounding air conductive to electricity and can produce heat in some materials. 在能源,驱动电路源是波长的能量,次马里泛称的“辐射能量。”要获得这一能源的一个接收器必须建立在和谐,将振荡与它的权力。这种特殊类型的辐射能量大国拥有的渗透,实际上超过,普通X射线的穿透权力。这些射线已被证明是无害的,并可以使用,如果需要,产生清晰的X光片。他们是防腐,杀菌,并具有良好的组织建设者美妙的恢复能力。他们还将影响底片,在某些物质产生磷光,使周围的空气导电,能产生热量,在一些材料。
WARNING!
Electricity is EXTREMELY DANGEROUS and caution should always be used when working around it. Please take the time to educate yourself sufficiently. If you don't understand something, investigate further before attempting it. Take liberal advantage of encyclopedias, science books, and other reference materials. This book was compiled for information purposes only. I do not control the materials used in construction, the methods of construction, nor the applications of the construction, therefore; I AM NOT RESPONSIBLE FOR DANGEROUS OR UNDESIRABLE RESULTS. Always use rubber gloves when working with high-voltages. 警告!
电力 极其危险的 和谨慎,应始终使用时,周围的工作。请花时间进行自学,充分。如果你不明白的地方,进行调查,再尝试进一步。以自由的百科全书优势,科学书籍,以及其他参考材料。编制这本书,仅供参考。我不控制建筑用材料,建筑方法,也不是建筑的申请,因此; 我很危险或不良后果不负责。始终使用橡胶手套时,高电压工作。
ALL SAFETY PROCEDURES MUST BE CAREFULLY OBSERVED MEASURING HIGH VOLTAGE IS NOT RECOMMENDED
所有 安全程序 必须仔细观测 测量高电压不推荐
Disclaimer: The author assumes no liability for any incidental, consequential or other liability from the use of this information. All risks and damages, incidental or otherwise, arising from the use or misuse of the information contained herein are entirely the responsibility of the user. Although careful precaution has been taken in the preparation of this material, no responsibility is assumed for omissions or errors. 免责声明: 作者不承担没有任何偶然,附带或其他由本信息的使用责任的赔偿责任。所有的风险和损失,附带或以其他方式,因使用或误用所包含的信息均为完全由用户自己负责。虽然仔细已采取预防措施,在本材料准备,没有责任是遗漏或错误的假设。
SECTION 7
Edwin Gray's Energy System Thomas H. Moray invented a high efficiency 6,000-hertz power supply. It turns out that Edwin Gray's power supply also produced this same frequency. Gray claimed that electrical equipment such as solid state radio; television and light bulbs would operate on this type of current. 第7
埃德温灰色的能源系统 托马斯H马里发明了一种高效率的6000赫兹的电力供应。事实证明,埃德温格雷的电力供应也产生同样的频率。格雷称,如固态电台说,电气设备,电视和灯泡会经营这种电流型
The overall efficiency of the Gray device was said to be extremely high. From one of his company press releases we are told that it will power loads four times longer in comparison to a standard DC to AC inverter power supply. This particular press statement indicates that he was planning to market a device that put out a 6Khz frequency, as compared to the standard 60Hz frequency coming from the public utility power grid. 灰色的设备的整体效率说是非常高的。从他的公司新闻一发布,我们被告知,它将功率负载的4倍以上相比,一个标准的电源转换器电源。这种特殊的新闻声明中表示,他计划向市场提供设备,救6Khz频率比标准频率为60Hz从公用事业电网未来。 Both the Moray and Gray energy systems harnessed a very old source of energy in very unique ways. They could be the solution to our power needs by using an inexpensive renewable energy. The advantages over other systems are many. The World is indeed moving at a suicidal pace, we need this technology more than ever. It will light lights, run motors and electrical appliances. 无论是马里和能源系统的利用,灰色非常独特的方式在一个非常古老的能源来源。他们可能是我们的电源解决方案需要使用一个廉价的可再生能源。对其他系统的好处有很多。世界确实在以自杀的步伐,我们需要这一技术比以往任何时候。它将光灯,运行电机和电器。
When you put a high potential current across two separate elements, ionization will occur between them. The high voltage elements 12 & 34 develop a pre-discharge plasma glow between them. The charge polarity given to the tube 14 in the Gray circuit puts it into an impulse mode. When a glow pre-discharge is present in this mode no current flows. The tube 14 functions pretty much like a Geiger radiation detection tube waiting for an electromagnetic surge to trigger it into conduction. 当你把一个极具潜力的电流分离的两个要素,电离它们之间会发生。高电压要素12及34条开发前期它们之间的等离子体放电发光。极性的电荷给予电路中的灰管14它放进一 脉冲模式。当前辉光放电在此模式目前没有电流流过。管14个功能几乎就像盖革辐射探测电磁激增等待触发传导到它管。 Discharge occurs across the spark gap 62 once the capacitor 16 charges to the gaps' breakdown voltage. Once the arc is broken the capacitor 16 recharges, the cycle repeats and the cycle repeats so long as the batteries remain charged. This discharge current flows along the red wire shown in Figure 6. 放电电容发生一次收费16的差距'击穿电压上的火花隙62。一旦被打破弧16电容器充电,周期重复和周期重复,只要电池保持带电。这一直在图6所示的红色线放电电流流动。
Consider an electron moving through a magnetic field, whose lines of force are at right angles to its direction of motion. It is known that the electron is constrained to move in a circular path. In fact, if the field is made strong enough the electron may be forced to revolve in a circular orbit whose diameter is smaller than the field. If a magnetic field is applied transversely to the motion of the electrons, they may be deflected to such an extent as to prevent them from reaching the plate. Thus they are constrained to return to the cathode. A.W. Hall of the General Electric Co. was the first to use this principle in a highly efficient vacuum tube converter that he called a magnetron. The sudden discharge through the element 12 generates an intense electromagnetic field that collapses very abruptly. This discharges the energy stored in capacitor 38 in series with the load 36 and capacitor 16. During this discharge cycle capacitors 16 & 38 recharge and in the same moment a powerful surge of electrical oscillations flows through the load 36. The collapsing magnetic field in conjunction with the reappearance of the pre-glow discharge instantly generates a pulse train of electrical oscillations. This surge of power runs Gray's unique high frequency motor. The motor functions with extreme efficiency because DC resistance is reduced to a minimum and wasteful heat loss is practically non-existent in this system. 考虑一个电子通过一个磁场,使用武力的台词,移动成直角,以它的运动方向。据了解,电子限制在朝着循环的道路。事实上,如果该字段是由足够强大的电子可能被迫在一个旋转的圆形轨道,其直径比外地低。如果磁场的应用横向到电子的运动,他们可能会偏离到如此程度,以防止他们到达板。因此他们不得不回到阴极。 A.W.在通用电气公司大会堂是首次使用高效真空管转换器,他呼吁磁控管这一原则。通过元素12突然排出产生强烈的电磁场非常突然倒塌。这放电电容能源与负载36和16系列38电容器储存。在此放电循环电容器充电16和38,在同一时刻的流动电子振荡通过负载36强大的激增。折叠式与前再现辉光放电结合磁场即刻产生的电气振荡脉冲序列。这种权力运行浪涌格雷独特的高频率的电动机。极端效率的汽车,因为直流电阻降低到最低限度,热损失浪费的职能几乎不存在在这个系统中。
Edwin Gray Energy System - Figure 6 埃德温灰色能源系统-图6
1. The blue wires represent the high frequency current path that powers the load 36. 1。蓝色线代表的高频率电流路径权力负荷36 2. The red wires represent the current discharge path that occurs when the spark gap in the Gray conversion tube 14 fires. Storage batteries 40 and 18 alternately recover the discharge energy through a double-poled switch 48. 2。红色电线代表电流放电路径时发生的灰色转换管火花隙14火灾。蓄电池40和18日通过交替恢复双开关48极化放电能量。 3. When the capacitor 16 discharges an intense oscillating high frequency electromagnetic field is generated through the "switching tube" and load circuit. 3。当电容器放电激烈的16个高频振荡产生电磁场通过“开关管”和负载电路。
SECTION 8
Treatise On Matter & Energy Matter and Energy are one and the same… 第8
论对物质与能源 物质和能量是同一...
Three Primary Particles
Atomic theory does not predict every reaction created by the various states of matter and of energy. There are principles in Nature yet to be revealed. Something has been missing from the over-all atomic picture of matter and energy. There are three primary particles that bring the elements into existence. Just as the colors red, green and blue combine to give us the entire rainbow, the same holds true of the three primary particles: protons, neutrons and electrons. The combination of these three basic primary particles is what gives physical mass to an element and its' unique characteristics. Its physical size, its mass, gives it a signature. This signature is given an "elemental" name. 三个主要粒子
原子理论并没有预测到的物质和能源的各种状态造成的每一个反应。自然界有原则尚未透露。事情一直缺少过的所有物质和能量原子图片。有三种主要的粒子,使存在的元素。正如颜色红色,绿色和蓝色相结合,给我们整个彩虹,同时掌握着真正的三个主要粒子:质子,中子和电子。这三个基本初级粒子的组合是什么给身体质量的一个元素,其独特的特征。它的物理尺寸,它的质量,给它签名。这个签名是发出“元素”的名称。 If a given element is not in a kinetic state then it is said to be at complete rest. It is cold. The external forces acting upon it determine a particle's energy level. When struck by another particle, it becomes kinetic. It is this kinetic activity that we call heat. This heat or kinetic energy level may be raised by particles which impinge upon it that have higher kinetic energy levels. The "heat" of an element may be lowered by other elements that impinge upon it that have lower kinetic energy levels. This will cause the element to lose some of its heat. It is therefore "cooled." However, the elements fundamental make up is not changed. An element may acquire the kinetic energy level of visible light and still retain its fundamental properties. Its' signature is not changed. 如果给定的元素不是在动力学状态那么它说成是彻底休息。这是寒冷。该行事后,外部势力确定一个粒子的能量水平。当另一个粒子击中,就变成动能。正是这种动力学的活动,我们称之为热。这种热或动能水平,可能会提出的粒子,它侵犯时具有较高水平的动能。 “热元素”可以降低其他元素,冲到认为动能较低水平。这将导致部分失去其降温。因此,“冷却”。但是,基本的要素组成没有改变。元素可获取可见光的动能水平,仍保留其基本属性。它的'签名不会更改。
Gamma Radiation
An atom that absorbs or expels neutron particles will ring like a bell. It emits gamma energy. Whenever an atom gains or loses neutron energy it generates gamma energy. Gamma energy is a disturbance phenomenon. 伽玛辐射
原子吸收或排出的中子粒子会响如钟。它发出伽马射线的能量。每当一个原子的收益或损失产生的中子能量的伽马射线能量。伽玛能源是干扰现象。 The only difference between natural and artificial gamma energy levels is their origins. Natural gamma rays are emitted from the nucleus of a radioisotope. Artificial gamma energy is generated outside the atom. Gamma rays and x-rays are often called photons. They have no mass and no charge and may be considered to be energy disturbances in space. 之间的自然和人工伽马能级唯一的区别是它们的起源。自然γ射线的发射从一个放射性同位素的核心。人工产生伽玛能源以外的原子。伽玛射线和X射线通常称为光子。它们没有质量,没有收费,可能被认为是在空间能量干扰。 Wavelength
The kinetic energy level of the radiating element determines the wavelength of energy. A low kinetic level is represented by a long wavelength on the chart. A high kinetic level represents a short wavelength on the chart. The "speed of light" is therefore a relative term. Energy is contingent upon the matter that it impinges upon. 波长
在辐射元素的动能水平,决定了能源的波长。动力学水平低的代表是一个长期图表上的波长。高级别代表动力学图表上的短波。光的“速度”,因此相对而言的。能源是取决于这件事,它侵扰。
The x-rays begin at about the middle of the ultraviolet portion of the spectrum. These are called soft x-rays. Those that extend into the lower portion of the gamma range are called hard x-rays. Beyond this range, they are cosmic rays. These energy disturbances are called "photons." They are not particles. They are disturbances caused by the kinetic states of particles in motion. This energy spectrum proceeds in order of decreasing wavelength: sound, thermal, visible light, ultraviolet, gamma, and the cosmic rays. X光开始对频谱的紫外线部分中间。这些所谓的软X射线。那些延伸到伽玛下限部分被称为硬X射线。超出此范围,它们是宇宙射线。这些能源骚乱被称为“光子”。他们不是粒子。它们都是由运动粒子动力学国家造成的干扰。这减少的波长为能谱收益:声,热,可见光,紫外线,γ,和宇宙射线。 Pair Production
If a photon has sufficient energy, its' energy may be absorbed by atoms. The photon interacts with electrons. This gives rise to a process called "pair production," in which the energy of the photon is absorbed by the atom. 对产生
如果一个光子有足够的能源,它的能量可能被吸收的原子。光子与电子相互作用。这引起了一种称为“对生产”,即光子的能量是由原子吸收。
Photo Disintegration – Gamma Energy
Atoms can absorb high-energy x-ray photons, those with energies above 10 MeV (Million electron Volts). Here, the electrons within atoms are raised to an excited state and instantaneously emit high-energy gamma radiation. This makes the atom receptive to nuclear transformation. This process is called "photo-disintegration." 照片解体-伽玛能源
原子能吸收高能量的X射线光子,与超过10兆电子伏特(百万电子伏特能量的)。在这里,在原子的电子被提高到一个兴奋状态,瞬间发出高能伽玛射线。这使得原子接受核转变。这一过程被称为“照片解体。” 1.02 MeV Energy Barrier
It has been calculated that when one electron pairs with another, 0.51 MeV of photon energy results. Since two electrons are involved in a pair production event, a photon must have at least 1.02 MeV of energy to separate them. A photon with less than 1.02 MeV will not produce a pair production event. Any energy in excess of 1.02 MeV is distributed equally between the two electrons. 1.02兆电子伏能量壁垒
据计算,当一个人与其他电子对,0.51 MeV的光子能量的结果。由于两个电子在一对事件涉及的生产,一个光子必须至少有1.02 MeV的能量将它们分开。阿少于1.02兆电子伏特光子不会产生对生产活动。任何超过1.02兆电子伏特能量之间平均分配的两个电子。
Electrical Energy – Electron Cloud
An atom is negatively ionized when it gains electrons. The atom is positively ionized when it loses electrons. How can it be then that a helium particle expelled from radioactive decay is charged to millions of volts positive? This observation can mean only one thing, that the electron shells are really an abstract thought for mathematical calculations, when concretely the atom is a mixture of electrons, neutrons and protons. The electron cloud consists of thousands of actual electrons. It must be noted that an electron is approximately 1,830 times smaller than the mass of a proton. The scientific community has ignored this little fact. As an example it will take around 1,830 electrons to equal the mass of one proton in the hydrogen atom. So, it is said that there is one proton and one electron in the hydrogen atom. What really should be said is that there is one proton and approximately 1,830 electrons. However, it is much easier to state that there is one electron in the hydrogen atom for simplicity. The mathematical electron shell theory need not be modified to fit this reality. It is convenient to use the square root of the actual number of electrons that surround each nucleus, for day to day chemical formulations. 电力能源-电子云
原子是负增长时,电离电子。原子是积极的电离时失去电子。怎可以那么这氦粒子衰变驱逐从收取的百万伏特积极?这种观察可能意味着一件事,即电子炮弹确实是,数学计算抽象思维具体的原子时,是电子,中子和质子的混合物。电子云由电子成千上万的实际。必须指出,一个电子大约1830倍,一个质子的质量小。科学界忽略了这个小的事实。作为一个例子,将需要大约1,830个电子,平等的氢原子一个质子的质量。因此,有人说,有一个质子和一个电子氢原子。真正应该说是,有一个质子和大约1,830个电子。然而,更容易地指出,有一个简单的对氢原子电子。电子外壳的数学理论不必进行修改,以适应这一现实。这是方便使用的电子围绕原子核的实际人数每平方根,为日常的化学配方。 When electrons or negative ions rush towards a positively charged atom in order to reach equilibrium, it is said that an electric current is generated. This current is created by a particular energy state called "voltage." If a metallic conductor has electrical current flowing in one direction one end of the conductor has an excess of electrons. The opposite end has a deficit of electrons. All "electric oscillations" are a result of this phenomenon. Battery power, direct current generators, alternating current alternators, radio, microwaves, radar, electronic oscillators, metallic coils and condensers, electron-tubes, ion-tubes and transistors, magnetrons, klystrons, lasers, masers and molecular transitions; all carry these oscillations. 当电子或负离子对一个带正电的原子急于以达到平衡,这是说,一个电流产生。这种电流是创建一个特定的能量状态称为“电压。”如果金属导体的电流在一个方向上的一个流动指挥年底有一个电子的过剩。另一端有一个电子的赤字。所有“电振荡”是这种现象的结果。电池电源,直流发电机,交流发电机,无线电,微波,雷达,电子振荡器,金属线圈和电容器,电子管,离子管和晶体管,磁控管,速调管,激光,微波激射器和分子过渡,所有携带上述振荡。 So then, what is electricity? This question has eluded the most able intellects throughout human history. Could this be because science ignored the fact that the electron in an atom is actually representing more than one thousand electrons, not just one? As observation shows, two states of energy exist, one "negative" and the other "positive." How could it be that there are two states, identical in their properties, opposite in character, both clinging to matter, both attracting and yet completely neutralizing each other? From this analogy, it is safe to say that electron differences create the effects of electricity. 那么那么,什么是电?这个问题一直无法在整个人类历史上最有能力的知识分子。难道这是因为科学忽略一个事实,即在一个原子中电子是代表超过1000电子,而不仅仅是一个?作为观察表明,两个国家存在的能源,一个“消极”和其他“积极的”。怎么可能不是这样,有两个国家,在他们的财产,在性质相同的对面,都抓着问题,既吸引和尚未完全压制对方?从这个比喻,可以有把握地说,电子的差异造成的影响的电力。 Chemical Cohesion
Atoms are attracted by virtue of their differing kinetic phase relationships. Matter stays together because of this principle. Atoms are continually expanding and contracting in unison with their kinetic frequencies. Expanding particles are attracted to contracting ones and visa-versa. "Gravitation" might turn out to be a grand display of this phenomenon. Atoms will repel atoms only if they are in the state of coherent kinetic vibration. This occurs when atoms are vibrating in phase with each other. Coherence will raise energy levels. Differing elements will form "compounds" when their fundamental frequencies are in accord with each other. They must ring harmoniously. 化学凝聚力
原子吸引了各自不同的动力学相位关系的美德。此事保持在一起,因为这一原则。原子不断扩大,齐声承包与动力学频率。扩大粒子被吸引到承包的和签证,反之亦然。 “万有引力”可能变成一个大这一现象显示。原子将击退只有在原子中的相干动力学振动状态。这发生在原子相振动与对方。一致性将提高能量水平。将形成不同的元素“化合物”当他们的基本的频率是相互一致的。他们必须环相处。 Ultra Chemistry
The first law of thermodynamics describes the principle of the conservation of energy. It states that "energy is not created or destroyed; it merely changes form." The fact is that the creation or destruction of energy is a result of matter being broken down or built up. They both go hand in hand. 超化学
在热力学第一定律描述了能量守恒的原则。它指出,“能源不创建或销毁,而只是改变形式。”事实是,建立或毁坏的能源是一个问题而被分解或建立起来。他们都齐头并进。 I strongly believe that the three primary particles were created at the beginning of the Universe and that they can not be destroyed. However, the good news is that to serve our needs we can artificially alter the elements, (cosmic soups) of these three particles, protons, neutrons and electrons). 我坚信,在三个主要的粒子创造了在宇宙的开端,他们不能被破坏。不过,好消息是,为了配合我们的需要,我们可以人为改变的因素,(宇宙汤这三个粒子,质子,中子和电子))。
I will dare to further state that neutrons not only reside in the "nucleus," but they also exist throughout the atom as a homogenous mix with the other primary particles. The most simplistic expression of the Perreault Atom involves the bold statement that neutrons reside in balance with the protons and electrons in the atoms. This concept applies throughout the entire Periodic Chart of the Elements. 我不敢进一步指出,中子,不仅居住在“核心”,但他们也整个作为与其他主要颗粒均匀混合原子存在。该佩雷奥特原子最简单的表达涉及中子大胆的声明,居住在与质子和原子中电子的平衡。这个概念适用于整个周期表元素。 Isotopes
Three hydrogen elements (isotopes) are known to exist that are chemically similar but have different weights. The three weigh differently due to neutron content. These are all hydrogen atoms. However, it is the neutron count in the atomic shell that determines the isotope. 同位素
三氢元素(同位素)已知存在的化学性质相似,但具有不同的重量。这三个不同的重量,由于中子的内容。这些都是氢原子。然而,它是在原子的外壳,决定同位素中子计数。 It is clearly established that triple weight hydrogen (tritium) decays to helium–3. In this particular transformation a charged normal weight hydrogen element (protium) carries an excess electron in its shell. It can react with tritium and emit an electron as a by-product of the reaction. At this moment the electron is emitted at an accelerated rate and is seen as beta energy. This model will not alter the way we view chemistry, however, it should change how nuclear changes are viewed. 这显然是确定,三体重氢(氚)衰变氦-3。在这个特殊的转型带电正常体重氢元素(氕)携带一个电子的外壳过剩。它可以反应氚和排放作为一项电子的反应产物。此时的电子被发射的速度加快,并作为测试能源看到。这种模式将不会改变我们看待化学,但是,它应该改变核变化查看。 Gravitation
Each individual atom is at the center of it's own universe and has a unique resonant frequency that is representative of it's specific mass. Lithium for an example has a greater mass than the hydrogen atom and will vibrate at a lower frequency in comparison. Therefore, we may say that it is caught by earth's gravitational pull more readily and has more weight. This may help to explain how physical objects are attracted to the Earth. 万有引力
每个单独的原子在它自己的宇宙的中心,具有独特的共振频率是它代表的具体质量。为例锂具有比氢原子的体积更大,并会在振动的频率比较低。因此,我们可以说,这是捕获地球的引力更迅速和有更多的重量。这可能有助于解释物理对象被吸引到地球。 Stored Nuclear Energy
Have you ever wondered about spontaneous radioactive decay? Is there a super charged state of matter? If an atom becomes ionized by either gaining or by losing electrons then why can there not be a nuclear ionization too? I hypothesize that atoms do become ionized on the nuclear level by gaining or losing neutrons. This may appear incidental but could be at the very heart of an ultrachemistry. I say that it is highly likely that this very phenomenon is behind natural spontaneous radioactive decay and explains many unanswered questions in nuclear science. 存储核能
大家有否想过自发的放射性衰变不知道?是否有超被控物质的状态?如果一个原子成为离子一方获得或失去电子,为什么不可以有核电离呢?本人猜测,原子不成为对所获得或失去电离中子核的水平。这看起来是偶然的,而是可以在一个ultrachemistry的核心。我说,这是很有可能,这个现象是很自然的自发的背后放射性衰变和核科学解释了许多没有答案的问题。 Atoms can gain or expel neutron particles, some to a greater or lesser degree. Thorium can readily be transformed into a fissile isotope of uranium by absorbing neutrons. It is a known fact that thorium stores more energy than uranium, coal, oils and all other fuels combined. This represents a tremendous amount of stored energy. Transformed thorium could be our most economic source of energy. It is almost as abundant as the element lead. 原子可以获得或驱逐中子,一些或大或小的程度。钍可以很容易转化为铀裂变同位素吸收中子。这是一个众所周知的事实是钍储存更多能量比铀,煤,油和所有其它燃料。这代表了大量储存能量。转化钍可能是我们最经济的能源。它几乎和丰富的元素领先。 It is only by passing from one state of equilibrium to another that matter can lose or gain energy, consequently emitting radiation. The notion that radioactivity originated in a peculiar chemical process was adopted and defended by Rutherford. "Radioactivity," says he, "is due to a succession of chemical changes." Research has found that this "succession" is due to neutron transformation. 只有通过从一种平衡状态过渡到另一种物质会丢失或增加能量,因此发射辐射。即放射性一种特殊的化学过程起源概念通过和卢瑟福辩护。 “放射性,”他说,“是由于继承的化学变化。”研究发现,这种“继承”是由于中子转变。 Nuclear Transformation
Elements that absorb neutrons and become unstable are called "radioisotopes." When an atom absorbs neutrons it is seen as a "fusion" reaction. When an atom loses neutrons, it is seen as a "fission" reaction. All elements can "transform" into a radioisotope and visa-versa. Radioactive isotopes are unstable and will transform into stable elements. A radioactive isotope will eventually revert back to the original element on it's own accord. Radioisotopes are nature's storehouses of energy. We need not look any farther for our energy needs. Nature holds an inexhaustible supply. 核转化
中子吸收的元素,成为不稳定的被称为“放射性同位素。”当原子吸收它是作为一个“融合”的反应,可见中子。当原子失去,这是作为一个“裂变”反应可见中子。所有的元素可以“改造”成的放射性同位素和签证,反之亦然。放射性同位素的不稳定,将改变为稳定的元素。放射性同位素,最终将恢复到原来的元素在它自己的协议。放射性同位素是能源大自然的仓库。我们不需要寻找任何更远了我们的能源需求。自然持有取之不尽。 Induced Radioactivity
When bismuth is exposed to radium, initially it becomes several hundred times more active than the radium. This is due to emanation that clings to the surface of the bismuth. Emanation is widely known as radon gas that will eventually decay to polonium. It releases more energy than any single natural element ever discovered. 感生放射性
当铋暴露镭,最初它成为几百倍以上的镭活跃。这是因为,为了流溢的铋表面的皮革。流溢被广泛地称为氡气,最终将腐烂的钋。它比任何单一的释放自然元素不断发现更多的能量。
If beryllium is exposed to radium, neutrons are generated. These neutrons will have penetrating power several times that of the most energetic gamma energies. This activity is due, not to an alteration of the inactive matter itself, but to an admixture of a very small quantity of intensely active matter. Is this the neutron? Could it be that a neutron is actually an inert monatomic gas? This would certainly explain a few gaps in accepted atomic theory. 如果暴露于铍镭,中子产生。这些中子的穿透力将有几次,最充满活力的伽马射线能量。这项活动是因为,没有一个不活跃的改变事件本身,而是一个积极的事情非常激烈少量杂质。这是否中子?难道一个中子实际上是一个单原子惰性气体?这肯定说明接受原子论一些差距。 I have found that "radioactive" matter can be electronically synthesized. I find that radioactive matter is simply in an atomically charged state. It has been recognized that when an atom gains or loses electrons, it becomes "charged." However, I have taken this one step further by suggesting that matter will also become super charged when it gains or loses neutrons. This super charge that the atom acquires depends largely on its energy state and the type of radioactive gas that it reacts with at the moment of contact. 我发现,“放射性”的问题可以通过电子合成。我发现放射性物质只是在一个原子充电状态。人们已经认识到,当一个原子获得或失去电子,就变成“费用。”不过,我已暗示这一问题更进一步来说也将成为超级大国时,收取收益或损失中子。这种超收费,原子获得在很大程度上取决于其能源状况和放射性气体,它的反应,在这方面接触的时刻类型而定。 Strange Nuclear Facts
Primary neutron particles and gamma energy levels are generated in nuclear transformations. This results in the atom becoming super charged. 奇异核的事实
小学中子和γ粒子能级产生核转换。在这导致原子成为超级费用。 A "chain-reaction" in radioactive matter is due to the concentration of excess neutrons. The greater the concentration of excess neutrons, the more accelerated the decay process becomes. 一个“链反应的放射性物质”,是由于过多的中子浓度。越中子过剩,更加速衰变过程中的浓度越高。 For example, if beryllium metal is added to radium metal, neutrons are expelled. These neutrons can be used to cause secondary nuclear reactions in fissile material. The beryllium becomes the nuclear trigger. 例如,如果金属铍添加到镭金属,中子被驱逐。这些中子可以用来引起核裂变材料的二次反应。铍成为核扳机。 The energy released by the transformation of beryllium is estimated to be at around 50 MeV and that of boron nearly as large. The excess neutrons generated can be used to super charge atoms thus transforming them into radioisotopes. 由铍变革释放的能量估计在50兆电子伏特,而硼几乎一样大。生成的多余中子可用于超级原子电荷,因此它们转化为放射性同位素。 Cold Fusion
Here is a "cold fusion" reaction to consider. Radon gas (a pure alpha emitter) generated from the decay of radium is deposited onto a beryllium wire. Beryllium will react with an excited alpha particle that will generate a "cold fusion" reaction without the need for excessive heat, as is the case for "hot fusion." The reaction that results is: the 4Be9 + 2He4 → 6C12 + 0n1 (cold fusion) mentioned above. This secondary neutron energy now can effect a reaction in nuclear fuels. Atoms need not be fragmented in this reaction. Therefore, this reaction is "clean." There are other examples but this formula will give you a general idea. 冷融合
这里是一个“冷核聚变”反应的考虑。氡气(纯阿尔法发射器)由镭衰变产生的沉积到铍线。铍的反应可能会与兴奋阿尔法粒子,将生成一个“冷聚变”,无需过多的热量需要的反应,因为是案“热融合。”的反应,结果是:在4Be9 + 2He4→6C12 + 0n1(冷聚变)以上。这二次中子能量的效果现在可以在核燃料反应。原子不必割裂,这种反应。因此,这种反应是“干净的。”还有其他一些例子,但这一公式会给你一个总体思路。 Alpha fusion is actually cold fusion. The end result generates neutrons from the production of fusion by alpha particle collision. A simple equation where mass squared by it's speed equates to temperature. This equation can be applied to a kinetically energetic alpha particle in my model. Simply stated, a fusion reaction occurs when there is a temperature differential between the alpha particle and the target that it impinges upon. It must also be noted that no new neutrons will result because the reaction consumes what it releases. This is cold fusion. 阿尔法融合其实是冷聚变。最终结果产生从融合由alpha粒子对撞生产中子。一个简单的等式,由大众通过它的平方的速度相当于温度。这个等式可以应用到高能α粒子动力学在我的模型。简单地说,1时发生核聚变反应之间存在的阿尔法粒子和目标,它侵扰温差。还必须指出,没有新的中子会的结果,因为消耗的反应是什么版本。这是冷聚变。 The over all reaction is 'cold' in the general sense; in contrast to reactions that produce excess residual heat. To site a cross correlation; a thermal heat pump will absorb hot particles right out of the cold air of winter. The average temperature is cold. This analogy can be applied to the alpha fusion reaction just sited. The particles involved are in the midst of relatively cool ones. The average temperature is cold. This is my justification for dubbing it a "cold fusion" reaction. You may still consider the reaction to be hot. In fact, it is in every real sense of the word. Even so, the term 'cold fusion' is a non-mathematical one. We can use it to denote the difference between reactions that result from a CERN particle reactor and those that are naturally directed by ultra chemical reactions. As you can see, I do not buy into what the textbooks say about what constitutes the nuclear verses chemical reaction. All reactions are chemical in my point of view. The sited alpha reaction is an ultra extension of chemistry. The textbooks have over complicated the "nuclear reaction" in my assessment and in doing so have fogged the truth in many instances. 对所有反应的是'冷'在一般意义上,相反应产生的过剩余热。为了网站交叉关系;热热泵将吸收热粒子权走出寒冬的空气。平均气温寒冷。这个比喻可用于聚变反应的阿尔法刚刚兴建。涉及的粒子在相对凉爽的时期。平均气温寒冷。这是我的配音,这是“冷核聚变”反应的理由。你可能仍然认为可以热反应。事实上,它在每一个真正意义。即便如此,这个词'冷聚变'是一个非数学之一。我们可以用它来表示的反应之间的区别而导致的一个CERN粒子反应堆和那些自然的超化学反应指示。正如你所看到的,我不买教科书到什么说的是什么构成了核经文化学反应。所有的反应都是在我的观点化学物质。选址阿尔法的反应是化学超延伸。该教科书在复杂的“我的评估中核反应”,并在这样做,在很多情况下雾的真相。
So-called "cold fusion" researchers have overlooked the fact that the electrodes that they are using contain traces of naturally occurring radioisotopes. Alpha particle emitters such as Pt190 & Pt192 are two examples. What is an alpha particle anyway? It is a super charged helium atom is it not? Couldn’t you also say that it is the atomic ash of nuclear decay? That is exactly what researchers are finding in their experimental cold fusion setups. Neutrons may also be generated as a result of a cold fusion reaction but we might not always detect them. If the neutrons generated equal the neutrons absorbed in the reaction there is nothing left to detect. In my opinion this is the signpost of a clean nuclear reaction. 所谓“冷核聚变”研究人员忽略了电极,它们正在利用含有天然放射性同位素的痕迹。如Pt190和Pt192α粒子发射器是两个例子。什么是α粒子呢?这是一个超级被控氦原子是不是?你也不能说是核衰变原子灰?这正是研究人员在他们的实验发现冷聚变设置。中子也可以生成一个冷聚变反应的结果,但我们并不总是发现它们。如果中子产生平等的反应有什么留下来检测吸收中子。在我看来这是一个清洁的核反应路标。
Some Ignored Uranium Facts
1. U235 emits ultraviolet light. Galen Winsor1
2. U238 expels electrons most readily when exposed to a wavelength of 3000 Angstroms in the ultraviolet spectrum. H. C. Renschler2
3.The UV light wavelength of 254 nanometers (nm) is a catalyst to oxidation processes.
4.The 254 nm frequency of light kills viruses, molds and other pathogens by rendering their DNA inactive. It therefore disinfects drinking water.
5.The human skin is reddened (erythema) and is most sensitive to the wavelength of 3000 Angstroms (254 nm range). Hauser and Vahle3 有些忽略的事实铀
1。 U235发出的紫外线。盖伦Winsor1
2。 U238驱逐电子最容易暴露在3000埃波长的紫外光谱。施汉伦施勒2
3,紫外线的254纳米(nm)波长是对氧化过程的催化剂。
4,254纳米的光的频率,导致其死亡的病毒DNA的活跃,模具和其他病原体。因此,消毒饮用水。
5,人类的皮肤变红(红斑),是最敏感的波长为3000埃(254 nm范围内)。豪泽和Vahle3
SECTION SUMMARY
Bombardment by alpha or beta particles does not "disintegrate" atoms. Rather, this bombardment goes beyond normal chemical changes. Energy is transformed by neutron absorption or by neutron emission.
What other discoveries await us? The future is indeed a glorious jewel to behold. Will we continue to follow the path that leads us further away from this great storehouse of energy? 第概要
由α或β粒子轰击没有“分化”原子。相反,这次轰炸超出了正常的化学变化。能源转化中子中子吸收或排放。
什么其他的发现在等待着我们?未来是一个光辉的宝石蔚为壮观。我们将继续遵循的路径,使我们更加远离这个巨大的能量库?
SECTION 9 第9
Alpha Fusion
阿尔法融合
The Department of Energy (DOE) has hindered the development of this technology by holding fast to its' bogus restrictions on radioactive materials. I allege that they fear a miniature, clean atomic power source that will deny the Department of Defense its supply of weapons-grade plutonium. 在能源部(DOE)已阻碍了坚守在放射性材料的'假的限制这项技术的发展。本人声称,他们担心一个缩影,干净的原子动力源,会否认美国国防部的供应武器级钚。 The DOE’s 45-year old H-bomb fusion program sucks up all government fusion funding. The DOE’s fusion projects are located at the Princeton University Plasma Physics Lab. These projects are top-secret, cold-war research projects using fusion for massive production of plutonium and tritium for nuclear weapons. 美国能源部的45岁的氢弹聚变计划的吸融合了所有政府拨款。美国能源部的融合项目位于普林斯顿大学等离子体物理实验室。这些项目是高度机密,冷战的研究项目,利用钚和用于核武器的大规模生产氚聚变。 The Princeton fusion reactor burns tritium, a radioactive fuel that produces deadly neutron radiation, 80% of its total output of energy. This reactor, if used in conjunction with a breeder reactor, is capable of "breeding" 100 times more plutonium than can be produced by a conventional utility reactor. This is a fuel machine for nuclear weapons of destruction. 普林斯顿烧伤氚聚变反应堆,放射性燃料产生致命的中子辐射,80其能源生产总量%。这个反应堆,如果与增殖反应堆同时使用,有能力“育种”钚100倍以上可以由传统的实用反应器中产生。这是销毁核武器的燃料机械。 Congressman George Brown, Chairman of the Science, Space and Technology Committee, had introduced a new bill, in early May of 1994. This bill would have allowed for clean, compact, "neutron-less" fusion energy technologies that would compete with the DOE’s weapons program. This bill was never passed! 众议员乔治布朗,科学,空间和技术委员会主席,介绍了在5月初的新法案,1994年。该法案将允许干净,紧凑,“中子少”聚变能源技术的竞争,将与美国能源部的核武器计划。该法案未能通过!
In spite of resistance from the DOE against clean atomic reactions, the "Fusion Energy Research and Development Act" (Brown's bill) would have created an Office for Alternative Fusion Energy and a separate budget for Alternative Fusion Technologies. 尽管从美国能源部反抗清洁原子反应,“融合能源研究和发展法”(布朗的法案)将创造了一个融合的替代能源和替代融合技术的独立预算办公室。 A neutron free, atomic device could generate electricity at minimal cost. It would compete with any petroleum-based fuels. This would mean no more oil spills, among many other benefits that I have already outlined. 自由中子,原子装置可以以最低成本产生电力。它将与任何竞争石油为基础的燃料。这将意味着没有更多的石油许多,我已经概述的其他福利泄漏。 Dr. Bogdan Maglich was the driving force behind the neutron free technology and the alternative fusion bill. He discovered the omega meson and other particles. In 1961, his omega meson discovery won him and three associates, a citation from President John F. Kennedy. 波格丹Maglich博士是中子免费的技术和替代融合法案背后的动力。他发现的omega介子及其它粒子。 1961年,他赢得了欧米茄介子发现他和3个同伙,从肯尼迪总统引用。
Dr. Maglich invented the "Migma," a miniature reactor that demonstrated the principle of a nonradioactive nuclear reaction in a 6-cubic-inch volume. While most fusion reactions are radioactive, Dr. Maglich’s reactor utilizes a design that is virtually non-radioactive. In 1984, Dr. Maglich planned to demonstrate the magmas' energy capabilities. The tests were to be done in cooperation with nuclear labs in Russia, under the State Department's "Conversion of Peaceful Nuclear Research" program for Russian scientists. Maglich博士发明了“Migma,”微型反应堆,演示了非放射性的核反应原理6立方英寸体积。虽然大多数核聚变反应,放射性,博士Maglich的反应堆设计,采用了几乎无放射性。 1984年,博士Maglich计划表现出岩浆'能量的能力。该试验是必须做的,在俄罗斯核实验室的合作,根据国务院的“和平核研究的转换”为俄罗斯的科学家计划。
Dr. Maglich had flown supporters with him to Washington to persuade the Congress to give the project an affirmative vote. The DOE and the nuclear-industry lobbyist defeated the vote. Humanity was on the brink of an energy technology that would have been compact, safe and almost zero residues except for the electricity that it produced. Maglich博士飞行了与他的支持者前往华盛顿,游说美国国会,使这个计划了赞成票。美国能源部和核工业的说客打败了表决。人类是在一个能源技术,将被压缩,安全的边缘,几乎等于零,除了电力,它产生的残留物。
A space shuttle full of moon dust would contain enough helium–3 to meet all the energy needs of the U.S. for an entire year. Dr. Maglich pointed out that nine grams of helium–3 are the equivalent of 1,000 barrels of crude oil. A Migma reactor could breed helium–3 from seawater. You do not need to go to the moon. 航天飞机的月球灰尘将包含足够的氦-3,以满足所有的能源需要整整一年的美国。博士Maglich指出,9克氦-3是1000桶原油当量。阿Migma繁殖氦反应堆可以从海水3。您不必去月球。 The Bechtel Corporation in 1989 subcontracted with Dr. Maglich to produce an engineering design of a clean nuclear reactor slated for a space power station. Dr. Maglich at the time was about ready to publish his completed design. The Defense Department (DOD) at this point stepped in and classified the plans before he could utter one word. DOD called his reactor "export controlled," a classification forbidding any written or verbal presentation of this invention to anyone except for government officials. This clearly violated an international agreement that forbids withholding information on controlled nuclear reactions. The agency justified this classification by saying that this type of research contains "ground-breaking work." 1989年柏克德公司与分包给博士Maglich产生一个干净的空间核电厂预定反应堆工程设计。医生当时Maglich即将准备出版他的完整的设计。在美国国防部(DOD),在这一点上,在加强和分类的计划之前,他说一句话。国防部称他的反应堆“出口控制”的分类,禁止政府官员除外本发明的任何书面或口头陈述给任何人。这显然违反了一项国际协议,禁止代扣控制核反应的信息。该机构的理由说,这种类型的研究包含了“突破性的工作这种分类。”
The bottom line is that neutron free atomic reactions do not generate weapons fuel. The DOE would stand to lose its funding for nuclear weapons fuel if non-radioactive reactors were to be commercialized. These groundbreaking designs would threaten all nuclear power plants. 底线是,中子自由原子的反应不产生核武器燃料。美国能源部将可能失去其核武器燃料的资金,如果非放射性反应堆将被商业化。这些开创性的设计,将威胁到所有的核电厂。 In the final analysis, it is relatively simple. The alpha particle proves to be an effective energy source in inducing fusion when combined with the right material. We can safely come to the conclusion that through the proper conditions that the alpha particle can provide incredible amounts of power for our use. 在最后的分析,它比较简单。在α粒子被证明在诱导时,正确的材料相结合的融合有效的能源来源。我们可以安全地得出这样的结论,通过适当的条件是阿尔法粒子可提供令人难以置信的大量权力为我所用。 Energy Released by Alpha Fusion vs. Uranium Fission 能源部发布的阿尔法铀裂变与融合 "Alpha fusion" is an amazing process. Here is a comparison of the energy released per atom of uranium that undergoes fission verses alpha fusion via neutron absorption. “阿尔法融合”是一个了不起的过程。下面是每铀原子释放出来的能量比较,通过诗歌经历裂变中子吸收阿尔法融合。
U235 fission=161,000 kWh/kg (2x108 BTU/lb.) U235裂变= 161000千瓦时/公斤(2x108英制热量单位/磅。) vs.与
Alpha fusion=1.68x1011 kWh/kg (2.6x1014 BTU/lb.) 阿尔法融合= 1.68x1011千瓦时/公斤(2.6x1014英制热量单位/磅。)
The potential implication of this alpha fusion formula staggers the imagination. There is room for unlimited innovation and creativity. Imagine having a device that could safely provide power for several decades without recharging. Sounds almost like science fiction you say? It is a scientific fact! Plutonium–238 is a non-fissile isotope that decays by alpha particle emission with essentially zero associated gamma emissions. This type of plutonium spontaneously produces about one kilowatt of energy for two kilograms of mass. This reaction will release alpha particles that can only travel a short distance before they are stopped. This process decreases slowly over time. After ten years the energy production is about 92 percent of the initial value. Even after 87 years the material produces half as much energy as it did when was first started. 本阿尔法融合公式潜在影响蹒跚的想象力。有无限的创新与创造力。试想有一个装置,可以安全地提供了数十年不充电电源。听起来就像科幻小说你说什么?它是一个科学事实!钚238是一种非裂变的同位素的衰变 α粒子 零排放相关的基本上伽玛排放。这种类型的钚自发产生两个大规模公斤约1千瓦的能量。这种反应会释放α粒子只能在短距离的旅行才停止。这一过程随着时间慢慢减少。十年后的能源生产约92初始值百分之。即使在87岁半的物质产生的能量如同在第一次启动。 When positively charged helium atoms (alpha particles) collide with the electron cloud that envelops another atom the positive charge is eventually canceled by these collisions. This is called "absorption." Atoms ring like a bell when impinged upon by alpha particles. This ringing state generates x-rays. The wavelength of this generated x-ray depends on the charge of the alpha particle and what type of atom it hits. If the x-ray generated has an energy level that exceeds 10MeV, atoms absorb it. In this case, the neutrons are raised to an excited state. They may be broken loose from the shells of an element or a neutron may be added to a shell. Gaining or losing neutrons via this process may create isotopes. We can efficiently do this by exposing atoms to alpha particles. This model clearly demonstrates that energy is transformed from one state to another. It is neither created nor is it destroyed. 当带正电的氦原子(α粒子)与碰撞 电子云 缄默,另一个是正电荷,最终取消这些原子碰撞。这就是所谓的“吸收。”如原子环时,通过α粒子冲击后,钟。这种状况产生振铃 X射线。这一波长产生的X射线,取决于负责的阿尔法粒子,什么类型的原子,它击中。如果X射线产生的能量水平,超过10MeV,原子吸收它。在这种情况下,中子被提高到一个兴奋状态。他们可能被打破,从一个元素或中子炮弹松散可能被添加到一个shell。通过这个过程获得或可能造成损失中子同位素。这样做,我们可以有效地暴露原子阿尔法粒子这一点。这种模式清楚地表明,能源是从一个状态转变至另外的。这既不是创建也不是销毁。 Generally, the formation of a chemical compound is accompanied by the release of a definite amount of heat per unit mass of the substance formed. The burning of a fuel is a chemical reaction in which oxygen is consumed. The quantity of heat released when a unit of fuel is burned with oxygen is called the "heat of combustion." For the average coal, this value is from 7,000 to 8,000 calories per gram or 12,000 to 14,000 BTUs per pound. 一般来说,一种化合物的形成是由一定的热量单位发行数量的陪同下形成的物质的质量。在燃料燃烧是一种化学反应,氧气被消耗。被释放时,单位的燃料与氧气燃烧称为“热燃烧热量。”对于一般的煤炭,该值是从7000到8000克或每12,000至14,000英镑英国热量单位卡路里。 In contrast, radioisotopic transformation is accompanied by the release of enormous energy when compared to conventional oxygen – electron oxidation. However, this does not justify the theory advanced that neutrons occupy the center of atoms. It is my hypothesis that neutrons reside in the orbital shells of elements and not within the nucleus. To envision this atomic structure one only has to look at our own solar system to see this on a grand scale. Isotopic oxidation (neutron oxidation) simply involves the neutrons. However, the energy involved is much greater because the neutrons represent neutral charge and therefore the binding energy of the elemental shells is of a greater magnitude. 与此相反, 放射性同位素 转变伴随着巨大的能量释放比传统氧-电子氧化。但是,这并不能证明这个理论先进,中子占据原子中心。这是我的假设,即中子居住在分子轨道的炮弹和细胞核内没有。设想这种原子结构人们只要在我们的太阳系,看看大张旗鼓这一点。同位素氧化(中子氧化)只涉及中子。然而,能源涉及的要大得多,因为中子代表负责,因此,中性的元素弹结合能是一个更大的规模。 When the unstable isotope of an element reverts back to its original stable state energy is released in the transformation. Now, consider that incident electrons are impinging upon, for example, the naturally occurring element U235. Assuming its absorption wavelength is correct, according to the resonant frequency of this element, then excess energy can be released. This may be done with any isotope. However, U235 will "self-fission" and under the right conditions, will not require any source of energy other than what it emits. Excess energy is released only after enough neutrons are captured to cause the transformation of the U235 atom. This is called the "break even" point, beyond which excess energy is released to effect a "chain-reaction." 当元素的不稳定同位素还原回原来的稳定状态释放能量的转化。现在,考虑这一事件后,电子的,例如,天然元素U235冲击。假设它的吸收波长是正确的,根据这个要素共振频率,那么过剩的能量被释放。这可以与任何同位素。不过,U235将“自我裂变”,并在适当的条件下,将不需要任何的能量比它发出的其他来源。多余能量被释放后,才足以捕获中子引起的U235原子转变。这就是所谓的“盈亏平衡点”,超出部分过剩的能量得到释放,以实施“产生的连锁反应。” We are not limited to the U235 isotope to use as a fuel source. This element is used in a commercial nuclear reactor because it undergoes self-fission and requires no additional catalyst in order to "burn." The public does not generally know that the U238 in a commercial reactor does not undergo fission. The only reason for its presence is to capture neutrons that transform it into weapons grade plutonium (Pu239). 我们并不限于U235使用同位素作为燃料来源。此元素用于商业核反应堆,因为它经历了自我裂变,并且不需要额外的催化剂,以便为“燃烧。”市民一般不知道,在一个商业堆U238不接受裂变。对于其存在的唯一理由是捕捉中子转化成武器级钚(Pu239)它。
U238 will "fission" via fast neutrons generated by the alpha fusion process. However, there is one small hitch to the alpha fusion process. A nuclear fusion fuel material is needed along with the U238 alpha emitter. This material generates the required fast neutrons for this type of fission. All that is needed is the right type of spark to speed up the decay rate. Radium or radiothorium could also be used as the alpha source. Beryllium, boron, or carbon can be used as the fusion catalyst. Any of the elements below periodic number fifteen feasibly could be utilized. However, these three elements sited pack the most wallop. My process uses alpha fusion formulas that show the way to a simple and economical method. No excess neutrons result to create a toxic waste problem. Fully depleted U238 could be used that does not contain U235. Instead of making nuclear bullets, like the ones used in the Gulf War, we could be using our reserves of depleted uranium as a beneficial fuel source. U238的“裂变”,通过与Alpha融合过程中产生的快中子。然而,有一个小的阿尔法顺利融合过程。阿核聚变燃料的原料需要随着U238阿尔法发射。这种材料产生这种类型所需的裂变快中子。所有这一切需要的是正确类型的火花加快衰变率。镭或radiothorium也可以用来作为阿尔法来源。铍,硼,或碳可以作为融合的催化剂。下面的一些定期15 feasibly内容,任何可以利用。但是,这三个因素选址包最冲击力。我的进程使用阿尔法融合公式,显示的方法简单,经济的方法。没有结果超额中子创建有毒废物问题。完全耗尽U238可以这样使用不包含U235。而不是使核子弹,如在海湾战争中使用的那些,我们可以使用一个有益的燃料来源的贫化铀储备。 Plutonium is not feasible at this time, so plain old, natural, untreated uranium will also work. One pound of "yellow-cake" (U3O8) is equivalent to 31 barrels of oil or 10 tons of coal. At the moment yellow cake costs only $12.50 per pound. 钚是不可行在这个时候,所以普通的老,自然,也将未经处理的铀工作。一磅的“黄饼”(八氧化三铀),相当于31亿桶原油或10吨煤。目前黄饼成本只有每磅12.50。 Radon gas from naturally occurring radio emissive uranium or thorium ores can be directly converted into electricity. The case surrounding these materials will provide adequate shielding. These devices can be designed to be compact so that a lightweight unit could be built. It has been estimated that for every pound of fuel, that, one kilowatt of power can be generated. 氡气从无线电发射天然铀或钍矿石可直接转换成电能。案件围绕这些材料将提供足够的屏蔽。这些设备可以被设计紧凑,使轻型单位作后盾。据估计,每磅的燃料,即,一千瓦的电力可以生成。 For political reasons' people, organizations and government agencies have strongly opposed the use of all forms of nuclear energy. These people have made the general population paranoid of any and all radioactive materials. Despite this strong opposition and threats against it's development, work continues with the dream of harnessing transformations safely. The atom makes energy available to us. I have proposed a radical atomic theory to explain the nuclear energy process. Conventional atomic theory has many flaws. It does not completely explain the energy created by a nuclear reaction. Does this mean that the nuclear reactor does not completely create energy? No matter what theory you wish to use in explaining atomic power, the fact still remains that energy is transformed. 为了'政治原因的人,组织和政府机构都强烈反对核能的一切形式的使用。这些人取得了总人口的任何及所有放射性材料偏执。尽管强烈反对和威胁它的发展,工作,继续与安全的治理变革的梦想。原子使能量提供给我们。我提出了激进的原子理论来解释核能的进程。传统的原子理论有不少缺点。它不完全解释由核反应产生的能量。这是否意味着核反应堆没有完全建立能源?无论你想什么理论在解释使用核力量,但事实仍然是,能源转化。 James Chadwick discovered the neutron in February 1932. Later, further studies were made to discover what effects would be produced by bombarding different materials with this new particle. Researchers for the next several years bombarded every known element with neutrons and recorded hundreds of new radioactive isotopes. My own research in this area has revealed many secrets of the vast reservoirs of energy contained within the atom. 詹姆斯查德威克发现了中子1932年2月。后来,作了进一步研究发现什么影响会被轰击这个新粒子不同的材料制作。在未来几年内的研究人员用中子轰击每一个已知元素和新的放射性同位素数百记录。我在这个领域的研究揭示了原子内部的巨大能量中的许多秘密水塘。 The First Neutron Initiator
The initiator for the first plutonium weapon was composed of polonium coated onto beryllium. The polonium came from the Radium Chemical Company. 第一中子发起者
首钚武器发起组成的钋铍上涂。该钋来自镭化学公司。 Electronically Activated Neutron Source
In the winter of 1996, I applied a 90,000-volt negative charge to a carbon rod. This carbon rod was surrounded with radioactive ore in a closed container. Under these conditions, the radon gas emitted from the ore was attracted and absorbed into the charged rod. This began my research into electronically assisted atomic transformations. 电子活化中子源
在1996年冬天,我采用了9.0万伏的负电荷的碳棒。这碳棒被包围在一密闭的容器中放射性矿。在这种情况下,氡气排放的矿石是吸引并吸收棒的费用。这开始进入电子辅助原子变换我的研究。 "It must be first remarked that helium is a gas which accompanies all radioactive minerals. It was from these bodies that it was first obtained – a catalyst with an interesting effect." “我们必须首先表示,氦是一种气体,伴随着所有的放射性矿物。正是从这些,这是第一次获得的-一个有趣的效果体的催化剂。”
"This derivation from radium is a special helium since it appears to possess the property of spontaneously vanishing. Its’ only resemblance to ordinary helium seems to consist of the momentary presence of some spectral rays." * The Sea of Energy, 5th edition, pages 229-230. “这是从镭是一个推导 特别氦 因为它似乎具有自发性消失的财产。它唯一的相似之处普通氦似乎包括一些暂时的光谱射线的存在。“*海能源,第5版,第229-230页。 Breeding U234 育种U234
Mix a dilute solution of uranium nitrate and finely divided carbon together. The solution is boiled for about half an hour. Radon is united with the carbon. After which the carbon is filtered out. To unite the radon with the carbon, the two are exposed to a strong source of gamma radiation. This is the catalyst that accelerates nuclear (ultra-chemical) reactions. 混合稀硝酸溶液的铀和幼小的碳在一起。解决方法是约半小时煮沸。氡是团结的碳。之后的碳被筛选出去。团结与碳氡,这两个被暴露在强烈的来源 伽马辐射。这是催化剂,加速核(超化学)反应。
The reaction is as follows: C12 + Rn222 → U234 (uranium "X") + e↑ 反应如下:十二碳+ Rn222→U234(铀的“X”)和E↑
To concentrate the U234 the excess carbon can be removed by burning. 要集中多余的碳可以通过燃烧消除U234。 The results of my life-long research have opened a doorway that could lead to electronically induced nuclear fusion. I originally named this process "alpha fission" to connote the electronically induced atomic reaction. The term was chosen so as to cause the least adverse social reaction to this discovery, due to the fact that the public has been duped into a state of paranoia by its global governments. Later, this term was changed to alpha fusion, as this is a more accurate term than the original chosen term. 我一生的成果长期研究开辟了门口,可能导致电子诱发核聚变。我最初命名为这一进程“阿尔法裂变”的内涵的电子诱导原子反应。之所以选择这个词,以引起社会不良反应最少的这一发现,由于公众已经陷入偏执状态欺骗政府通过其全球的事实。后来,这个词改为阿尔法融合,因为这是一个比原来的选择更准确的术语来说。 Conventional nuclear reactors generate deadly toxic radioactive wastes as by-products. These reactors are even more deadly than anyone realizes. Fuel rods in the reaction process are extremely hot and are subjected to enormous internal pressure. You can not tell me that untold amounts of deadly radon gas are not leaking into our environment. The fact of the matter is that a special detector would be required to detect this leakage. Scintillation, Geiger and Alpha counters will not detect this gas because the mass of the radon gas can not penetrate the sensors on these meters. We must take a close look at clean nuclear processes before it is too late (if it isn't already). 常规核反应堆产生致命剧毒的放射性废料的副产品。这些反应堆是更致命的比任何人预想的。反应过程中的核燃料棒是极其炎热和遭受巨大的内部压力。你不能告诉我,致命的氡气深重金额没有把我们的环境泄露。事情的事实是,一个特殊的探测器须检测这种泄漏。闪烁,盖革计数器和阿尔法不会检测这种气体的,因为氡气质量无法穿透这些米的传感器。我们必须在洁净核能的过程中仔细观察,以免为时过晚(如果没有的话)。 With the advent of electronically triggered neutrons, a self-sustaining chain reaction can be obtained and may be highly controlled. I find this especially true if thorium ore is used. Thorium emits thoron (Rn220). Owing to its extremely short half-life, thoron by itself can not be used as a source of strong radiation. However, in conjunction with its parent substance radiothorium, it can indeed be used as a strong source of radioactivity. 随着电子触发中子,自我维持链式反应的出现,可并可能高度控制。我觉得这特别是当使用钍矿石。钍发射钍(Rn220)。由于其极短的半衰期,本身钍不能用来作为一种强有力的辐射源。然而,在它的母体radiothorium的同时,其实还可以作为强大的辐射来源。 Thoron has a short half-life of 54.5 seconds. On the other hand Radon–222 has a considerably long half-life of 3.5 days making it a hazard. Thoron is safe and convenient to work with because there are no long-lived products in its disintegration chain. Therefore, there is minimal danger of permanent contamination. The parent substance, radiothorium, may be obtained from thorium solutions in the manner described next. 钍有一个很短半衰期为54.5秒生活。另一方面,氡- 222有一个相当长的半衰期为3.5使它成为危害天。钍是安全和方便地与在其解体链,因为没有长寿命的产品。因此,有永久的危险最小的污染。父物质,radiothorium,可从钍的方式得到解决下面描述。 Radiothorium is generally used as a parent source of thoron. Radiothorium has a conveniently long half-life of nearly two years. Extractions of radiothorium can be obtained in a highly emanating state. A small quantity of iron chloride is added to a thorium solution and precipitated as hydroxide by ammonia or as oxalate by oxalic acid. The precipitate, the hydroxide or oxalate of iron, is washed very carefully and dried at room temperature. This precipitate should have a high activity rate. It will not lose more than 20% of its initial activity rate for many months. This radiothorium preparation may be spread into a thin layer in a shallow brass tray placed at the bottom of a small lead-shielded container. The active deposit thorium can be collected on a negatively charged wire, insulated with respect to the container. The emanated thoron gas may also be absorbed into various materials. Radiothorium通常用作钍父母的来源。 Radiothorium有一个方便的半衰期很长的近两年的生活。对radiothorium提取物可在一个高度产生的状态。一氯化铁少量添加到一个解决办法,以及钍氨氢氧化物沉淀或草酸的草酸。该沉淀,氢氧化物或草酸铁,是非常仔细地清洗和在室温下干燥。这种沉淀物应该具有较高的活动率。它不会失去很多个月以上的20%,最初的活动率。这radiothorium准备可能扩散的浅托盘黄铜在底部的一个小铅屏蔽容器放置在一个薄薄的一层。钍的积极存款,可以收集带负电荷的电线,就绝缘容器。在所产生钍气体也可以吸收到各种材料。 Many radioactive isotopes could be used to generate electrical power. However, the power behind these isotopes is really with the radon gas. I have pointed this out many times in my writings, lectures and articles. Simply by bombarding bismuth, we can create polonium. In United States Patent 2,728,867, it is stated that the available energy of a commercial nuclear fuel rod is around twenty watts of power per gram. In comparison, polonium will generate one hundred and forty watts of power per gram. This is seven times more energy than is available from the conventional fission process! 许多放射性同位素可以用来发电,。然而,真正与氡气权力背后的同位素。我指出这一点,很多时候我的著作,演讲和文章。简单地轰击铋,我们可以创造钋。在美国专利2728867,这是指出,商业核燃料棒现有的能源大约每克20瓦的。相比之下, 钋 将产生100和每克权力四○瓦特。这是 7倍 更多的能量比可以从传统的裂变过程! The atomic ions emitted from radioactive isotopes can be directly converted to electrical power. My conversion method shown in Section 5, Figure 4 can be used to convert this source of radiant energy. Additional stages can be added for more power. The circuit shown gives a general idea of how such an energy conversion device can function. By no means is this technology limited to this one circuit or configuration. 从放射性同位素发射的原子离子可以直接转换为电能。我的转换方法中的第5, 图4 可用于转换这种辐射能量来源。以后各阶段可以添加更多的权力。显示给出了如何这样的能源转换装置的总体思路可以功能的电路。绝非仅限于此一条线路或配置这种技术。 Radon Fuel
My research has revealed that the energy devices of T. H. Moray, Alfred Hubbard, Reverend Antonio d’Angelo, Joseph Papp, and others all contained a source of radon gas. They may or may have not realized that this was what they were using as their fuel. We will never know this for sure. However, what we do know for certain is that they all used radium in their energy devices. When my prototype is ready to be demonstrated I too will show how radon can be used to generate electricity. Demonstrations will have to be performed in private until my device obtains an exemption from government restrictions. 氡燃料
我的研究显示,第马里,阿尔弗雷德哈伯德,牧师安东尼安吉洛,约瑟夫Papp介绍,和其他所有设备的能量载有氡气源。他们可能会或可能没有意识到这是他们作为燃料的使用。我们永远不会确切知道这一点。但是,我们知道肯定的是,他们都用镭在其能源装置。当我的原型是随时可以证明我也将展示如何氡可以用来发电。示威活动将必须在私下进行的,直到我的设备得到了来自政府限制的豁免。 The facts show beyond doubt that radon gas was the fuel source that has powdered many so-called "free energy" devices. You can say that these devices ran on the energy of the cosmic rays. It is these rays that created radioactive thorium and uranium that we find in the ground. High-energy cosmic rays are really neutrons as Nikola Tesla had discovered. When a cosmic particle reacts with either thorium or uranium a radioisotope is created. This is why you see a consistent percentage of U235 all over the planet. This percentage represents an accumulation of comic ray bombardment over the lifetime of our world. Nature offers us this fuel that can be used to obtain electrical power with no moving parts and it is out there free for the taking. We do not have to split atoms to harness this storehouse of energy. Nature has already safely done this for us. 事实证明毫无疑问,氡气是燃料资源,粉很多所谓的“免费能源”的设备。可以说,这些设备对宇宙射线的能量运行。这是创建这些射线放射性钍和铀,我们在地面上找到。高能量宇宙射线真的像尼古拉特斯拉发现了中子。当宇宙粒子与铀或钍或放射性同位素创建反应。这就是为什么你看到遍布地球的U235一致的百分比。这一百分比超过了我们世界的宇宙射线轰击一生积累。大自然为我们提供这种燃料,可用于获取无运动部件的电源,这是那里的以自由。我们没有分裂原子,利用这种能源的仓库。大自然已经为我们做安全的。
In order for clean nuclear power generation to enter into public use, high-grade radioactive ores must be secured without restrictions. Recent attempts to obtain these ores have been blocked by the United States Government. Once these ores are obtained I will build a high wattage radiant energy converter. Through my writings, lectures and published articles I have attempted to explain my research. Over the years I have made my research available to the public and have asked for little in return. I am asking you at this to help me to get this technology implemented, within the constraints of the law. As a former United States President once stated: "Sometimes when we reach for the stars, we fall short but we must press on." 在清洁的核能发电,以进入公众使用,高档放射性矿,必须保证没有任何限制。最近试图获取这些矿石都被封锁了美国政府。一旦得到这些矿石我将建立一个高功率辐射能量转换器。通过我的著作,并发表演讲,我试图解释我的研究文章。多年来,我已经作出了多年研究,提供给公众,并没有要求有回报。我要求在此您帮助我获得这项技术的实施,在法律的约束。作为美国前总统曾经说过:“有时,当我们达到的明星,我们达不到,但我们必须加紧工作。”
President Ronald Reagan 罗纳德里根总统
SECTION 10 第10
The Truth about Nuclear Science 关于核科学真理
Present day alternative energy researchers find hope in that, one day, power will be obtained from the energy that runs the Cosmos. In reality, this dream has only proved to be a lure to its followers, beyond the limits of credibility. A quagmire of unsubstantiated hypotheses exists that are bottomless and lack reality. The facts of many newly conceived energy concepts are wholly inadequate, lacking justification, and incapable of throwing any light on the promise of inexpensive, abundant sources of energy. 现今的替代能源的研究人员发现这种希望,有一天,从权力运行的能量宇宙获得。在现实中,这个梦想只证明是其追随者的诱惑,超出限额的公信力。一个未经证实的假设泥潭中存在的底,缺乏现实。许多新设想能源概念,事实是完全不够的,缺乏正当理由,并丢在任何光线的承诺不能便宜,丰富的能源来源。 The Earth is indeed bathed in a sea of cosmic and solar energies. Can a device be built that can transform these energies into usable power? I believe that T. H. Moray did build such a device. This has inspired me to conduct my own research and to build my own prototypes. How the radiant energy device really worked might shock a few people once the facts become realized. 地球确实是沐浴在宇宙大海和太阳能能源。可以建立一个设备,可以转化为可用功率这些能量?我相信,次马里没有建立这样的设备。这启发了我进行我自己的研究,并建立自己的原型。如何辐射能设备果然奏效,可能冲击1一旦成为事实,认识到少数人。 Nature is my best teacher. Within one of her classrooms there are mineral samples that give out pure electrical energy. They are the radioactive rocks. If radioactive matter from these rocks derives its energy elsewhere, this must be of a type entirely different from any presently known. It is capable of penetrating, without loss, hundreds of feet of solid rock. 大自然是我最好的老师。她的教室内有1顷矿物样本,给予了纯粹的电力能源。他们是放射性的岩石。如果从这些岩石放射性物质的能量来自其他地方,这必须是一个类型完全从目前已知的任何不同。它能够穿透,无损失,成千上万的固体岩石英尺。 Nikola Tesla’s investigations brought him to the conclusion that the Earth was being showered with "tiny particles, each carrying so small a charge that we are justified in calling them neutrons." He stated that "…they move with great velocity, exceeding that of light." 尼古拉特斯拉的调查使他认为,地球正在以“微小的粒子沐浴结束时,携带如此小的,我们称这些中子在合理收费。”他说:“...他们以极大的速度移动,超过了光。”
Dr. Thomas Moray called into existence the concept of unlimited radiant energy (the cosmic ray), permeating all space and all matter, unimpeded. Such a view, at first glimpse, merges perfectly with the continuous and permanent activity of radium extracted from certain rocks. This activity seems to last for an indefinite time. There appears to be no rational reason why radioactivity, however intense and powerful, should decay or diminish with the passage of time. Yet, radiant matter (radioactivity) does decay. The demonstrated "half-life" values have proven that the stored energy within radiant matter will eventually be depleted. 托马斯马里博士呼吁诞生了无限的能量辐射(宇宙射线),概念贯穿各项空间和所有的问题,畅通。这种观点,在第一次看到,完美融合与镭的持续性和永久性的某些岩石中提取的活动。这项活动似乎无限期持续的时间。似乎没有合理的理由放射性,但强烈的,功能强大,应该衰减或削弱随着时间的推移。然而,辐射物质(放射性)不衰减。在演示“半条命”的价值已经证明,在辐射物质储存的能量最终会被耗尽。 At some point in my own research, I had to ask myself three important questions: 在一些我自己的研究来看,我不得不问自己三个重要问题: 1) Is there anything opposed, either to reason or to probability, to the view that the energy evolved from radium is actually derived from an existing previously unsuspected internal process within the atom? 1)有什么反对,要么理由或概率,并为此从镭能源发展的观点实际上是来自现有以前不受怀疑的原子内的内部进程? 2) Within the decay process does the element experience a transformation into other elements? 2)在衰变过程中没有遇到一个元素的元素转化成其他? 3) How is it that such enormous stores of energy in matter have remained so long unknown? 3),而它是如何在如此庞大的能源物质商店仍然不明这么久? In my experience, a specimen of radium chloride is dissolved in water and the liquid is then evaporated. Bringing this compound back to its dry state, as the result of this very simple operation, 根据我的经验,一氯化镭的试样溶于水和液体,然后消失了。使这种化合物回到它的干燥状态,作为这很简单操作的结果,
the radium has lost the greater part of its radioactivity. The penetrating beta and gamma rays completely disappear. The remaining non-penetrating alpha rays will be only one quarter as powerful as they were initially. Then a strange thing happens. Left alone, the radium will spontaneously recover its lost activity. Little by little, day by day, until at the end of a month, it will be no less active than it was before it went into solution. This appears to be in direct conflict with the zealous statement that "radioactivity of radium cannot be affected by any known process." On studying this experiment carefully, we will find that when radium chloride is dissolved in water something escapes into the air. This "something" is intensely radioactive. It diffuses in the air, but will remain if contained within a gas-tight, closed vessel. In short, this "something" is a gas possessing the property of radioactivity to a very intense degree. This gas was called "emanation" in days of old. Today it is called RADON-222. It has a half-life of around 3.8 days. This radon gas is highly radioactive. Thorium releases RADON-220 that is intensely radioactive and has a half-life of around 55.6 seconds. Uranium emits RADON-219, the most intensely radioactive substance, having a half-life of only 3.96 seconds. 镭已失去了其放射性更大的作用。精辟的β和γ射线完全消失。其余非穿透性阿尔法射线将只有四分之一的强大,他们最初。然后,一个奇怪的事情发生。独自的镭会自发地恢复其失去的活动。一点点,每一天,直到一月底,这将是不弱于它才得以解决了。这似乎与热心的声明,即“镭的放射性不能由任何已知的过程中受影响的直接冲突。”在仔细研究这个实验,我们会发现,当氯化镭在水中溶解的东西逃离到空气中。这个“东西”是强烈的辐射。它在空气中扩散,但仍将如果包含在不透气的,封闭的容器。总之,这“东西”,是一种气体具有放射性的属性设置为一个非常激烈的程度。这种气体被称为“流溢在旧时代”。今天,它被称为 氡- 222。它的半衰期为3.8天左右的生活。这氡气是高放射性。钍发布 氡- 220 这是强烈放射性,具有半左右55.6秒生活。铀发出 氡- 219最强烈的放射性物质,具有半衰期只有3.96秒。 Radon that has been separated from its parent source will rapidly decay. It is easy enough to conclude from this experiment that energy is stored within the radium atom. This accounts for the comparatively rapid decay of the activity of the generated radon gas. This gas is depleting its internal store of energy so rapidly that it is soon exhausted. On the other hand how is the gradual recovery of the radioactivity of the parent radium explained? This question is the golden key to unlocking the secret of its power. 氡已脱离其母公司源会迅速衰减。这是很容易得出结论说能源是在镭原子存储实验。为生成的氡气活性衰减较快的原因。这种气体的能源消耗其内部存储,以便迅速,很快就用尽。另一方面,又是根据父镭放射性逐步复苏解释?这个问题是金钥匙开锁其权力的秘密。 If it is true that energy comes from within, as large as the store of energy within the atom must be to explain its radioactivity, yet it cannot be infinite. Therefore, it is expected that the activity will slowly decay with the passing of time. Two radioactive bodies, one much more radioactive than the other, are compared together. It is expected that the activity of the more powerful body will decay faster than that of the other. A time will come for both of these substances, when the internal stores of energy are exhausted, that the radioactivity will come to an end. Therefore, radium, a substance containing the store of energy, can no longer be radium when the energy is lost. Coal is not coal after it is burnt. When energy is obtained from matter, the matter changes. Before it can be restored to its former state, the energy evolved must be put back. In no case, is it possible for matter to part with its store of chemical energy and remain the same, otherwise perpetual motion could be easily constructed. 如果这是真的,能量来自内部,一样大的能量原子内的商店必须解释其放射性,但它不能是无限的。因此,预计该活动会慢慢衰减与时间的推移。两个放射性机构,一个更比其他放射性物质,比较起来。预计的更强大的机构的活动将衰变比其他的快。一时间会为这些物质,当能量内部商店都用尽,即放射性将告一段落。因此,镭,物质含有的能量存储,再也不能当能量丢失镭。煤炭是煤炭燃烧后它。当能量是从物质,这件事的变化。然后才可以恢复到以前的状态,能源发展必须放在第一位。在任何情况下,是否有可能与化学能量储存和保持不变,否则永动机可以很容易地构建了事情的一部分。 We conclude that, if the energy is stored in the radium, it must be within the atom. Therefore, if radium changes, it must be a change of the atom and of the element itself. This change would be its ultra-chemical reaction. This is a more fundamental and deep-seated change than the normal chemistry or any known kind of material change. Until the discovery of radioactivity, such changes certainly had never been observed. If the energy of radium comes from within, then it must be subjected to this ultra-chemistry that has eluded the chemist. This process of ultra-chemistry must be understood as a special extension of chemistry. It is not some vaguely possible, transcendental nuclear condition in the Sun and stars. Once this is understood, the answers will become as sure as the nose on your face. 我们的结论是,如果能量是镭存储,它必须在原子。因此,如果镭变化,它必须是一个原子的变化和自身的因素。这种变化将是其超化学反应。这是一个更基本的和深层次的变化比正常化学或任何重大变动而著称。直到发现放射性,当然从来没有观察到这种变化。如果镭能量来自内部,那么它必须受到这种超化学的化学家始终无法实现。这种超过程化学必须被理解为一种特殊的化学延伸。它不是可能有些模糊,先验在太阳和恒星的核条件。一旦这样理解,答案将是肯定的鼻子上你的脸。 Imagine that a month has passed. The radium chloride is once again dissolved in water and evaporated down to dryness exactly as before. Once more you will find in the process, that the radium has lost the same large proportion of its radioactivity. Again it gains a new amount of radon gas no less than before it went into solution. Repeat this experiment as often as you like. You will find the result always the same. The radon that you separate from the radium is decaying away from day to day. But the radium will also generate a spontaneous fresh new batch of radon. In order to make sense of this, we have to answer these nagging questions; "from where does the energy of radium come?" Does it come from nowhere, or is it being newly created out of nothing? This is a view that is not acceptable for a plausible twenty-first-century physical science. 想象一下,一个月过去了。镭氯再次溶于水和蒸发到干燥前完全一样。再次你会发现在这个过程中,该镭已经失去了同其放射性很大比例。这又获得了一个新的氡气量不低于才得以解决了。重复这个实验中尽可能多你喜欢。你会发现结果都是一样的。氡是您从不同的是腐朽的镭远离每天。但是,镭也将产生一种自发的新一批新的氡气。为了使这个意义上,我们必须回答这些烦人的问题,“从哪里来的镭能量?”它从天上掉下来,或正新设立的无中生有?这是一个观点是不接受一个似是而非的二十一世纪的物理科学。 If our doctrines of energy are true, then there are only two possible answers to consider. Either the energy must be derived from within the radium, or it must be supplied from elsewhere. This simple narrowing down of all the possible answers may appear to you somewhat simplistic, but in reality, it carries with it far more than appears on the surface. Being a minute property of the element, radioactivity is therefore a property of the atom. If we say that the energy comes from within, this means that there must exist an enormous and not previously suspected store of energy in matter, or at least in radioactive matter. 如果我们的能源理论属实,那么只有两个可能的答案考虑。无论是能源必须来自内部的镭,或者必须从其他地方提供的。这个简单的收窄所有可能的答案,你可能会出现有些简单,但在现实中,它伴随着远比表面上出现。作为一个元素分钟的财产,因此,放射性原子的财产。如果我们说的能量从内心来说,这意味着必须存在一个巨大的,而不是此前怀疑能源的问题,或者至少是在放射性物质的储存。 Dr. Moray often advanced the theory that radium acts merely as a transforming mechanism, that it converts the cosmic rays into electrical particles. He states that it retransmits energy in a form that we recognize. Tesla also entertained this view. There are electrical transformers dotted all over our country receiving transmitted but dangerous high-tension currents from the central power station. These are "transformed" into comparatively safe, low-tension currents for your house. Are the atoms of radium acting as the transformers of a mysterious and unknown source of external energy, first receiving it and then delivering it up again in a form that can be recognized? It may be said that so vague a view, postulating the existence of limitless and mysterious supplies of omnipresent energy, cannot be directly disproved. One thing is for certain; this view provides a way of escape from some of the more distasteful "logical" assertions, namely that all forms of energy are stored within the atoms and molecules. 马里博士常先进的理论,镭行为仅仅看作是转变机制,它转换成电力的宇宙射线粒子。他说,它重新传输的形式,我们认识到能源。特斯拉也受理这一观点。有星罗棋布的变压器在我国所有接受中央电站传染,但危险的高压电流。这些是“转化”到较为安全的,低为您的房子紧张电流。是作为对外部能源的神秘和未知的源变压器代理镭的原子,首先接受它,然后它在提供一种可以识别的形式呢?这可以说,如此模糊的看法,去想无限的神秘无处不存在能源供应,不能直接反驳。有一点是肯定的:这种观点提供从更令人反感的“逻辑”的说法有些逃跑的方式,即所有形式的能源是在原子和分子中。
If radium owes its activity to an energy source outside itself, one has only to isolate it. We have seen that to quench radioactivity, or to modify it in any way is one of the things mainstream science cannot do. 如果镭归功于其活动本身的外部能量来源,1只孤立。我们看到,为了解渴放射性,或任何方式修改它是主流科学的事情不能做。 An experiment has proven that even in its natural state in the mine, hundreds of feet deep down in the Earth, pitchblende exhibits its normal radioactivity. Over 100 years ago, scientists concluded that some sort of radiation must exist in the atmosphere. This conclusion arises because under all circumstances, air is found to be have a slight positive concentration of ionized particles. The atoms are minus an electron. This radiation is constantly much stronger at high altitudes than at the Earth's surface. This leads us to conclude that such radiation does not originate on this planet but rather from somewhere in the outer regions of space. The fact that the intensity of this radiation does not increase during daylight hours eliminates the sun as its source. Also, the intensity does not decrease during the day or increase by night, therefore it cannot be a result of any particular group of stars. 实验证明,即使在自然状态下的地雷,数百英尺深处地球,沥青铀矿放射性展品正常。 100多年前,科学家得出结论,一些类型的辐射必须存在于大气中。这一结论的原因在于在任何情况下,空气被发现有少许积极电离粒子浓度。减去的原子的电子。这种辐射不断强很多不是在地球表面的高度。这使我们得出结论,这种辐射并不来自这个星球上,而是来自于外太空,而不是地区某处。事实上,这种辐射强度不增加白天消除了作为其源的太阳。此外,强度不会降低白天或黑夜的增加,因此它不能成为任何特定群体的恒星的结果。
Spontaneous Decay
Does not the "free emanating" state of a salt of radium teach anything about its decay mechanism? Results obtained by Dr. Alois Gaschler and Otto Hahn in the 1920's proved conclusively that when radium becomes finely divided, it most readily emits radon. This teaches us that radioactive change is effected by confinement. How many scientists have paid attention to this all-important lesson? Is it actually the true mechanism behind what is being called "fission?" 自发衰变
不“自由产生一种镭盐”国家教书,有关其衰变机制?博士阿洛伊斯加施勒和哈恩在1920年取得的证明,委员会认为,当镭成为精细分割,它最容易放出氡气的结果。这告诉我们,放射性变化是由分娩影响。多少科学家注意这方面的所有重要教训?它实际上是背后究竟是所谓的“裂变真正的机制呢?”
It is in my humble educated opinion that the seat of radioactivity is due to radon gas trapped within the lattice of certain heavy metals. The best comparison that I can think of is coal and the stored hydrogen gas within its lattice. Its stored hydrogen reserve reacts with oxygen transforming these two gasses into H2O with the release of heat. The carbon contained in the coal also reacts with oxygen when a high enough heat is generated from the hydrogen reaction and combustion occurs, transforming the carbon and oxygen into CO2. Pretty much the same fundamental principle must occur when radon gas is released from its heavy metal prison. The reactant in this later case is a neutron from a previous radon gas emission. Radon reacts with a metal, losing a neutron to it. When this occurs, the radon becomes highly unstable, emitting alpha particles and rapidly transforming into stable lead. From this reaction it is clear that radon is not as inert as we were lead to believe. In fact, I say that radon is at the very foundation of nuclear reactions. 正是席位放射性氡气,由于在某些重金属格被困在愚见教育的意见。最好的比较,我能想到的是煤和其晶格内储存的氢气。它的存储与氢发生反应储备转化为水与热气体释放这两个氧气。在煤中的碳发生反应时,还不够高,热量是从氢反应,生成氧气发生燃烧,转化为二氧化碳的碳和氧。大致相同的基本原则时,必须进行氡气是从监狱释放的重金属。在这种情况下后来物是从以前的氡气体排放量的中子。氡与金属发生反应,失去了一个中子它。当发生这种情况,氡变得极不稳定,发射α粒子,并迅速转化为稳定的领导。从这个反应很清楚,氡作为惰性不是因为我们会相信。事实上,我说,氡在核反应中的基础。 Since the discovery of radium by Madame Curie, the fundamental method of its extraction has not changed. The process utilizes the same methods that were instituted by Madame Curie and M. Debierne. Radioactive ores are first treated with a warm solution of hydrochloric acid that dissolves the metals. The addition of sulfuric acid precipitates the insoluble barite's that are always present, carrying along with them all the radium as barium sulfate. It is necessary that barium is present in the process. If the solution does not contain a sufficient quantity, then some barium has to be added. It is said that the barium acts as a "carrier" to the radium. Can there be any other explanation? It never made much sense to me why the radium would not precipitate out without the barium. I simply could not accept the notion that it acted as the carrier. The answer to this problem becomes relatively simple if you let Nature be your teacher. Forget what the textbooks tell you. We know from her lessons that radiation can be induced into non-radioactive elements, do we not? Could it be then, that something in the separated hydrochloric solution is transforming the barium into what we call radium? Ala-ka-zam, low and behold, there sure is, it is called URANIUM–235. 由于镭的居里夫人,其提取的基本方法,发现并没有改变。该工艺采用的是由居里夫人和M. Debierne实行相同的方法。放射性矿石首先进行治疗的盐酸溶解的金属温暖的解决方案。在硫酸除了不溶性沉淀重晶石的是总是存在的,船上载有所有这些为硫酸钡镭。这是必要的钡,是目前在这个过程。如果解决方案不包含足够的数量,然后一些钡,必须增加。有人说,钡作为“承运人”的镭行为。不可能有任何其他的解释呢?它从来没有多大意义的,我为什么不镭没有钡沉淀出来。我简直无法接受的概念,它为载体采取行动。对这个问题的答案变得相对简单,如果让自然成为你的老师。忘记告诉你的教科书。我们知道她的辐射可以诱导成非放射性元素,教训我们不?难道那么,在盐酸溶液分离转变为东西是我们所说的镭钡?丙氨酸家赞,低,你看,可以肯定的是,它称为 铀-235。 Nu Radium Formula 奴镭公式 Radium may be synthetically manufactured by fusing dry uranium nitrate mixed with about 0.5% of dry barium nitrate. This is done in the heat of an electric arc. The mass is then treated with nitric acid, water and sulfuric acid, successively. Radioactive barium sulfate, possessing all the physical properties of the "element" discovered by Madame Curie, is obtained by this formula. This material will emit ultra-violet rays, x-rays, excite phosphor screens and cause air to conduct electricity. The chloride and the carbonate of radium may also be created by using uranium chloride or uranium carbonate respectively and will have the same properties. 镭可合成制造的融合干硝酸铀约0.5%,硝酸钡干混。这样做是一个电弧热量。群众然后用硝酸处理,水和硫酸,先后。放射性硫酸钡,拥有的所有“元素由居里夫人发现的”物理性质,是得到了这个公式。这种材料发出的紫外线,X射线,激发荧光屏幕,造成空气进行发电。氯化物和碳酸盐的镭也可以由使用氯化铀或铀碳酸分别将具有相同的属性。 Uranium nitrate typically contains about 0.72 per cent U235. The barium reacts with the U235 creating pure radium. Take note here that this is an ultra-chemical reaction and that the barium is not a carrier as has been believed. Best results are obtained when 0.72 per cent barium is added, making it equal or less than the amount of U235 contained in the nitrate. If sulfuric acid is added after the reaction takes place, then radium sulfate is precipitated. This material can now be filtered for removal from the solution. The synthetically created radium radioisotope results when barium reacts with RADON–219. It can not come into being otherwise. All other radioisotopes may be called into existence by using U235 as the source of energy transformation. There are other processes involved but this will be discussed in a future paper. Radioisotopes created by ultrachemical processes will have far reaching ramifications, if and when it is taken under the wing of mainstream science. Radioisotopes could be made to order literally in a jar. These findings indicate that all radioactive substances originate from the U235 atom. Now the question arises; where did the U235 atom originate? I can only speculate at this point that it is created when a cosmic ray hits a stable U238 atom head-on. If my conclusions turn out to be correct, then the energy stored in radiant matter is a product of an external cosmic force and an internal force without contradiction. 硝酸铀通常包含约百分之0.72 U235。钡反应与创造纯镭U235。在这里注意到,这是一个超化学反应,而并非如钡一直认为承运人。取得最好的结果是百分之0.72时,加入钡,使它等于或小于数量较少的U235在硝酸中。如果添加硫酸反应后发生,那么镭沉淀硫酸。这种材料现在可以过滤解决方案,从消除。综合创建的结果时,镭放射性同位素与氡反应钡- 219。它不能以其他方式生效。 所有其他放射性同位素可能被利用的生存状态作为能源转换来源U235。 还有其他一些程序所涉及,但是这将是在未来的论文进行讨论。由ultrachemical进程将产生深远影响放射性同位素,如该方案由科学部已采取的主流。放射性同位素可以定做字面的罐子。这些结果表明,所有放射性物质源于U235原子。现在的问题是,谁知道U235原子起源的?我只能推测,它在这个时创建的宇宙射线撞击一个稳定的U238原子迎头点。如果变成我的结论是正确的,那么,能量辐射物质存储的是外部宇宙力量的产品,没有矛盾的内在动力。
Clean Nuclear Reactors
Mother Nature offers us a clean nuclear process to supply the World with energy. My reasoning is based upon her process that leaves behind a clean, non-toxic ash. You have seen it in children's balloons at birthday parties. The inert gas that I am referring to here is called "helium." When I shine ultraviolet light onto a radioactive ore, the trapped helium gas will fluoresce a lime-green. The only ash, left behind by Nature’s process, is what is seen under the ultraviolet lamp. There are no deadly radio toxins like the ones found in the commercial reactor. It makes all the difference in creation how the reaction is carried out and for what purpose. I will also tell you that eating radium, like the women did who painted the glow-in-the-dark watch and clock dials will create serious health problems. A little common sense goes a long way. 清洁核反应堆
大自然为我们提供了一个干净的核进程供应与能源的世界。我的推理是基于她的过程,后面留下一个干净,无毒灰。你已经看到孩子的生日派对气球它。惰性气体,我这里指的是所谓的“氦”。当我照到一个放射性矿紫外线,被困氦气将荧光灰绿色。唯一的灰烬,留下的自然的过程背后,是正在出现的紫外线灯。没有类似的致命毒素发现电台在商业核反应堆。它使所有创作的差异如何反应进行抢修,目的是什么。我还告诉你,吃镭,如妇女没有谁画的夜光在黑暗中,钟表表盘会造成严重的健康问题。稍具常识的走一段很长的路。 The commercial nuclear reactor releases excessive amounts of neutrons. This is a direct result of the reaction of RADON–219 with the zircalloy fuel rod casing. It is highly likely that we can design reactors that will release only pure electrical particles in place of the toxic radioisotopes created by stray neutrons. Why not build clean reactors that do not generate excessive neutron release? Maybe it is because this is not presently perceived by mainstream science? Knowing the true facts makes it a relatively simple matter to acquire a cleaner burning reaction. The only major modification in reactor design is to find a more suitable fuel rod casing. Eliminate the excess neutrons and you will have a clean burn. 商业核反应堆中子释放出过量。这是氡对反应的直接结果与zircalloy燃料棒套管219。很有可能,我们可以设计反应堆,将释放所造成的流浪中子同位素有毒,唯一的纯电动粒子。为什么不建立清洁反应堆不会产生过多的中子释放?也许是因为这不是目前的主流科学界认为?知道了事实真相使一个相对简单的事情获得更清洁的燃烧反应。唯一的反应堆设计的主要修改是,找到一个比较合适的燃料棒外壳。消除多余的中子,您将有一个清洁的燃烧。 Are Neutrons What Really Cause Fission? 中子是裂变真正原因?
1. Alpha bombardment of any element with atomic numbers from 1 through 15 will generate a new and stable element that will release one excess neutron from the reaction. 2. Neutron bombardment of any stable element from 16 and above will generate a new and unstable element by capturing neutrons. One or more neutrons are released from the reaction.The targeted element will gain the weight of the absorbed neutrons. 3. Neutron bombardment of an unstable element generates one helium–4 atom from each reaction. The atomic weight of the targeted element looses the weight of one helium–4 atom as a result of the reaction. 1。阿尔法轰击任何原子序数从1元到15将产生一个新的稳定因素,将释放过量的反应之一中子。 2。中子轰击任何稳定的元素,从16点或以上会产生新的不稳定因素通过捕获中子。一个或多个中子被释放的reaction.The元素将获得有针对性的吸收中子的重量。 3。中子轰击的不稳定因素产生一个氦- 4从每个原子的反应。对目标元素的原子量射向一个氦4,作为反应,结果原子的重量。 From these three facts, it is not too hard to figure out that the "moderator" in a commercial nuclear reactor is actually what initially supplies the required neutrons for a "fission reaction." The excess neutrons created are what react with a "fissile fuel" that creates a secondary reaction. The release of thermal energy is a by-product. Scientists of yesteryear had these facts straight. Why are present day nuclear theories so off course? It will only be when these facts resurface that advances will be made in the way we obtain energy. 从以上3个事实,这不是太难的数字说,“主持人”的商业核反应堆其实这是最初提供的“裂变反应所需的中子。”创建的超额中子什么的“裂变燃料”,创建一个二次反应的反应。的热能量的释放,是一种副产品。昔日的科学家们这些事实连败。为什么当今核理论偏离方向呢?它只会是当这些事实的进展将重新出现在了我们的获取能量的。
CONCLUSION
The devices that I have presented at public tests do not contain radioactive materials for obvious reasons. However, the underlying principles have been adequately demonstrated. I have used starmode electrodes in the past to slowly discharge the capacitors in a prototype device. Advanced discharge systems are now being utilized. In 1995 I discovered ion valve circuits that are now being used in my most recent prototype. Even though these public tests have not contained radioactive material, my research has been validated. 结论
我所提出的公开测试,在不包含显而易见的原因放射性物质的设备。但是,基本原则已被充分证明。我用过去慢慢履行的原型设备电容器starmode电极。先进的排放系统,现正利用。 1995年,我发现离子阀是我目前正在使用的最新原型电路。虽然这些公共测试不包含放射性物质,我的研究已得到证实。
Funding has not permitted me to build a device that can power a home or electric car. However, my prototypes have proven beyond doubt that with the proper funding this can be accomplished. It is my hope, through the publication of my findings, that funding will be forthcoming. At this point in time, it is most important to me that I receive credit for my for work and that my research discoveries do not fall on deaf ears. 资金也不允许我做的设备,可用于家庭或电动车。然而,我国的原型系统已毋庸置疑地证明了用适当的资金本可以完成。我希望通过我的调查结果公布,该资金将很快到来。在这个时候来看,最重要的是我,我接受我的工作,而我的研究发现不属于充耳不闻信贷。
Public tests are performed as necessary to validate the technologies. These demonstrations are deemed as research and development tests only. No power claims are expressed or implied. 公共测试是必要的技术验证。这些示威活动,已被视为研究和开发测试而已。无权索赔明示或暗示的。 For almost fifteen years now I have carried out many experiments. The fruits of this research are ripening. Many fruits are within grasp but they are not yet quite ripe for the picking. The intent of revealing my progress to the World is to insure that this work is not done in vain. Through my writings I have attempted to explain the many facets of "radiant energy" and how it is possible to draw useable power from it. If radiant energy can be given to the World then humankind will have the potential to reach heights not yet dreamed or conceived. Today, I freely give to you the results of my life's work. Together we can reclaim our independence! 在将近15年的现在,我已进行了多项实验。这项研究的果实成熟。许多水果都在掌握之中,但他们还没有完全成熟的采摘。显示我的进步对世界的目的是保证这项工作不虚做。通过我的我试图解释“辐射能量的”许多方面,以及如何可以从中可用功率著作。如果辐射能量可以给世界那么人类将有可能达到的高度还没有梦想或设想。今天,我给你自由地对我一生的工作的结果。齐心协力,我们就能收回我们的独立!
REFERENCES
Winsor, "Nuclear Scare Scam" – lecture
"Radiations from Radioactive Substances" by Sir E. Rutherford, J. Chadwick, and C. D. Ellis 1930
Rentschler, A. I. E. E. 1930, p. 49 & p. 576
Hauser and Vahle, Strahlentherapie, 1921, p. 13 & p. 41
"The Interpretation of Radium and the Structure of the Atom" by Frederick Soddy, M.A., F.R.S. 1920
Annual Report of the Smithsonian Institution (1899) "An Experimental Study of Radio-active Substances" p.162
United States Patent No. 1,644,370 A. Gaschler – Oct. 3, 1927
United States Patent No. 1,655,184 Otto Haun – Jan 3, 1928 参考
温莎,“核吓跑诈骗” -演讲
“辐射的放射性物质”卢瑟福爵士,J.查德威克,埃利斯1930年和CD
伦奇勒,大肠杆菌大肠杆菌答:一,1930年,第49&山口576
豪泽和法勒,放射疗法,1921年,第13&山口41
他说:“释义及镭的原子结构”的弗雷德里克索迪,马时,FRS 1920年
年报史密森学会(1899年)“一个电台的实验研究活性物质的”临162
美国专利号:1644370答:加施勒- 1927年10月3日
美国专利号1655184奥托苏源- 1928年1月3日
HISTORICAL COMMENTARY
Tesla's last ten years of his life, 1933 - 1943, contrary to popular belief, were his most productive years in his private laboratory located on Canadian soil. This was communicated to me through his last known living assistant, Arthur H. Matthews, E.E., and B.Sc. before he passed away in 1986. He also revealed to me that special primary batteries with replaceable zinc electrodes powered Tesla's electric car. This car also had a "fluid transmission" and could travel at 90 miles per hour. The electric motor could run on the batteries for three hundred miles before you had to pull over and attend to the batteries and then you were on your way for another three hundred miles. Matthews claimed that there were enough spare parts in the trunk to run the car for one year! The performance of this vehicle seems to be impossible. However, the characteristics of Tesla's unidirectional electrical current can generate short duration high-energy that will generate high frequency oscillations when dumped through an inductive coil. This unique principle makes possible many seemingly impossible innovations. It was this principle that was at the very heart of Tesla's Magnifying Transmitter, also known as his "DC transformer" to his assistant Arthur H. Matthews.
历史评注
特斯拉的最后十年的生命,1933年至1943年,普遍的看法相反,是他最有成效的,在他的私人实验室年在加拿大的领土上。这是我通过传达给他的最后为人所知的生活助理,阿瑟马修斯,EE和学士去世前,他在1986年。他还透露,我认为可更换锌动力特斯拉的电动汽车电池电极的特殊小学。这款车也有一个“流体输送”,可以旅行每小时90英里。电动机可以运行为300英里电池之前,你必须停下来,参加的电池,然后你就要被另300英里。马修斯说有足够的主干备件运行一年的赛车!此车的性能,似乎是不可能的。不过,特斯拉的单向电流能够产生短期的高能量,将产生高频时,通过感应线圈倾销振荡的特点。这种独特的原则是使尽可能多的看似不可能的创新。正是这一原则,在特斯拉的放大发射机的核心是,也被他的“直流变压器”,以他的助手阿瑟马修斯众所周知的。
US Patent # 1,540,998 美国专利号1540998
Conversion of Atmospheric Electric Energy 转换大气电能
( 9 June 1925 )
Hermann PLAUSON, OF HAMBURG, GERMANY 赫尔曼PLAUSON,德国汉堡
Application field January 13,1921 Serial NO.437,107. 应用领域1月13,1921编号437,107。
To all whom it may concern:致所有关注的:
Be it known that I, Hermann Plauson, Estonian subject, residing in Hamburg, Germany, have invented certain new and useful improvements in the Conversion of Atmospheric Electric Energy, of which the following is a specification. 无论是知道我,赫尔曼Plauson,爱沙尼亚主题,居住在汉堡,德国,发明了一些新的和有用的大气电能,其中以下是一个规范转换改进。 Methods of obtaining atmospheric electricity by means of metallic nettings set with spikes which are held by means of ordinary or anchored kite balloons made of fabric and filled with hydrogen, are in theory already known. Atmospheric electricity obtained in this way has been suggested to be used in the form of direct current for the charging of accumulators. This knowledge however is at present only theoretical as the conversion in practice has hitherto been a failure. No means are known of protecting the apparatus from destruction by lightning. The balloons used for collecting the charge must also me be made of very large size in order to be able to support the weight of the metallic netting and the heavy cable connections. 获得通过与这些持有的布料制成的普通或停泊风筝气球手段和充满氢气尖峰设置金属网布大气电的方法手段,在理论上已经知道。大气电力这种方式获得的建议已在使用的形式直接电流为蓄电池充电。然而,这只是目前在实践中转化的理论,是迄今是失败的知识。绝不是众所周知雷击保护,从毁灭的机制。至于收取费用所使用的气球,我也必须作出非常大的规模,以便能够支持重量的金属网和沉重的电缆连接。 Instead of using heavy metallic netting as collectors attached to single air ballons of non-conducting materials which are liable to be torn and are permeable to the gas, it is proposed to use metallic balloon collectors which have the following important advantages --- 而不是使用重型金属网来收集,重视非空气气球单导电材料,这些材料可被撕裂,并渗透到煤气,建议使用金属气球收集有以下重要的优势--- (a) The metallic cases are impenetrable to helium and hydrogen; they also represent large metallic weather-proof collecting surfaces. (a)金属案件坚不可摧的氦气和氢气,他们还代表大金属防风雨收集表面。 (b) Radio active means the like may be easily applied internally or externally; whereby the ionization is considerable increased and therewith also the quantity of atmospheric electricity capable of being collected. (b)在电台积极指可轻易适用于内部或外部一样,即是相当大的电离与此相关还增加了大气电力能够收集量。 (c) Such balloon collectors of light metal do not require to be of large size as they have to carry only their own moderate weight, and that of the conducting cable or wire. (c)轻金属气球收集这种不需要成为大型因为他们只能携带自己的体重适中,而且是进行电缆和电线。 (d) The entire system therefore offers little surface for the action of storm and wind and is resistant and stable. (d)因此,整个系统提供的风暴,风力小的行动表面,抗稳定。 (e) Each balloon can be easily raised and lowered by means of a winch so that all repairs, recharging and the like can be carried out without danger during the operation. (e)每个气球可以很容易地提高,降低了绞车手段,使所有的维修,补给等,而无需担心生命危险在行动中。
It is further proposed to use a collecting aerial network of several separate collectors spread out in the air above the earth, which collectors are interconnected by electrical conductors. 还建议使用收集的传播在上面的地球,而收藏家是导电体,相互独立的空调出一些收藏家的空中网络。 According to this invention charges of atmospheric electricity are not directly converted into mechanical energy, and this forms the main difference from previous inventions, but the static electricity which runs to earth through aerial conductors in the form of direct current of very high voltage and low current strength is converted into electro-dynamic energy in the form of high frequency vibrations. Many advantages are thereby obtained and all disadvantages avoided. 根据大气电本发明的收费不会直接转化为机械能,这形成了以前发明的主要区别,但静电地球的运行,通过在空中的形式,直接指挥高电压和低电流电流实力转化为电的高频振动形式的动态能量。许多优势,从而获得所有缺点避免。 The very high voltage of static electricity of a low current strength can be converted by this invention to voltages more suitable for technical purposes and of greater strength. By the use of closed oscillatory circuits it is possible to obtain electromagnetic waves of various amplitude and thereby to increase the degree of resonance of such current. Such resonance allows various values of inductance to be chosen whereby again the governing of the starting and stopping of machines driven thereby by simply tuning the resonance between coils of the machine and the transformer circuit forming the resonance can easily be obtained. Further, such currents have the property of being directly available for various uses, even without employing them for driving motors, of which there may be particularly mentioned, lighting, production of heat and use in electro-chemistry. 在低电流强度很高的静电电压可转换为电压本发明的目的,因技术和更大的力量,合适的。截至收盘,有可能得到不同幅度的电磁波,从而增加共振度振荡电路使用这种电流。这种共振电感允许各种价值观,即要再次选择的开始和推动只需微调机之间的线圈和变压器电路形成共鸣共振,从而阻止机器可以很容易地得到治理。此外,这种电流有被直接提供各种用途的财产,即使没有聘用用于驱动电机,其中可能有特别提到,他们照明,生产热和电的使用化学。 Further, with such currents a series of apparatus may be fed without direct current supply through conductors and also the electro-magnetic high frequency currents may be converted by means of special motors adapted for electro-magnetic oscillations into mechanical energy, or finally converted by special machines into alternating current of low frequency or even into direct current of high potential. 此外,与器具等一系列电流可能没有直接通过喂食导体电流供应,也是电磁高频电流,可能会被转换为电的适应特殊电机电磁振荡方式为机械能,改建,还是最终由特别机器将交流电低频甚至可能演变成直流电高的潜力。 The invention is more particularly described with reference to the accompanying diagrams in which: --- 这项发明是较详细地描述参照中所附图表:--- Figure 1 is and explanatory figure. 图1是和解释性的数字。 Figure 2 is a diagrammatic view of the simplest form. 图2是一个最简单的形式图解视图。 Figure 3 shows a method of converting atmospheric electrical energy for use with motors. 图3显示了转换与马达使用大气电能的方法。 Figure 4 is a diagram showing the use of protective means. 图4是一个图表显示了保护手段。 Figure 5 is a diagram of an arrangement for converting large current strengths. 图5是图的安排大电流转换为优势。 Figure 6 is a diagram of an arrangement including controlling means. 图6是一个包括控制手段的安排图。 Figure 7 shows means whereby the spark gap length can be adjusted. 图7显示手段,以便火花隙长度可以调整。 Figure 8 shows a unipolar connection for the motor. 图8显示了单极电机连接。 Figure 9 shows a weak coupled system suitable for use with small power motors. 图9显示了弱耦合系统的小功率电动机使用。 Figures 10, 11, and 12 show modified arrangements. 图10,11和12显示修改的安排。 Figure 13 shows a form of inductive coupling for the motor circuit. 图13显示了电感耦合电机的电路形式。 Figure 14 is a modified form of Figure 13 with inductive coupling. 图14是图13电感耦合修改形式。 Figure 15 is an arrangement with non-inductive motor. 图15是一个非感应电机安排。 Figure 16 is an arrangement with coupling by condenser. 图16是由电容耦合的安排。 Figure 17, 18, and 19 are diagrams of further modifications. 图17,18和19人的进一步修改图表。 Figure 20 shows a simple form in which the serial network is combined with special collectors. 图20显示了一个简单的形式,其中串行网络与特殊收藏家结合起来。 Figure 21 shows diagrammatically an arrangement suitable for collecting large quantities of energy. 图21显示概略安排收集大量的能源合适。 Figure 22 is a modified arrangement having two rings of collectors. 图22是修改后的安排,有两个环的收藏家。 Figure 23 shows the connection for three rings of collectors. 图23显示了三个环连接的收藏家。 Figure 24 shows a collecting balloon and diagram of its connection of condenser batteries. 图24显示了一个气球,并收集其冷凝器电池连接图。 Figure 25 and 26 show modified collector balloon arrangements. 图25和26显示修改收藏家气球安排。 Figure 27 shows a second method of connecting conductor for the balloon aerials. 图27显示了连接天线的气球指挥第二种方法。 Figure 28 shows an auto-transformer method of connection. 图28显示了一个自动连接的变压器的方法。 Figure 29 shows the simplest form of construction with incandescent cathode. 图29显示了白炽灯阴极建造最简单的形式。 Figure 30 shows a form with cigar shaped balloon. 图30显示了一个雪茄形气球的形式。 Figure 31 is a modified arrangement. 图31是修改后的安排。 Figure 32 shows a form with cathode and electrode enclosed in a vacuum chamber. 图32显示了一个形式和阴极电极的真空室封闭。 Figure 33 is a modified form of Figure 32. 图33是图32修改形式。 Figure 34 shows an arc light collector. 图34显示了弧光收藏家。 Figure 35 shows such an arrangement for alternating current. 图35显示了交流电这样的安排。 Figure 36 shows an incandescent collector with Nernst lamp. 图36显示了与能斯特灯白炽灯收藏家。 Figure 37 shows a form with a gas flame. 图37显示了一个天然气火焰的形式。
Figure 1 illustrates a simple diagram for converting static electricity into dynamic power of a high number of oscillations. For the sake of clearness in the drawings an influence machine is assumed to be employed and not an aerial antenna. 13 and 14 are combs for collecting the static electricity of the influence machine. 7 and 8 are spark discharging electrodes. 5 and 6 are condensers, 9 an inductive primary coil, 10 secondary coil, 11 and 12 ends of conductors of the secondary coil 10. When the disc of the static influence machine is rotated by mechanical means, the combs collect the electric charges one the positive and the other the negative, and charge the condensers 5 and 6 until such a high potential is formed across the spark gap 7-8, that the spark gap is jumped. As the spark gap 7-8 forms a closed circuit with condensers 5 and 6, and inductive resistance 9, as is well known, waves of high frequency electromagnetic oscillations will pass in this circuit.
图1说明了转换成一个振荡的动态功耗大量静电一个简单的图。为了明晰的影响力在一机被假定为就业,而不是为了空中天线图纸。 13和14是收集机的影响力静电梳子。 7和8火花放电电极。 5和6的冷凝器,9归纳初级线圈,次级线圈10,11和12的次级线圈10导体结束。当机器的静态影响光盘旋转机械手段,直至如此高的潜力,梳子收取电费之一,积极与其他的负面的,负责冷凝器5和第6,是全国成立的火花隙7-8 ,该火花差距跳下。由于火花隙7-8形成与冷凝器5和第6封闭的电路,感应电阻9,众所周知,高频波的电磁振荡将通过在这条赛道上。
The high frequency of the oscillations produced in the primary circuit induces waves of the same periodicity in the secondary circuit. Thus in the primary circuit electromagnetic oscillations are formed by the passage of the spark over the spark gap and these waves are maintained by fresh charges of static electricity. 在主电路中产生的振荡高频诱导的二回路同一时间周期波。因此,主电路中的电磁振动是由对火花隙火花通过和这些波浪所形成的保持新鲜的静电收费。
By suitably selecting the ratio between the number of the coils in the primary and secondary circuits with regard to a correct application of the co-efficients of resonance (especially, inductance and resistance) the high voltage of the primary circuit may be suitably converted into low voltage and high current strength. 通过适当选择方面的合作的正确应用程序之间的在小学和中学电路的线圈数比率的共振efficients(特别是,电感和电阻)的主电路中的高电压,可适当地转换成低电压和高电流强度。
When the oscillatory discharges in the primary circuit becomes weaker or entirely cease, the condensers are charged again by the static electricity until the accumulated charge again breaks down the spark gap. All this is repeated as long as electricity is produced by the static machine employing mechanical energy. 当主电路中的振荡排放变得弱或完全停止,冷凝器的收费,直至静电电荷的积累再次打破了火花隙。所有这一切,只要重复的电力是由静态机采用机械能产生的。
An elementary form of the invention is shown in Figure 2 in which two spark gaps in parallel are used one of which may be termed the working gap 7 in Figure 2, whilst the second serves as a safety device for excess voltage and consists of a larger number of spark gaps than the working section, which gaps are arranged in series and are bridged by very small capacities as is illustrated in a, b, c, Figure 2 which allow of uniform sparking in the safety section. 一项发明基本形式显示在图2中,两名火花差距,同时使用其中一个可称为工作差距,图2 7,而第二,作为过电压的安全设备和服务由一个更大的数量比工作部分,这差距在系列火花差距和安排是由非常小的能力,弥补由于是在A,B,说明荤,图2是在统一的安全引发了部分允许。
In Figure 2 A is the aerial antenna for collecting charges of atmospheric electricity. 13 is the earth connection of the second part of the spark gap, 5 and 6 are condensers, 9 a primary coil. Now when through the aerial A the positive atmospheric electricity seeks to combine with the negative charge to earth, this is prevented by (the air gap between) the spark gaps. The resistance of the spark gap 7 is, as shown in the drawings, lower than that of the other safety section which consists of three spark gaps connected in series, and consequently a three times greater air resistance is offered by the latter. 在图2中A是收集大气电费空中天线。 13是对火花隙,5第二部分接地和6冷凝器,9日初级线圈。现在,当通过空中A的积极大气电力旨在结合起来,负电荷的地球,这是阻止(空气之间的差距)的火花差距。该火花间隙7阻力,如在图纸,比其他安全的一段,在3个串联的火花的差距由低,因此3倍的空气阻力是由后者提供的。
So long, therefore, as the resistance of the spark gap 7 is not overloaded, so that the other spark gaps have an equal resistance with it the discharges take place only over spark gap 7. Should however the voltage be increased by and influences so that it might be dangerous for charging the condensers 5 and 6 or for the coil insulation 9 and 10 in consequence of break down, by a correct regulation of this spark gap the second spark gap can discharge free from inductive effects direct to earth without endangering the machine.
这么长时间,因此,作为火花隙7阻力不会超载,从而使其他的火花差距与它的平等性,唯一的排放采取了火花隙7。然而,如果电压增加和影响等,这可能是电容器充电5和危险的6或线圈绝缘9和10人打破的后果,由本火花隙第二火花隙能正确履行监管摆脱诱导效应,而不会危及机直接向地球。
Without this second spark gap, arranged in parallel having a higher resistance than the working spark gap it is impossible to collect and render available large quantities of electrical energy. 如果没有这第二次火花隙,同时安排有一个比工作火花隙是不可能的收集和提供的电能提供大量的特性。
The actions of this closed oscillation circuit consisting of spark gap 7, two condensers 5 and 6, primary coil 9, and also secondary coil 10 is exactly the same as the one described in Figure 1 with the arrangement of the static induction machine with the only difference that here the second spark gap is provided. The electromagnetic high frequency alternating current obtained can be tapped off from the conductors 11 and 12 for lighting and heating purposes. Special kinds of motors adapted for working with these peculiar electrical charges may be connected at 14 and 15 which can work with static electricity charges or with high frequency oscillations. 这种封闭振荡火花隙7组成的电路,两个冷凝器5和6的行动,初级线圈9日,也次级线圈10是完全相同的,如图1所述与静电感应机安排与一个唯一的不同,这里的第二个火花隙提供。电磁高频交流电获得可以利用的从导体11和用于照明和取暖12杆。对这些可能在14和15,可与静电费或高频振荡的连接特殊的电荷工作适应各种特殊电机。
In addition to the use of spark gaps in parallel a second measure of security is also necessary for taking off the current. This precaution consists according to this invention, in the introduction of and method of connecting certain protective electromagnets or choking coils in the aerial circuit as shown by S in Figure 3. 除了火花空白平行的安全使用第二项措施也是必要的起飞的电流。这种预防措施包括根据这一发明,在引进和连接某些保护电磁铁或阻塞在由3秒,如图3所示空中电路线圈的方法。
A single electromagnet only having a core of the thinnest possible separate laminations is connected with the aerial. 单个电磁铁只设立一个独立的叠片可能最薄的核心是连接了空中。
In the case of high voltages in the aerial network or at places where there are frequent thunder storms, several such magnets may however be connected in series. 在航空网络中的案件的高电压或地方有雷雨频繁,几个这样的磁铁可能不过,在串联。
In the case of large units or plants several electromagnets can be employed in parallel or in series parallel. 在大单位或几个电磁铁可以采用并联或串联并联植物案件。
The windings of these electromagnets may be simply connected in series with the aerials. In this case the winding preferably consists of several thin parallel wires, which make up together, the necessary section. 这些电磁铁的绕组单连通可与天线系列。在这种情况下,清盘最好由几个平行的细导线,这使得在一起,必要的部分。
The winding may be made of primary and secondary windings in the form of a transformer. The primary windings will be then connected in series with the aerial network, and the secondary winding more or less short-circuited over a regulating resistance or an induction coil. In the latter case it is possible to regulate to a certain extent the effect of the choking coils. In the further description of the connecting and constructional diagrams the aerial electromagnet choke coil is indicated by a simple ring S. 清盘可能是由初级和次级绕组的变压器的形式。主要绕组然后连接将与空中网的系列节目,和次级绕组或多或少短多调节电阻或感应线圈短路。在后一种情况是有可能的调节在一定程度上影响哽咽线圈。在进一步说明了连接和施工图的空中电磁电感线圈是表明一个简单的环号
Figure 3 shows the simplest way of converting atmospheric electricity into electromagnetic wave energy by the use of special motors adapted for high oscillatory currents or static charges of electrical energy. Recent improvements in motors for working with static charges and motors working by resonance, that is to say, having groups of tuned electromagnetic cooperating circuits render this possible but such do not form part of the present invention. 图3显示了转换成电磁波能量由高振荡电流或电能静电适应特殊电机使用大气电力最简单的方法。在近期的改进电机与静电和马达共振的工作,即具有调谐电磁电路团体渲染合作,工作等此可能,但是不构成本发明的一部分。
A motor adapted to operate with static charges will for the sake of simplicity be diagrammatically indicated by the two semicircles 1 and 2 and the rotor of the motor by a ring M (Figure 3). A is a vertical aerial or aerial network. S the safety choke or electromagnet with coil O as may be seen is connected with the aerial A. Adjacent the electromagnet S the aerial conductor is divided into three circuits, the circuit 8 giving the safety spark gap, the circuit 7 with the working spark gap, and then a circuit including the stator terminal 1, the rotor and stator terminal 2 at which a connection is made to the earth wire. The two spark gaps are also connected metallically with the earth wire. The method of working these diagrams is as follows: 一个发动机适应的运作为简单起见将概略由两个半圆1和2,以及电机转子所指出的一环M(下图3)的静电电荷。 A是一个垂直天线或空中网络。 S的安全噎住或有可能被视为电磁铁线圈的直径是与空中答:相邻电磁铁S的空中指挥分为3个电路,该电路8给予分为安全火花隙连接后,与工作火花隙电路7 ,然后是包括定子端1个电路,转子和定子端2日在这建立连接到地线。这两个火花差距也是连接metallically与地线。在这些图的工作方法如下:
The positive atmospheric electric charge collected tends to combine with the negative electricity (or earth electricity) connected with the earth wire. It travels along the aerial A through the electromagnet S without begin checked as it flows in the same direction as the direct current. Further, its progress is arrested by two sparks gaps placed in the way and the stator condenser surfaces. The stator condenser surfaces are charged until the charge is greater than the resistance of the spark gap 7, whereupon a spark springs over the spark gap 7 and an oscillatory charge is obtained as by means of the motor M, stator surfaces 1 and 2, and spark gap 7, a closed oscillation circuit is obtained for producing the electromagnetic oscillations. The motor here forms the capacity and the necessary inductance and resistance, which, as is well known, are necessary for converting static electricity into electromagnetic wave energy. 积极大气电场所收取的费用往往结合起来,负电(或地球电力)与地线连接。它穿过的S没有开始检查,因为它在同一方向流动的电磁铁沿空中A作为直流。此外,它的进步是由两个火花,被捕的差距放置方式和定子冷凝器表面。定子冷凝器表面的收费,直到收费比火花隙7,于是弹簧的火花在火花隙7和1振荡负责获得电机的M表示为阻力较大,定子表面1和2,以及火花隙7,一个封闭的振荡电路是获得生产电磁振荡。这里的运动形式的能力和必要的电感和电阻,其中众所周知,是转化为电磁波能量静电必要的。
The discharge formed are converted into mechanical energy in special motors and cannot reach the aerial network by reason of the electromagnet or choke. If, however, when a spark springs over the spark gap 7 a greater quantity of atmospheric electricity tends to flow to earth, a counter voltage is induced in the electromagnet, which is greater the more rapidly and strongly the flow of current direct to the earth is. By the formation of this opposing voltage a sufficiently high resistance is offered to the flow of atmospheric electricity direct to earth to prevent a short circuit with the earth. 形成的排放纳入特殊电机机械能转换,不能达到理由电磁铁的或窒息的空中网络。但是,如果当激起人们对火花隙七日电更大的大气质量弹簧往往流向地球,一个计数器电压的电磁铁,这是引起更大的更迅速和强烈的电流直接流与地球是。到本反对电压足够高的电阻是提供给大气直接供电,以防止地球与地短路流的形成。
The circuit containing spark gap 8 having a different wave length which is not in resonance with the natural frequency of the motor, does not endanger the motor and serves as security against excess voltage, which, as practical experiments have shown, may still arise in certain cases, but can be conducted direct to earth through this spark gap. 该电路包含火花隙8具有不同波长的共振是不符合电机的固有频率,不会危及电机及对过电压,正如实际的试验表明,仍然可能出现的某些安全服务个案,但可以对地球进行直接通过这个火花隙。
In the diagram illustrated in Figure 4 the spark gap 7 is shunted across condensers 5 and 6 from the motor M. This construction affords mainly a better insulation of the motor against excess voltage and a uniform excitation through the spark gap 7. 在图4中火花隙7所示的图是架空在冷凝器5和6米的汽车affords通过这种结构的火花隙7主要是对过剩电压和更一致激励电机绝缘。
In Figure 5 a diagram is illustrated for transforming large current strengths which may be employed direct without motors, for example, for lighting or heating purposes. The main difference is that here the spark gap consists of as star shaped disk 7 which can rotate on its own axis and is rotated by a motor opposite similarly fitted electrodes 7a. When separate points of stars face one another, discharges take place, thus forming an oscillation circuit over condensers 5 and 6, and inductance 9 for oscillatory discharges. It is evident that a motor may also be directly connected to the ends of the spiral 9. 在图5所示的图转化大可雇用无直流电动机的优点,例如,用于照明和取暖。主要区别是,这里的火花隙作为星形磁盘7,可旋转自身轴线,由一个装有电极的对面同样第7A发动机旋转组成。当面对不同的要点星彼此发生放电,从而形成了冷凝器5日和6振荡电路,电感为振荡放电9。很明显,汽车也可以直接连接到螺旋9结束。
The construction of the diagram shown in Figure 6 permits of the oscillation circuit of the motor being connected with an induction coil/ Here a regulating inductive resistance is introduced for counter-acting excess voltages in the motor. By cutting the separate coils 9 (coupled inductively to the aerial) in or out the inductive action on the motor may be more or less increased or variable aerial action may be exerted on the oscillation circuit. 在图所示的6电机振荡电路图施工许可证正在与一个感应线圈/这里一个调节感应电阻介绍了反式作用在电机过剩电压。通过削减9单独的线圈(电感耦合的空中)或出对汽车归纳诉讼可能或多或少地增加或变量空中行动,可能在振荡电路产生。
In Figure 7 the oscillation circuit is closed through the earth (E and E1). The spark gap 7 may be prolonged or shortened by more or fewer spark gaps being successively connected by means of a contact arm 7b. 在图7中的振荡电路被关闭,通过地球(E和E1)。火花间隙5月7日延长或更多或更少的火花缩短差距正在陆续的联络手臂7b中的手段有关。
Diagram 8 shows a unipolar connection of the motor with the aerial network. Here two oscillation circuits are closed through the same motor. The first oscillation circuit passes from aerial A through electromagnet S, point x, inductance 9a to the earth condenser 6 and further, over spark gap 7 to the aerial condenser 5 and back to x. The second oscillation circuit starts from the aerial condenser 5 at the point x1 over the inductance 9 to the earth condenser 6 at the point x3 and through the condenser 6 over the spark gap 7 back to x1. The motor itself is inserted between the two points of the spark gap 7. From this arrangement slightly damped oscillation wave currents are produced. 图8显示了与单极电机空中网络连接。这里有两个被关闭振荡电路通过同一电机。第一个振荡电路,通过电磁将来自空中的S,点x,电感9A至地球冷凝器6此外,有火花隙7空中冷凝器5和返回到x第二振荡电路开始从空中冷凝器在对电感9地球冷凝器6点x1 5点在X3和通过对火花隙7回答X1冷凝器6。电机本身之间插入的火花隙7两点。从轻微阻尼振动波电流这项安排生产。
In the diagram illustrated in Figure 9 a loosely coupled system of connections is illustrated which is assumed to be for small motors for measuring purposes. A indicates the aerial conductor, S the electromagnet in the aerial conductor, 9 the inductance, 7 the spark gap, 5 and 6 condensers, E the earth, M the motor, and 1 and 2 stator connections of the motor. The motor is directly metallically connected with the oscillation circuit. 在图9的连接松散的耦合系统的说明图中说明了这是假定用于测量目的小型马达。 A表示空中指挥,S是在空中指挥电磁铁,9电感,7火花隙,5日和6冷凝器,E的地球,男,电机,1和2的电机定子连接。马达直接metallically连接的振荡电路。 In Figure 10 a purely inductive coupling is employed for the motor circuit. The motor is connected with the secondary wire 10 as may be seen in Figure 11 in a somewhat modified diagram connection. The same applies to the diagram of Figure 12. 在图10纯电感耦合雇用的电动机电路。马达连接线与10中学可能在图11看到有点修改图连接。同样适用于图12图。
The diagrams hitherto described preferably allow of motors of small and medium strength to be operated. For large aggregates, however, they are too inconvenient as the construction of two or more oscillation circuits for large amounts of energy is difficult; the governing is still more difficult and the danger in switching on or off is greater. 图表描述迄今最好的中小型电机实力允许操作。对于大的总量,但是,它们也为两个或两个以上振荡电路的大量能源建设的不便是困难的;管辖仍然较为困难和开关打开或关闭的危险更大。
A means of overcoming such difficulties is shown in Figure 13. The oscillation circuit here runs starting from the point x over condenser 5, variable inductance 9, spark gap 7, and the two segments (3a and 4a) forming arms of a Wheatstone bridge, back to x, If the motor is connected by brushes 3 and 4 transversely to the two arms of the bridge as shown in the drawings, electromagnetic oscillations of equal sign are induced in the stator surfaces 1 and 2 and the motor does not revolve. If however the brushes 3 and 4 are moved in common with the conducting wires 1 and 2 which connect the brushes with the stator poles a certain alteration or displacement of the polarity is obtained and the motor commences to revolve. A指的是如图13所示克服这些困难。这里的振荡电路运行从点开始x以上冷凝器5,可变电感9,火花隙7和两个部分(第3A和4A)构成惠斯通电桥的武器,返回X,如果电动机相连刷3 4横向的作为显示在图纸桥的两个武器,等号电磁振荡诱导定子表面1和2和电机不旋转。然而,如果刷3和4搬到共同的导线与1和2,连接与定子某种改变或极性得到位移和汽车开始向两极旋转刷。 The maximum action will result if one brush 3 comes on the central sparking contact 7 and the other brush 4 on the part x. They are however, usually in practice not brought on the central contact 7 but only held in the path of the bridge segments 4a and 3a in order not to connect the spark gaps with the motor oscillation circuit. 最高的行动将导致如果刷3来自于中央火花接触7和其他刷上x的第4部分不过,这些通常在实践中没有把中央联络上,但只开了7在第4a部分道路桥梁和3a为了不连接与汽车振荡电路的火花差距。
As however, the entire oscillation energy can thereby not act on the motor it is better to carry out the same system according to the diagram 14. The diagram 14 differs from the foregoing only by the motor not being directly metallically connected with the segments of the commutator, but only a primary coil 9 which induces in a secondary coil 10, current which feeds the motor M and takes the place of the rotor. By this arrangement a good transforming action is obtained, a loose coupling and also an oscillation circuit without a spark gap. 由于然而,整个振荡能量,从而不采取行动对汽车,最好是进行同样的制度,根据图14。该图14不同于上述只能由没有直接metallically同换向器电机各部分连接,但只有初级线圈9其中在次级线圈10,电流,饲料电机M和采用转子的地方诱导。通过这一行动的一个很好的转化得到,一个松散的耦合,也是无火花隙振荡电路的安排。 In Figure 15 the motor is not purely inductive as in 14, but directly metallically branched off from the primary coil (at x and x1) after the principle of the auto-transformer. 在图15的电机,不单纯是在14归纳,而是直接metallically分支从初级线圈关闭(在x和x1)后自动原理变压器。
In Figure 16 instead of an inductance a condenser 6 is in similar manner, and for the same object inserted between the segments 3a and 4a. This has the advantage that the segments 3a and 4a need not be made of solid metal but may consist of spiral coils whereby a more exact regulation is possible and further motors of high inductance may be employed. 在图16,而不是一个电感一冷凝器6有类似的方式,以及相同的对象各部分之间的3A和4A条插入。这是该段第3A及4A无须作出的固体金属,但可能包括螺旋线圈,即一个更确切的调节是可能的,高电感进一步电机优势可受聘。
The arrangements of Figures 17, 18 and 19 may be employed for use with resonance and particularly with induction condenser motors; between the large stator induction condenser surfaces, small reversing pole condenser surfaces, mall reversing pole condensers are connected, which, as may be seen from Figures 17, 18 and 19 are led together to earth. Such reversing poles have the advantage that with large quantities of electrical energy the spark formation between the separate oscillation circuits ceases. 在图17的安排,18日和19可与共鸣,特别是与异步电动机的使用采用冷凝器之间,在大定子感应式冷凝器表面,小扭转杆冷凝器表面,商场扭转杆冷凝器连接,其中可以看出从图17,18和19人领导一起地球。扭转这种极有其优点,与大量电能之间的单独的振荡电路产生的火花停止。
Figure 19 shows a further method which prevents electromagnetic oscillations of high number of alternations formed in the oscillation circuit striking back to the aerial conductor. It is based on the well known principle that a mercury lamp, one electrode of which is formed of mercury, the other of solid metal such as steel allows an electric charge to pass in only one direction from the mercury to the steel and not vice versa. The mercury electrode of the vacuum tube N is therefore connected with the aerial conductor and the steel electrode with the oscillation circuit. From this it results that charges can pass only from the aerial through the vacuum tube to the oscillation circuit, but not vice versa. Oscillations which are formed on being transformed in the oscillation circuit cannot pass to the aerial conductor. 图19显示了进一步的方法,可防止在振荡反击空中指挥的电路组成的交替大量的电磁振荡。它是基于众所周知的原则,即汞灯,其中一个电极是汞形成,其他的固体金属,如钢铁允许电荷传递从汞的钢铁,而不是只在一个副方向相反。在汞电极上的真空管,因此N是相连的空中指挥和钢电极的振荡电路。由此结果,可以通过收费只能从通过真空管振荡电路空中,而不是相反。这是正在形成,改变了振荡振荡电路不能传递给空中指挥。
In practice these vacuum tubes must be connected behind an electromagnet as the latter alone affords no protection against the danger of lightning. 在实践中,这些真空管必须是幕后策划,因为后者仅电磁铁连接没有提供对雷击的危险保护。
As regards the use of spark gaps, all arrangements as used for wireless telegraphy may be used. Of course the spark gaps in large machines must have a sufficiently large surface. In very large stations they are cooled in liquid carbonic acid or better still in liquid nitrogen or hydrogen; in most cases the cooling may also take place by means of liquefied low homologues of the metal series or by means of hydrocarbons the freezing point of which lies at between –90° C and –40° C. The spark gap casing must also be insulated and be of sufficient strength to be able to resist any pressure which may arise. Any undesirable excess super-pressure which may be formed must be automatically let off. I have employed wit very good results mercury electrodes which were frozen in liquid carbonic acid, the cooling being maintained during the operation from the outside through the walls. 至于使用火花的差距,作为使用无线电报可以使用的所有安排。当然,在大型机器火花缺口必须有一个足够大的表面。在非常大的,他们是液态碳酸或更好的冷却仍然在液氮或氢气站,在大多数情况下,冷却也可通过同源的液化低的金属系列或由碳氢化合物手段,这意味着发生凝固点在于在介于-90 ° C和-40 ° C的火花隙外壳还必须绝缘及有足够的力量能够抵御任何可能出现的压力。任何不适当的超额超压力,可能会形成必须自动放过。我已聘请机智非常好的效果汞其中碳酸液体冻结电极,冷却被从外面维持在行动中穿墙。 Figure 20 is one of the simplest forms of construction of an aerial network in combination with collectors, transformers and the like illustrated diagrammatically. E is here the earth wire, 8 the safety spark gap, 7 the working spark gap, 1 and 2 the stator surfaces of the motor, 5 a condenser battery, S the protective magnet which is connected with the coil in aerial conductor, A1 to A10 aerial antennae with collecting balloons, N horizontal collecting or connecting wire from which, to the center a number of connections run. 图20是对在与收藏家,变压器等说明概略空中网络建设相结合的最简单的形式之一。 E是这里的接地线,8安全火花隙,7工作火花隙,1和2定子表面的电机,电池为5冷凝器,磁铁S的保护是与空中指挥线圈,A1至连接从中,对中心内的连接数答10气球与收集,ñ水平收集或空中天线连接线运行。 The actual collectors consist of metal sheaths preferably made of an aluminum magnesium alloy, and are filled with hydrogen or helium and are attached t copper plated steel wires. The size of the balloon is selected so that the actual weight of the balloon and the weight of the conducting wire is supported thereby. On top of the balloon aluminum spikes, made and gilded in a special manner hereinafter described, are arranged in order to produce a conductor action. Small quantities of radium preparations, more particularly polonium-ionium or meso-thorium preparations considerably increase the ionization, and therewith the action of these collectors. 实际收集包括金属护套最好的铝镁合金制成,并与氢或氦填充和附加吨镀铜钢丝。气球的大小选择,使气球实际重量和导线的重量,从而支持。论气球铝合金制成,并以特殊方式下镀金峰值,最高描述,都被排列在以生产指挥行动。少量镭准备,更特别是钋鑀或中观钍准备大幅度提高电离,并订定条文,这些收藏者的行动。 In addition to metal balloons, fabric balloons which are superficially metal coated according to Schoop’s metal spraying process, may also be employed. A metallic surface may also me produced by lacquering with metallic bronzes, preferably according to Schoop’s spraying process or lacquering with metallic bronze powders in two electrical series of widely different metals, because thereby the collecting effect is considerably increased. 除了金属的气球,气球织物表面涂层是根据朔普的金属喷涂过程中金属,也可聘用。金属表面也可我制作的青铜器涂漆的金属,最好根据朔普的喷涂工艺,或在两种不同的金属广泛电器系列,金属漆,因为青铜粉的收集效果,从而大大增加。 Instead of the ordinary round balloons, elongated cigar shaped ones may be employed. In order also to utilize the frictional energy of the wind, patches or strips of non-conducting substances which produce electricity by friction, may be attached to the metalized balloon surfaces. The wind will impart a portion of its energy in the form of frictional electricity, to the balloon casing, and thereby the collecting effect is substantially increased. 取而代之的是普通圆形气球,细长的雪茄状的可受聘。为了还利用风,补丁或不带摩擦能量传导物质,由摩擦产生的电力,可能会附加到气球表面金属化。风传授的摩擦形成了电力能源的一部分,对气球外壳,并由此收集的效果大大增加。 In practice however, very high towers (up to 300 meters is fully admissible) may be employed as antennae. In these towers copper tubes rise freely further above the top of the tower. A gas lamp secured against the wind is then lit at the point of the copper tube and a netting is secured to the copper tube over the flame of this lamp to form a collector. The gas is conveyed through the interior of the tube up to the summit. The copper tube must be absolutely protected from moisture at the place at which it enters the tower and also rain must be prevented running down the walls of the tower which might lead to a bad catastrophe. This is done by bell shaped enlargements which expand downwards, being arranged in the tower in the form of high voltage insulators of Siamese pagodas. 但在实践中,非常高的塔(300米,是完全可以受理),可受聘为天线。在这些塔楼自由铜管进一步上升超过了塔顶。阿煤气灯担保顶风点燃,然后在铜管点和网是固定在对这种灯火焰铜管形成一个收藏家。这种气体是传达通过管内部会议的筹备阶段。在铜管必须绝对保护的地点,它进入塔,也必须防止雨水顺着塔可能导致不良灾难的墙壁防潮。这是通过铃形向下扩展放大,正在在暹罗的高压绝缘子宝塔塔的形式排列。 Special attention must be devoted to the foundations of such towers. They must be well insulated from the ground, which may be obtained by first embedding a layer of concrete in a box form to a sufficient depth in the ground and inserting in this an asphalt lining and then glass bricks cast about 1 or 2 meters in thickness. Over this in turn there is a ferro-concrete layer in which alone the metal foot of the tube is secured. This concrete block must be at least 2 meters from the ground and be fully protected at the sides by a wooden covering, from moisture. In the lower part of the tower a wood or glass house for the large condenser batteries or for the motors may be constructed. In order to lead the earth connection to the ground water, a well insulated pit constructed of vitreous brick, must be provided. Several such towers are erected at equal distances apart and connected with a horizontal conductor. The horizontal connecting wires may either run directly from tower to tower or be carried on bell shaped insulators similar to those in use for high voltage conductors. The width of the network may be of any suitable size and the connection of the motors can take place at any suitable places. 必须特别注意专门讨论这些塔的基础。他们必须很好地隔离从地面,这可能是第一次获得嵌入了一些具体的形式在一个盒子里层,在地面有足够的深度,并在这一条沥青衬里插入,然后投了玻璃砖厚度约1或2米。在这段反过来有一个钢筋混凝土层,因为只有在钢管的金属脚担保。这种混凝土块必须至少为2米,从地面,予以充分地保护木覆盖防潮。在一木头或玻璃温室的大型冷凝器电池或电动机,可建造塔的下部。为了带领地球连接到地下水,良好的隔热玻璃砖坑构造,必须提供。几个这样的高楼外竖立同等距离和导体的横向联系。横向连接线也可以直接从塔运行的塔或进行对钟形绝缘子类似高压导体使用这些。该网络的宽度可以是任何合适的规模和电机的连接可以在任何合适的地方进行。
Fig.21. Fig.22. Fig.23. 图21。图22。图23。
In order to collect large quantities of electricity with few aerials it is well to provide the aerial conductor with batteries of condensers as shown in Figures 21 and 22. In Figure 21 the batteries of condensers 5 are connected on the one hand with the aerial electricity collectors Z by the aerial conductor A, and on the other hand interconnected in series with an annular conductor from which horizontal conductors run to the connecting points C to which the earth wire is connected. 为了收集很少天线是很好地提供冷凝器电池作为空中指挥大量的电能见图21和22。在图21冷凝器5的电池连接,一方面与电力收藏家空中尬的空中指挥A,而另一方面,在一系列相互联系的一个环形导线的导体的横向运行的连接点C到的接地线连接。 Figure 22 shows a similar arrangement, Should two such series of antennae rings be shown by a voltmeter to have a large difference of potential (for example, one in the mountains and one in the plain) or even of different polarity these differences may be compensated for by connecting sufficiently large condenser batteries (5, 5a, 5b) by means of Maji star conductors D and D1. In Figure 23 a connection of three such rings of collectors to form a triangle with a central condenser battery is illustrated. 图22显示了类似的安排,如果两个天线环等系列由一个电压表显示有很大的差异潜力(例如,一个在山区和平原之一),甚至不同极性这些差异可能得到补偿对通过连接导体的明星手段马吉D和D1的足够大的电容式电池(第5,5 A,5B号)。在图23的三位收藏家这种环连接形成一个中央冷凝器电池一个三角形的说明。 The condenser batteries of such large installations must be embedded in liquid gases or in liquids freezing at very low temperatures. In such cases a portion of the atmospheric energy must be employed for liquefying these gases. It is also preferable to employ pressure. By this means the condenser surfaces may be diminished, and still allow for large quantities of energy to be stored, secure against breakdown. For smaller installation the immersing of the condensers in well-insulated oil or the like, suffices. Solid substances on the other hand cannot be employed as insulators. 如此庞大的电池装置的冷凝器,必须植根于气体或液体的液体在极低的温度冻结。在大气能量的部分必须为这些气体液化聘用这类案件。这也是最好聘用的压力。这意味着通过冷凝器表面可能会减少,仍然允许对大量的能源储存,对故障安全。对于较小的安装在良好的绝缘油或类似,足够的冷凝器浸泡。另一方面固体物质不能受聘为绝缘体。 The arrangement in the diagrams hitherto described was always such that the condenser batteries were connected with both poles directly to the aerial condensers. An improved diagram of the connections for obtaining atmospheric electricity for the condenser batteries has however, been found to be very advantageous. This arrangement consists in that they are connected only by one pole (unipolar) to the collecting network. Such a method of arrangement is very important, as by means of it a constant current and an increase of the normal working pressure or voltage is obtained. If for example a collecting balloon aerial which is allowed to rise to a height of 300 meters, shows 40,000 volts above earth voltage, in practice it has been found that the working voltage (with a withdrawal of the power according to the method hereinbefore described by means of oscillating spark gaps and the like) is only about 400 volts. If however, the capacity of the condenser surfaces be increased, which capacity in the above mentioned case was equal to that of the collecting surface of the balloon aerials, to double the amount, by connecting the condenser batteries with only one pole, the voltage rises under an equal withdrawal of current up to and beyond 500 volts. This can only be ascribed to the favorable action of the connecting method. 图中的安排,迄今一直是这样描述的电容电池的两极,直接向空中冷凝器连接。一个为获取大气电力电容器电池的连接图有改善,但是,被发现是非常有利的。这项安排由(单极)的收集网络,因为它们只能由一极连接。这样的安排,方法非常重要,因为它意味着,恒定电流和正常工作压力或电压的增加得到。如果例如空中的气球收集允许上升到300米的高度,表明地球上空4.0万伏的电压,在实践中已经发现,工作电压(与权力撤回根据上文所描述的方法指振荡火花差距等)大约只有400伏。然而,如果在冷凝器表面的能力增加,而在上述情况下容量等于对气球天线收集的表面,增加一倍的数额只有一个连接杆冷凝器的电池,电压上升目前下的平等及以后撤出500伏特。这只能归咎于接驳方法有利的行动。 In addition to this substantial improvement it has also been found preferable to insert double inductances with electromagnets and to place the capacities preferably between two such electromagnets. It has also been found that the useful action of such condensers can be further increased if an induction coil be connected as inductive resistance to the unconnected pole of the condenser, or still better if the condenser itself be made as an induction condenser. Such a condenser may be compared with a spring which when compressed carries in itself accumulated force, which it again gives off when released. In charging, a charge with reversed sign is formed at the other free condenser pole, and if through the spark gap a short circuit results, the accumulated energy is again given back since now new quantities of energy are induced at the condenser pole connected with the conductor network, which in fact charges with opposite signs to that at the free condenser pole. The new induced charges have of course the same sign as the collector network. The whole voltage energy in the aerial is thereby however increased. In the same space of time larger quantities of energy are accumulated than is the case without such inserted condenser batteries. 除了这一显着改善也有人认为最好插入电磁铁双电感和两个最好的地方,例如电磁铁的能力。也有人认为,这种冷凝器有益的行动可以进一步增加,如果一个感应线圈被归纳阻力冷凝器,或仍无关极更好,如果冷凝器本身作为感应冷凝器取得联系。这种冷凝器可能与该压缩弹簧时积累的力量进行比较,它再次散发出的获释时本身。在充电时,一个扭转迹象负责形成于其他自由冷凝器极,如果通过火花间隙短路成果,积累的能量又是给现在,因为新的能源数量的背后,是在与连接的冷凝器极诱导指挥网络,这与事实相反的迹象收费,在自由冷凝器极。新的收费有诱导的过程中,收集网络相同的迹象。在空中的整个电压的能量,从而则上升。随着时间的推移,数量较多的能量积聚同一空间比没有这种插入式冷凝器电池情况。
In Figures 24 and 25 two different diagrams of connections are more exactly illustrated, Figure 24 shows a collecting balloon and the diagram of the connections to earth. Figure 25 shows four collecting balloons and the parallel connection of the condenser batteries belonging thereto. 在图24和25两个不同的连接图是更确切说明,图24显示了一个收集气球和图表的连接地球。图25显示了四个气球收集和冷凝器的归属感及其电池并联。 A is the collecting balloon made of an aluminum magnesium alloy (electron metal, magnalium) of a specific gravity of 1.8 and a thickness of plate 0.1 to 0.2 mm. Insider there are eight strong vertical ribs of T-shaped section about 10 to 20 mm in height and about 3 mm in thickness with the projecting part directed inwards (indicated by a, b, c, d and so forth); they are riveted together to form a firm skeleton and are stiffened in a horizontal direction by two cross ribs. The ribs are further connected with one another internally and transversely by means of thin steel wires, whereby the balloon obtains great power of resistance and elasticity. Rolled plates of 0.1 to 0.2 mm in thickness made of magnalium alloy are then either soldered or riveted on this skeleton so that a fully metallic casing with smooth external surface is obtained Well silvered or coppered aluminum plated steel wires run from each rib to the fastening ring 2. Further, the coppered steel hawser L preferably twisted out of separate thin wires (shown in dotted lines in Figure 24) and which must be long enough to allow the balloon to rise in the desired height, leads to a metal roller or pulley 3 and from thence to a winch W, well insulated from the earth. By means of this winch, the balloon, which is filled with hydrogen, or helium, can be allowed to rise to a suitable height (300 to 5000 meters) and brought to the ground for recharging or repairs. A是气球收集的铝镁合金(电子金属,镁铝合金的比重为1.8)和钢板厚度0.1至0.2毫米的。内部有8名的T垂直肋骨与指导向内的投射部分形截面约10至20毫米的高度和厚度约3毫米(由甲,乙,表示的C,D等),它们是铆接在一起形成一个坚定的骨架,并在一个水平方向的两个交叉肋肋骨。肋骨进一步互相连接国内和细钢丝,即气球获得的阻力和弹性横大国的手段。 0.1至0.2毫米厚的冷轧板铝镁合金制成,然后可以固定或嵌入在这个骨架,以便与外表面光滑的金属外壳,充分获得好镀银或镀铜镀铝钢板每肋紧固环的运行线2。此外,镀铜钢锚链蜇最好扭曲细导线分开进行(显示在图24中虚线),并必须足够长,使气球上升所需高度,导致金属辊或滑轮3和再至绞车糯,以及来自地球绝缘。通过这一绞车手段,气球,它与氢或氦填充,可以让上升到一个合适的高度(300至5000米),并提请充电或修理地面。 The actual current is taken directly through a friction contact from the metal roller 3 or from the wire, or even from the winch or simultaneously from all three by means of brushes (3, 3a and 3b). Beyond the brushes the conductor is divided, the paths being: --- firstly over 12 to the safety spark gap 8, from thence to the earth conductor E1, and secondly over electromagnet S1, point 13, to a second loose electromagnet having an adjustable coil S2, then to the spark gap 7 and to the second earth conductor E2. The actual working circuit is formed through the spark gap 7, condensers 5 and 6, and through the primary coil 9; here the static electricity formed by oscillatory discharges is accumulated and converted into high frequency electromagnetic oscillations. Between the electromagnets S1 and S2 at the crossing point 13, four condenser batteries are introduced which are only indicated diagrammatically in the drawings each by one condenser. Two of these batteries (16 and 18) are made as plate condensers and prolonged by regulating induction coils or spirals 17 and 19 while the two others (21 and 23) are induction condensers. As may be seen from the drawings each of the four condenser batteries 16, 18, 21 and 23 is connected by only one pole to the aerial or to the collector conductor. The second poles 17, 19, 22 and 24 are open. In the case of plate condensers having no inductive resistance an induction coil is inserted. The object of such a spiral or coil is the displacement of phase by the induction current by 1/4 periods, whilst that of the charging current of the condenser poles which lie free in the air, works back to the collector aerial. The consequence of this is that in discharges in the collector aerial the back inductive action of the free poles allows a higher voltage to be maintained in the aerial collecting conductor than would otherwise be the case. It has also been found that such a back action has an extremely favorable effect on the wear of the contacts. Of course the inductive effect may be regulated at will within the limits of the size of the induction coil, the length of the coil in action being adjustable by means of wire connection without induction (see Figure 24, No. 20). 当前的实际,通过采取直接从金属辊3或导线,或从绞车或全部由刷子(3,3a和3b)指三同时甚至摩擦接触。除了指挥分刷,路径是:---首先在12到安全火花隙8,从那里到地球导体E1和第二对电磁铁中一,第13点,到第二个松散的电磁体具有可调线圈中二,然后到火花间隙7和第二颗地球导体E2类。实际工作电路形成的火花间隙7,冷凝器5和6,并通过初级线圈9日,这里的静电放电的振荡形成的积累和转换成高频电磁振荡。电磁铁之间的S1和S2在过境点13个,4个冷凝器介绍的电池只用图形表示在图纸每一个冷凝器。这些电池(16和18两个)是作出板冷凝器,通过调节感应线圈或螺旋17和19,而两个人(21和23长期)的感应式冷凝器。可以看出从图纸四个冷凝器电池16,18,21和23日各只由一极的空中或集电极导线连接。第二杆17,19,22和24是开放的。在板的无感应电阻感应线圈插入冷凝器情况。这种螺旋或线圈的对象是由1感应电流相位移/ 4的时期,而这对冷凝器两极的存在于空气中自由充电电流,工程回收藏家空中。这一后果是,在收集排放空中的自由两极回感应操作允许更高的电压,在空中指挥收集保持比在其他情况。也有人认为,这种行动有回就接触磨损十分有利的影响。当然,诱导效应,可随意调节范围内的感应线圈人数的限制,该行动被线圈长度的连接线没有感应调节手段(见图24,第20号)。 S1 and S2 may also be provided with such regulating devices in the case of S2 (illustrated by 11). If excess voltage be formed it is conducted to earth through the wire 12 and spark gap 8 or through any other suitable apparatus, since this formation would be dangerous for the other apparatus. S1和S2也可以提供这些规范S2的案件设备(11所示)。如果过电压形成是地球上进行过导线12和火花隙8或通过任何其他合适的仪器,因为这将形成对其他仪器中的危险。 The small circles on the collector balloon indicate places at which zinc amalgam or gold amalgam or other photoelectric acting metals in the form of small patches in extremely thin layers (0.01 to 0.05 mm in thickness) are applied to the entire balloon as well as in greater thickness to the conducting network. The capacity of the collector is thereby considerably strengthened at the surface. The greatest possible effect in collecting may be obtained by polonium amalgams and the like. On the surface of the collector balloon metal points or spikes are also fixed along the ribs, which spikes serve particularly for collecting the collector charge. Since it is well known that the resistance of the spikes is less the sharper the spike is, for this purpose it is therefore extremely important to employ as sharp spikes as possible. Experiments made as regards these have shown that the formation of the body of the spike or point also plays a large part, for example, spikes made of bars or rollers with smooth surface, have a many times greater point resistance as collector accumulator spikes than those with rough surfaces. Various kinds of spike bodies have been experimented with for the collector balloons hereinbefore mentions. The best results were given by spikes which were made in the following way. Fine points made of steel, copper, nickel, or copper and nickel alloys, were fastened together in bundles and then placed as anode with the points in a suitable electrolyte (preferably in hydrochloric acid or muriate of iron solutions) and so treated with weak current at 2 to 3 volts pressure. After 2 to 3 hours according to the thickness of the spikes or pins the points become extremely sharp and the bodies of the spikes have a rough surface. The bundle can then be removed and the acid washed off with water. The spikes are then placed as cathode in a batch consisting of solution of gold, platinum, iridium, palladium or wolfram salts or their compounds and coated a the cathode galvanically with a thin layer of precious metal, which must however be sufficiently firm to protect them from atmospheric oxidation. 采集器上的气球小圆圈表示名额,其中锌,黄金,银汞合金汞或其他光电行事,在非常薄的金属层在小补丁的形式(0.01至0.05毫米厚)适用于整个气球以及在更大的厚度为开展网络。在收集能力,从而大大加强了在表面。在收集最大可能产生的影响可能会获得钋汞合金等。论气球收集点或峰值金属表面也得到了修复沿肋骨,而峰值为收集,特别是负责收集。由于众所周知的峰值电阻差不多是尖锐的峰值,为此目的,因此极为重要的雇用尽可能急升。实验方面作出这些都表明,对穗或点体形成也发挥了很大一部分,例如,穗酒吧或辊表面光滑了,有更大的作为收藏家蓄电池比峰值点阻力很多次粗糙表面。穗机构的各种已经与上文所收集气球实验提及。最好的结果,其中给予以下列方式作出高峰。精细提出的意见,钢材,铜,镍或铜和镍合金,被固定捆绑在一起,然后放在与在合适的电解液(最好是在盐酸点阳极或盐酸盐,铁的解决方案)等治疗弱电流在2至3伏特的压力。经过2至3小时根据的钉鞋或针点变得十分尖锐的峰值机构的厚度有一个粗糙的表面。这个捆绑然后可以去掉,用清水洗净酸了。在尖峰,然后放置在作为阴极组成的黄金,铂,铱,钯盐溶液或钨或其化合物及涂上薄薄的一层贵金属,但必须有足够的坚定,以保护他们的阴极偶合批次大气氧化。 Such spikes act at a 20-fold lower voltage almost as well as the best and finest points made by mechanical means. Still better results are obtained if polonium or radium salts are added to the galvanic bat when forming he protective layer or coating. Such pins have a low resistance at their points and even at one volt and still lower pressures have an excellent collector action. 这种钉在了20倍,低电压的行为几乎以及最好的,最好用机械设备提出的意见。尽管如此,获得更好的效果,如果钋和镭盐添加到电流蝙蝠他时形成保护层或涂层。这种引脚有一个低电阻的点,甚至在一伏,仍然较低压力下有一个很好的收集行动。 In Figure 24 the three unconnected poles are not connected with one another in parallel. That is quite possible in practice without altering the principle of the free pole. It is also preferable to interconnect in parallel to a common collector network, a series of collecting aerials. 在图24的三个极点无关未连接与一个平行另一个。这是很可能在实践中不改变自由杆的原则。这也是可取的互连平行共同收集网络,收集天线系列。 Figure 25 shows a diagram for such an installation. A1, A2, A3, A4 are four metal collector balloons with gold or platinum coated spikes which are electrolytically made in the presence of polonium emanations or radium salts, which spikes or needles are connected over four electromagnets S1, S2, S3, S4, through an annular conductor R. From this annular conductor four wires run over four further electromagnets Sa, Sb, Sc, Sd, to the connecting point 13. There the conductor is divided, one branch passing over 12 and the safety spark gap 8 to the earth at E1, the other over inductive resistance J and working spark gap 7 to the earth at E2. The working circuit, consisting of the condenser 5 and 6 and a resonance motor M, such as hereinbefore described, is connected in proximity round the sparking gap section 7. 图25显示了这样一个安装图。格A1,A2,Å3模式,A4有4个金属与黄金或白金收集这些气球在电解钋的各种机构实体或镭盐,这钉鞋或超过4针电磁铁中一,二,中三,中四,连接通过的存在使涂层尖峰环形导体河从这个环四线指挥四年多萨,锑,钪,海峡,进一步电磁铁运行的连接点13。有指挥分,一间分行通过对12个和安全火花隙八线至素E1地球,其他对感应电阻J和工作火花隙7在E2类地球。工作电路,冷凝器5和6和共振电机男,包括上文所描述的,如,在接近一轮引发的差距第7条连接。 Instead of directly connecting the condenser motor of course the primary circuit for high frequency oscillatory current may also be inserted. 而不是直接连接,当然冷凝器电机的高频振荡电流主回路也可插入。 The condenser batteries are connected by one pole to the annular conductor R and can be either inductionless (16 and 18) or made as induction condensers as shown by 21 and 23. The free poles of the inductionless condensers are indicated by 17 and 19, those of the induction condensers by 22 and 24. As may be seen from the drawings all these poles 17, 22, 19, 24 may be interconnected in parallel through a second annular conductor without any fear that thereby the principle of the free pole connection will be injured. In addition to the advantages already set forth the parallel connection also allows of an equalization of the working pressure in the entire collector network. Suitable constructed and calculated induction coils 25 and 26 may also be inserted in the annular conductor of the free poles, by means of which a circuit may be formed in the secondary coils 27 and 28 which allows current produced in this annular conductor by fluctuations of the charges of the like appearances to be measured or otherwise utilized. 冷凝器的电池连接的一极的环形导体R和可以是归纳的(16和18)或在感应式冷凝器表现出了21和23。在归纳的冷凝器的自由柱表示,17和19,22和24的诱导冷凝器的。可以看出从所有这些极点17,22,19,24可能是相互关联的,在没有任何恐惧并行通过第二环形导体,从而在自由极连接的原则将受伤的图纸。除了已有的优势,提出了并联也是一个在整个收集网络允许工作压力均衡。适用于建造和计算25日和26感应线圈也可插入自由极环形导体,通过这一手段的电路,可形成线圈的27所中学和28条允许电流在环形导体制作的波动出场的收费等进行测量或以其他方式使用。 According to what has been hereinbefore stated separate collector balloons may be connected at equidistant stations distributed over the entire country, either connected directly with one another metallically or by means of intermediate suitably connected condenser batteries through high voltage conductors insulated from earth. The static electricity is converted through a spark gap into dynamic energy of a high number of oscillations and may in such form be coupled as a source of energy b y means of a suitable method f connecting, various precautions being observed and with special regulations. The wires leading from the collector balloons have hitherto been connected through an annular conductor without this endless connection, which can be regarded as an endless induction coil, being able to exert any action on the whole conductor system. 根据已经取得上文所指出单独收集汽球连接超过全国等距离分布站,无论是连接彼此metallically或通过高电压绝缘导体从地球中间适当的连接方式直接冷凝器电池。静电通过转换成一个动态振荡大量能源缺口,并可能引发的形式作为能源合适的方法,手段,加上f源连接,各种预防措施得到遵守和有特殊规定。电线从采集气球迄今一直领先的连接通过一个环形导体没有这种无休止的连接,可视为一个永无休止的感应线圈,能够施加任何对整个指挥系统行动。 It has now been found that if the network conductor connecting the aerial collector balloons with one another is not made as a simple annular conductor, but preferably short circuited in the form of coils over a condenser battery or spark gap or through thermionic tubes or valves or audions, then the total collecting network exhibits quite new properties. The collection of atmospheric electricity is thereby not only increased but an alternating field may be easily produced in the collector network. Further, the atmospheric electrical forces showing themselves in the higher regions may also be directly obtained by induction. In Figures 26 and 28 a form of construction is shown on the basis of which the further foundations of the method will be more particularly explained. 它现在已经发现,如果网络连接导体彼此的空中气球收集不进行一个简单的环形导体,但最好短路的线圈形成较冷凝器电池或火花隙或通过热管或阀门或三极管,那么总收集网络展品相当新的属性。大气电收集从而不仅增加,而且一交变磁场可以很容易在收集信息的网络。此外,大气电力量,显示了较高的地区,本身也可以直接得到的感应。在图26和28日的建筑形式显示在此基础上该方法的进一步基础将更加特别解释。
In Figure 26, 1, 2, 3, 4 are metal collector balloons, 5, 6, 7, 8 their metallic aerial conductors and I the actual collector network. This consists of five coils and is mounted on high voltage insulators in the air, in high voltage masts (or with a suitable construction of cable embedded in the earth). One coil has a diameter of 1 or 100 km or more. S and S1 are two protective electromagnets, F the second safety section against excess voltage, E its earth conductor and E1 the earth conductor of the working section. When an absorption of static atmospheric electricity is effected through the four balloon collectors, the current in order to reach the earth connection E1 must flow spirally through the collector network over the electromagnet S, primary induction coil 9, conductor 14, anode A of the audion tube, incandescent cathode K, as the way over the electromagnet and safety spark gap F offers considerably greater resistance. Owing to the fact that the accumulated current flows in one direction, an electromagnetic alternating field is produced in the interior of the collector network coil, whereby the whole free electrons are directed more or less into the interior of the coil. An increased ionization of the atmosphere is thereby produced. In consequence of this the points mounted on the collector balloon show a considerably reduced resistance and therefore increased static charges between the points on the balloon and the surrounding atmosphere are produced. The result of this is a considerably increased collector effect. 在图26,1,2,3,4是金属回收气球,5,6,7,8空中的金属导体,我的实际收集网络。这包括五个线圈,是根据空气中的高压绝缘子安装,在高电压桅(或与在地球上嵌入电缆适当的建筑)。一个线圈有一个直径为1或100公里以上。 S和S1 两个保护电磁铁,女对过电压第二安全部分,E号接地导体和E1的工作部分接地导体。当大气中的静电电吸收是通过四个气球收集影响,目前,为了达到接地素E1必须流经对电磁铁秒,初级感应线圈9,指挥14个,收集网络螺旋阳极的三极管阿管,白炽灯阴极亩,由于对电磁铁和安全火花隙F方式提供了相当大的阻力。由于事实,即在一个方向,交变磁场的电磁是在收集网络线圈,即整个自由电子是针对内部产生或多或少把线圈的电流流过的内部积累。一个是大气电离,从而增加生产。在这点上安装集热气球结果显示,大大减少了抵抗能力,因此增加了对气球点之间的静电和周围的气氛生产。其结果是大大增加了收藏家的效果。
A second effect which could not be obtained otherwise is obtained by the electromagnetic alternating field which running parallel to the earth surface, acts more or less with a diminishing or increasing effect on the earth magnetic field, whereby in the case of fluctuations in the current a return induction current of reversed sign is always produced in the collector coil by earth magnetism. Now if, however, a constantly pulsating continuous alternating field is produced as stated in the above collector network I, an alternating current of the same periodicity is produced also in the collecting network coil. As the same alternating field is further transmitted to the aerial balloon, the resistance to its points is thereby considerably reduced, whilst the collector action is considerably increased. A further advantage is that positive electrons which collect on the metal surfaces during the conversion into dynamic current produce a so-called drop of potential of the collector area. As an alternating field is present, the negative ions surrounding the collectors surfaces, when discharge of the collector surfaces takes place produce by the law of induction, an induction of reversed sign on the collector surface and so forth (that is to say again a positive charge). In addition to the advantages hereinbefore set forth, the construction of connecting conductors in coil form when of sufficiently large diameter, allows of a utilization of energy arising in higher regions also in the simplest way. As is well known electric discharges frequently take place at very great elevations which may be observed as St Elmo’s fire or northern lights. These energy quantities have no been available to be utilized up to now. By this invention all these kinds of energy, as they are of an electromagnetic nature and the direction of axis of the collector coils stands at right angles to the earth’s surface, can be more or less absorbed in the same way as a receiver in wireless telegraphy absorbs waves coming from a far distance. With a large diameter of the spiral it is possible to connect large surfaces and thereby to take up also large quantities of energy. 第二个作用是不能获得通过,否则是交变磁场的电磁其中平行的地球表面获得的行为或多或少的减少或增加对地球磁场的影响,在波动的情况下,即在目前的1返回感应电流的逆转迹象总是在通过地球磁性线圈产生的收藏家。现在,如果然而,持续不断地脉动交变磁场产生如上收集网络I,一个相同的频率交流电产生也表示,在收集网络线圈。相同的交变磁场进一步转交空中气球,其点的阻力,从而大大减少,而收集的行动大大增加。另一个优势是正电子于金属表面收集到的转换过程中的动态电流产生的潜在的集热器面积所谓的下降。作为一个交变磁场存在,围绕收集负离子表面,当表面收集排放所采取的感应定律,对收集的表面诱导逆转迹象等进行生产(即再次正面费)。除了上文所提出的优点,是连接导体线圈的形式兴建足够大直径时,对所产生的能量更高的地区,也最简单的方法可以利用。众所周知,经常采取放电产生很大的可能被视为圣埃尔莫的火灾或北极光观察海拔的地方。这些能源的数量并没有被利用可到现在。通过这一发明所有这些类型的能源,因为它们是电磁性质和收藏家线圈的轴线方向站成直角的地球表面,可以或多或少相同的方式吸收作为无线接收电报吸收波,从远处来。随着一个螺旋是有可能的连接大直径大表面,从而占用了大量的能源也。
It is well known that large wireless stations in the summer months, and also in the tropics are very frequently unable to receive the signals in consequence of interruptions which are caused by atmospheric electricity, and this takes place with vertical coils of only 40 to 100 meters diameter. If on the contrary horizontal coils of 1 to 100 km diameter be employed very strong currents may be obtained through discharges which are constantly taking place in the atmosphere. Particularly in the tropics or still better in the polar regions where the northern lights are constantly present, large quantities of energy may probably be obtained in this way. A coil with several windings should act the best. In similar manner any alteration of the earth magnetism should act inductively on such a coil. 众所周知,大型无线电台在夏季,在热带地区也十分常常无法接受的是由大气所造成的电力中断造成的信号,这需要与只有40至100米的地方垂直线圈直径。如在一相反水平线圈的直径为100公里聘用很强的电流可以通过排放物在不断参加取得的气氛中举行。特别是在热带或仍然在极地地区更清楚地了解极光不断目前,大量的能量极有可能获得这种方式。一个拥有数绕组线圈应采取行动是最好的。类似的方式在地球的任何改变应以磁感应线圈等。
It is not at all unlikely that earthquakes and spots on the sun will also produce an induction in such collector coils of sufficient size. In similar manner this collector conductor will react on earth current more particularly when they are near the surface of the earth or even embedded in the earth. By combining the previous kind of current collectors so far as they are adapted for the improved system with the improved possibilities of obtaining current the quantities of free natural electricity which are to be obtained in the form of electricity are considerably increased. 这是不是都不太地震和太阳黑子也将产生一个具有相当规模的收藏家线圈感应。在此收集类似的方式指挥的反应可能会在地球上现有的特别是当它们接近地球表面,甚至在地球嵌入的。通过结合当前收藏家前一种只要它们是与目前取得的自由自然的电力,将在电力的形式得到大量的改进改进后的系统调整的可能性正在大大增加。
In order to produce in the improved collector coil uniform current oscillations of an undamped nature so-called audion high vacuum or thermionic tubes of suitable connection are employed instead of the previously known spark gaps (Figure 26, Nos. 9-18). The main aerial current flows through electromagnet S (which in the case of a high number of alternations is not connected here but in the earth conductor E1) and may be conveyed over the primary coils in the induction winding through wire 14 to the anode A of the high vacuum grid tube. Parallel with the induction resistance 9 a regulating capacity of suitable size, such as condenser 11 is inserted. In the lower part of the vacuum grid tube is arranged the incandescent filament or the cathode K which is fed through a battery B. From the battery B two branches run, one to the earth conductor E1 and the other through battery B1 and secondary coil 10 to the grid above g in the vacuum tube. By the method of connections shown in dotted lines, a desired voltage at the grid electrode g may also be produced through the wire 17 which is branched off from the main current conductor through switches 16 and some small condensers (a, b, c, d) connected in series, and conductor 18, without the battery B1 being required. 为了改善生产集电极电流振荡线圈均匀的阻尼性质的所谓三极管高真空或适当的热管连接雇用,而不是以前称为火花的差距(图26,第9-18段)。主要的空中电流通过电磁流秒(在一个大量的交替,没有连接的情况在此,接地导体的位置1),可能超过在通过电线14的高真空网格管阳极清盘主线圈感应转达。与感应电阻9合适的大小,调节等11个容量并联电容器插入。在真空网格管下部安排的白炽灯灯丝或阴极k该电池是通过喂食B.从电池运行乙两个分支,一个地球导体的位置1 和其他通过电池乙1 和次级线圈10以上的网格 克 在真空管。通过在虚线,在网格的电压显示电极连接方法 克 也可以通过电线产生17条是从主分支通过交换机16和一些小型电容器电流导体关闭(甲,乙,丙,丁)串联,指挥18个,没有电池,乙1 被要求。
The action of the entire system is somewhat as follows: -- 整个系统的行动是大致如下:
On the connecting conductor of the aerial collector network being short circuited to earth, the condenser pole 11 is charged and slightly damped oscillations are formed in the short circuited existing oscillation circuit formed of the condenser 11 and self inductance 9. In consequence of the coupling through coil 10, fluctuations of voltage take place in the grid circuit 15 with the same frequency, which, fluctuations in turn influence the strength of the electrode current passing through the high vacuum amplifying tube and thus produce current fluctuations of the same frequency in the anode circuit. A permanent supply of energy to the oscillation circuits 9 and 10 consequently takes place, until a condition of balance is set up, in which the consumed oscillation energy is equal to that absorbed. Thereby constant undamped oscillations are now produced in the oscillation circuits 9-11. 论空中收集被短路地球网络连接导体,冷凝器的收费是11杆,略阻尼振荡是在短路现有振荡冷凝器11自感9形成电路组成。在后果,通过线圈的耦合10,电压波动参加格电路相同的频率,这反过来又波动的影响,通过放大管的高真空电极的电流通过15日举行的实力,因此产生的电流波动相同的频率在阳极电路。永久的能源供应,振荡电路9和10,因此需要到一个平衡条件的地方,成立,其中消耗振动能量等同吸收。从而不断阻尼振荡,现在生产的振荡电路9-11。
For regular working of such oscillation producers high vacuum strengthening tubes are necessary and it is also necessary that the grid and anode voltages shall have a phase difference of 180° so that if the grid is negatively charged, then the anode is positively charged and vice versa. This necessary difference of phase may be obtained by most varied connections, for example, by placing the oscillation circuit in the grid circuit or by separating the oscillation circuit and inductive coupling from the anodes and the grid circuit and so forth. 对于这种高真空振荡生产者加强管是必要的经常性工作,也是必要的网格和阳极电压须有180 °的相位差,这样如果网格是带负电,则是带正电的阳极,反之亦然。这一阶段所需的差异可能是获得最多样的连接,例如,通过放置在网格电路振荡电路或分开,振荡电路,从阳极电感耦合电路和网格等。
A second important factor in this way of converting static atmospheric electricity into undamped oscillations is that care must be taken hat the grid and anode voltages have a certain relation to one another; the latter may be obtained by altering the coupling and a suitable selection of the self-induction in the grid circuit, or as shown by dotted lines 16, 17, 18 by means of a larger or smaller number of condensers of suitable size connected in series; in this case the battery B1 may be omitted. With a suitable selection of the grid potential a glow discharge takes place between the grid g and the anode A, and accordingly at the grid there is a cathode drop and a dark space is formed. The size of this cathode drop is influenced by the ions which are emitted in the lower space in consequence of shock ionization of the incandescent cathodes K and pass through the grid in the upper space. On the other hand the number of ions passing through the grid is dependent on the voltage between the grid and the cathode. Thus is the grid voltage undergoes periodic fluctuations (as in the present case) the amount of the cathode drop at the grid fluctuates and consequently the internal resistance of the tube correspondingly fluctuates, so that when a back coupling of the feed circuit with the grid circuit takes place, the necessary means are afforded for producing undamped oscillations and of taking current, according to requirements from the collecting conductor. 第二个在这个转化为无阻尼振荡大气静电电方式的一个重要因素是,必须小心帽子网格和阳极电压有彼此,后者可能会通过改变耦合和一个合适的选择取得了一定的关系自感电路网格中,或由虚线16,17,18表现出一种在串联电容器大小合适的放大或缩小数字表示,在这种情况下,电池乙1 可以省略。随着网格的潜力辉光放电时间发车地点之间的合适选择 克 和阳极A和相应的网格有一个阴极下降,一个黑暗的空间形成。该阴极下降的大小是影响排放的是在休克中的白炽灯阴极电离后果降低空间K和通过上游的空间网格离子。另一方面,透过网格通过离子数目之间的网格和阴极电压依赖。因此,是经历了定期电网电压波动(如本案)的阴极的网格数量下降的波动,因此相应的波动管内阻,因此当一个与电网线路饲料电路回馈发生时,提供必要的手段生产和无阻尼振荡到目前,根据需要从收集指挥。
The frequency of the undamped oscillations produced is with a suitably loose coupling equal to the self-frequency of the oscillation circuits 9 and 10. By a suitable selection of the self induction of the coil 9 and capacity 11 it is possible to extend from frequencies which produce electromagnetic oscillation of only a few meters wavelength down to the lowest practical alternating current frequency. For large installations a suitable number of frequency-producing tubes of the well-known high vacuum transmission tubes of 0.5 to 2 kw in size may be connected in parallel so that in this respect no difficulty exists. 该阻尼产生的振动频率与一个适当的松耦合等于自我振荡电路9日和10频率。由线圈的9和能力11,有可能延长至使人产生的频率只有几米的最低实际交流电频率波长下降到自感应电磁振荡选择合适。如需频率适当数量的生产著名的高真空的0.5至2千瓦输电管大小可在管并联,使大型装置,在这方面存在任何困难。
The use of such tubes for producing undamped oscillations, and also the construction and method of inserting such transmission tubes in an accumulator or dynamo circuit is known and also that such oscillation producing tubes only work well at voltages of 1000 up to 4000 volts, so that on the contrary their use at lower voltages is considerably more difficult. By the use of high voltage static electricity this method of producing undamped oscillations as compared with that through spark gaps must be regarded as an ideal solution particularly for small installations of outputs of from 1 to 100 kw. 对于无阻尼振荡生产使用这种管,也是建设和插入一个蓄电池或发电机电路的传输管的方法是已知的,也生产这种振荡管只在1000年的工作电压以及高达4000伏,使相反他们在低电压的使用相当困难。由高压静电使用这种生产无阻尼振荡的方法相比,通过火花的差距必须被视为一种理想的解决方案,从1特别是对产出的小装置,以一零零千瓦
By the application of safety spark gaps, with interpolation of electromagnets, not only is short-circuiting avoided but also the taking up of current is regulated. Oscillation producers inserted in the above way form a constantly acting electromagnetic alternating field in the collector coil, whereby as already stated, a considerable accumulating effect takes place. The withdrawal wire or working wire is connected at 12 and 13, but current may be taken by means of a secondary coil which is firmly or movable mounted in any suitable way inside the large collector coil, i.e., in its electromagnetic alternating field, so long as the direction of its axis runs parallel with that of the main current collecting coil. 到了安全应用火花的差距,与电磁铁插值,不仅是短路,而且避免了利用电流的调节。在上述方式的形式收集线圈,即如前所述,在相当一个不断积累效应交变磁场作用的电磁振荡插入生产者发生。撤离工作线或连接线在12和13,但目前可能是由一所中学的线圈坚决或动产是指安装在采取任何内部线圈的大收藏家,即适当的方式,在交变电磁场,只要作为其轴线方向平行与当前的主要收集线圈。
In producing undamped oscillations of a high frequency (50,000 per second or more) in the oscillation circuits 9 and 11, electromagnets S and S1 must be inserted if the high frequency oscillations are not to penetrate the collector oil, between the oscillation producers and the collector coil. In all other cases they are connected shortly before the earthing (as in Figures 27 and 28). 在生产高频率无阻尼振荡(每秒50,000或以上),在振荡电路9日和11日,S和S电磁铁1 如果必须插入高频振荡是不能穿透收集石油,生产者之间的振荡线圈和收藏家。在所有这些接地前不久有关的其他情况下(如在图27和28)。
In Figure 27 a second method of construction of the connecting conductor of the balloon aerials is illustrated in the form of a coil. The main difference consists in that in addition to the connecting conductor I another annular conductor II is inserted parallel to the former on the high voltage masts in the air (or embedded as a cable in the earth) but both in te form of a coil. The connecting wire of the balloon aerials is indicated as a primary conductor and also as a current producing network; the other is the consumption network and is not in unipolar connection with the current producing network. 在图27日,对气球天线连接导体材料说明第二种方法是在一个线圈的形式。主要的区别在于,除了连接导体我第二另一个环形导体插入平行于空气中的高电压柱前(或在地线嵌入式),但无论是在线圈德形式。该气球天线连接线,是表示作为主要指挥,又是当前的生产网络,二是消费网络,并在当前的生产网络连接不单极。
In Figure 27 the current producing network I is shown with three balloon collectors 1, 2, 3 and aerial conductors 4, 5, 6; it is short-circuited through condenser 19 and inductance 9. The oscillation forming circuit consists in this diagram of spark gap f, inductance 10, and condenser 11; the earth wire E, is connected to earth over electromagnet S1. F s the safety spark gap which is also connected to earth through a second electromagnet S at E. On connecting up the condenser circuit 11 this is charged over the spark gap f whereby an oscillatory discharge is formed. This discharging current acts through inductance 10 on the inductively coupled secondary 9, whereby in the producing network a modification of the potential of the condenser 19 is produced. The consequence of this is that oscillations arise in the coil shaped producer network. These oscillations induce a current in the secondary circuit II, which has a smaller number of windings and a less resistance, the voltage of which, according to the proportion of the number of windings and of the ohmic resistance, is considerably lower whilst the current strength is greater. 在图27目前生产网络,我是有三个气球收集1,2,3和空中指挥4,5,6所示,它是短期的,通过冷凝器19和电感9短路。形成的振荡电路包括在这个火花隙男,电感10图,和冷凝器11;,接地线E,是连接过去电磁铁地球š1。 fs的安全火花隙也是通过一个个电磁铁在大肠杆菌S到地球冷凝器连接了电路,这是11日在火花隙f即一个振荡放电形成的费用。本文通过电感10放电电流行为的电感耦合中学9,在生产网络,使一对冷凝器19修改生产潜力。这一结果是,振荡线圈形状制作网络出现。诱使这些振荡在二次回路第二,拥有数量较少的绕组和阻力较小的电流,电压,其中,根据人数的比例和绕组的欧姆电阻,也大大低于目前的实力虽然更大。
In order to convert the current thus obtained into current of an undamped character, and to tune its wavelengths, a sufficiently large regulatable capacity 20 in inserted between the ends 12 and 13 of the secondary conductor II. Here also current may be taken without an earthy conductor, but it is advisable to insert a safety spark gap E1 and to connect this with the earth over an electromagnet S2. 为了转换成电流,从而获得无阻尼特性的电流,并调整其波长,一个足够大的可调控能力20之间插入的目的12和中学指挥二13。在这里还可以采取目前没有一个朴实的指挥,但最好是插入一个安全火花隙E1和连接通过一个与地球电磁铁中二本。
The producer network may be connected with the working network II over an inductionless condenser 21 or over an induction condenser 22, 23. In this case the secondary conductor is unipolarly connected with the energy conductor. 制片人网络可以连接网络的工作归纳的二对一21岁或以上冷凝器感应式冷凝器22,23。在这方面,中学导体unipolarly指挥与能源有关的情况。
In Figure 28 the connecting conductor between the separate accumulator balloons is carried out according to the autotransformer principle. The collecting coil connects four aerial balloons 1, 2, 3, 4, the windings of which are not made side by side but one above the other. In Figure 28 the collector coil I is shown with a thin line, the metallically connected prolongation coils II with a thick line. Between the ends I1 and II1 of the energy network I a regulating capacity 19 is inserted. The wire I1 is connected with the output wire and with the spark gap F. 在图28分开之间的连接导体累加器气球是依法进行的自耦变压器的原则。在收集线圈连接四个空中气球1,2,3,4,其中绕组没有并排,但高于其他1。在图28集电极线圈我是用细线,显示metallically连接延长线圈二型粗线。我的目的之间1 和二1 能源网络I 1调节能力19插入。该线I1 连接的输出线,并与火花隙楼
As transformer of the atmospheric electricity an arrangement is employed which consists in using rotary pairs of condensers in which the one stator surface B is connected with the main current, whilst the other A is connected with the earth pole. Between these pairs of short-circuited condensers are caused to rotate from which the converted current can be taken by means of two collector rings and brushes, in the form of an alternating current, the frequency of which is dependent on the number of balloons and the revolutions of the rotor. As the alternating current formed in the rotor can act, in this improved method of connection described in this invention, through coils 1 on the inductance 9, an increase or diminution of the feed current in I can be obtained according to the direction of the current by back induction. Current oscillations of uniform rhythm thereby result in the coil shaped windings of the produce network. 由于大气电力的安排就业的在使用其中一个定子表面B是与主流,而其他A与地球极连接的连接冷凝器旋转对变压器组成。之间的短路冷凝器,这些都是造成对旋转从目前的转换可以通过两个珍藏戒指,刷一个交流的形式,采取的手段,其中的频率是多少的气球和依赖革命的转子。由于交流电形成了转子可以采取行动,在这说明在这方面的发明改进方法,通过在电感9,增加或本人可根据方向饲料目前缩减线圈1的电流由备用感应。统一的节奏,在目前的振荡,从而形成了生产网络绕组线圈的结果。
As the ends of this conductor are short-circuited through the regulatable condenser 19 these rhythms produce short-circuited undamped oscillations in the energy conductor, the periodicity and wave lengths of which oscillations can be adjusted according to desire by altering the capacity 19 to a given wavelength and therewith also to a given frequency. These currents may also be employed in this form directly as working current through the conductors II1 and III. By inserting the condenser 20 a connection between these conductors may also be made, whereby harmonic oscillations of desired wavelengths are formed. By this means quite new effects as regards current distribution are obtained. The withdrawal of current can even take place without direct wire connection if, at a suitable point in the interior of the producing network (quite immaterially whether this has a diameter of 1 or 100 km) a coil tuned to these wavelengths and of the desired capacity is firmly or movably mounted in the aerial conductor in such a way that is axial direction is in parallel with that of the collector coil. In this case a current is induced in the producing network, the size of which is dependent on the total capacity and resistance and also on the periodicity employed. A possibility is thereby afforded in future, of taking energy from the producer network by wireless means. As thereby in addition to atmospheric electricity also magnetic earth currents and energy from the higher atmosphere (at leas partially may be simultaneously obtained, this last system for collecting the atmospheric energy is of particular importance for the future. 作为这一导体的两端短路,通过这些可调控冷凝器19节奏产生短路阻尼在能源指挥振荡的频率和波长,其中可以调整振荡根据渴望通过改变能力19给定与此相关的波长也给定频率。这些电流也可以从事这一工作的形式直接通过导体电流II1 和第三。通过插入式冷凝器20导线之间的连接也可提出,即所需波长的谐波振荡的形成。通过这种方法是相当新的影响,目前的分配方面得到。当前甚至可以不直接线连接的地方,如果一个在生产网络内部适当地点(相当immaterially是否有1或100公里的直径)调整到这些波长和所需能力的线圈撤军坚决或movably在以这样的方式展开空中指挥是轴向方向与线圈的收藏家,在并行。在这种情况下,诱导电流在生产网络,其中规模上的总容量和阻力和就业的周期也依赖。一种可能性是,从而提供在未来,采取了以无线方式生产网络的能量。正如从而除了大气电力也是地球磁场的电流和能量较高的气氛(在部分可同时获得执法机关,这是收集大气能量的最后系统是为未来的特别重要的意义。
Of course everywhere instead of spark gaps grid vacuum tubes may be employed as producers for undamped oscillations. The separate coils of the producer network with large diameters may be connected with one another through separate conductors all in parallel or all in series or in groups in series. By regulating the number of oscillations and also the extent of the voltage more or less large collector coils of this kind may be employed. The coils may also be divided spirally over the entire section. The coils may be carried out in angular form or also in triangular, quadrangular, hexagonal or octagonal form. 当然,各地的差距,而不是引发电网真空管可受聘为无阻尼振荡生产者。对大直径生产网络的独立的线圈,可能与一个通过单独的导线另一所有并联或串联的所有或在系列组。通过调节振荡数,也是更多的电压范围或减少这种大收藏家线圈可受聘。该线圈也可分为螺旋整个部分。线圈,可进行形式或角度也三角形,四边形,六角形,八角形的形式。
Of course wires may be carried from a suitable place to the center or also laterally which serve the current waves as guides. This is necessary when the currents have to be conducted over mountains and valley and so forth. In all these cases the current must be converted into a current of suitable periodicity. 当然,电线从可进行适当的地方也该中心或横向的,作为指导当前的浪潮。这是必要的电流时,要对山区和河谷等进行。在所有这些电流必须转换成电流的情况下,适当的周期。
As already hereinbefore mentioned separate collecting balloons may be directly metallically interconnected at equidistant stations distributed over the entire country or may be connected by interpolation of suitable condenser batteries by means of high voltage conductors. The static electricity is converted through a spark gap into dynamic energy of a high number of oscillations, and could then in such forms, wit a suitable arrangement of the connections, observing various measures of protection, be employed as source of energy after separate or special regulation. 正如上文所述已单独收集汽球直接metallically互联超过全国等距离分布站或可给予适当的冷凝器电池插连接起来的高电压导线的手段。静电通过转换成一个振荡的大量动态的能量火花隙,又可以在等形式,机智的连接适当的安排,遵守各项保护措施,被视为能源独立后就业或特殊规管。
According to this invention in order to increase the collecting effect of the balloon in the aerial collector conductor or in the earth wire, radiating collectors are employed. These consist either of incandescent metal or oxide electrodes in the form of vacuum grid tubes, or electric arcs (mercury and the like electrodes), Nernst lamps, or finally flames of various kinds may be simply connected with the respective conductor. 根据这一发明,以增加在空中指挥气球收藏家收集的效果或接地线,辐射收藏家就业。这些人士包括白炽灯两种金属或氧化物电极在真空网格管,或电弧(汞电极等形式),能斯特灯,还是最终各种火焰可能只是与各导体连接。
It is well known that energy can be drawn of from a cathode consisting of an incandescent body opposite an anode charged with positive electricity (vacuum grid tube). Hitherto however, a cathode was always first directly placed opposite an anode, and secondly the system always consisted of a closed circuit. 众所周知,能源,可以得出一个相反的正电(真空网管)落案控告一名阳极阴极白炽灯机构组成的。然而迄今为止,阴极总是第一个直接放在对面的阳极,其次系统总是一个闭合电路组成。
Now if we dispense with the ordinary ideas in forming light or flame arcs in which a cathode must always stand directly opposite an anode, charged to a high potential or another body freely floating in the air, or regard the incandescent cathode only as a source of unipolar discharge (which represent group and point discharges in electrostatic machines similar to unipolar discharges), it may be ascertained that incandescent cathodes and less perfectly all incandescent radiators, flames and the like admit of relatively large current densities and allow large quantities of electric energy to radiate into the open space in the form of electron streams as transmitters. 现在,如果我们取消形成电弧光或火焰中的阴极必须始终站在对面的费用只能作为来源的潜力或其他肢体自由漂浮在空气中,或把白炽灯阴极阳极,直接在普通的想法单极放电(其中代表机组静电放电,并指出类似单极放电),可以断定,白炽灯阴极少完全所有白炽灯散热器,火焰等承认较大的电流密度,并允许电能的大量辐射到在作为发射电子流的形式打开空间。
The object of this invention is as described below, if such incandescent oxide electrodes or other incandescent radiators or flames are not freely suspended in space but connected metallically with the earth so that they can be charged with negative terrestrial electricity, these radiators possess the property of absorbing the free positive electrical charges contained in the air space surrounding them (that is to say of collecting them and conducting them to earth). They can therefore serve as collectors and have, in comparison to the action of the spikes, or points, a very large radius of action R; the effective capacity of these collectors is much greater than the geometrical capacity (Ro-) calculated in an electrostatic sense. 这项发明的目的是如下所述,如果这种白炽灯氧化物电极或其他白炽灯散热器或火焰不能自由悬浮在空间,但与地球联系,使他们能够负地电负责metallically,散热器拥有这些财产的积极吸收自由的空气中他们周围空间内的电荷(即收集并进行他们大地)。因此,它们可以作为收藏家,并在比较的峰值,或点,行动受体a半径非常大的行动,这些收藏家有效的能力远远大于几何量(注册商标邻)计算的静电感。
Now as our earth is surrounded as is well known with an electrostatic field and the difference of potential 现在我们的地球周围是因为有良好的静电场和差异已知的可能
of the earth field according to the latest investigations, is in summer about 60 to 100 volts and in winter 300 to 500 volts per meter of difference in height ( h ), a simple calculation gives the result that when such a radiation collector or flame collector is arranged for example on the ground, and a second one is mounted vertically over it at a distance of 2000 meters and both are connected by a conducting cable, there is a difference in potential in summer of about 2,000,000 volts and in winter even of 6,000,000 volts and more. 地球方面,根据最新调查,在夏天约为60至100伏和300至500冬季每米的高度差伏(八),一个简单的计算就可以得出的,当这种辐射收藏家或火焰收集是在实地例如安排的结果,而第二个是垂直安装了它在2000米的距离都是由一个进行电缆连接,有一个潜力约200.00万伏,在夏天的差异,甚至600万伏和更多的冬天。
According to Stefan Boltzmann’s law of radiation, the quantity of energy which an incandescent surface (temperature T) of 1 sq cm radiates in a unit of time into the open air (temperature To ) is expressed by the following formula: 据斯蒂芬玻尔兹曼的辐射定律,能量的数量,这是白炽灯的表面(温度T)在一个时间单位为1平方厘米的伸展露天(温度TØ )可以表示为下列公式:
S = (T4 – T4o ) watt./sq cm.
And the universal radiation constant is according to the latest researches of Ferry (Annales de Chimie et de Physique, 17: 267 [1909]) equal to 6.30 x 10-12 watt/sq cm. 和通用辐射常数 是根据最新的研究渡船(化学纪事等物理学,17:267 [1909])等于6.30 × 10-12 瓦/平方厘米。
Now if an in incandescent surface of 1 sq cm shows, as compared with the surrounding space a periodic fall of potential V it radiates (independent of the current direction, that is to say of the sign) in accordance with the above formula, for example at a temperature of 3725° C an energy of 1.6 kw/sq cm/second. As for the radiation the same value can be calculated for the collection of energy, but reversed. Now, as carbon electrodes at the temperature of the electric arc support on the current basis a current density up to from 60 to 65 amperes per sq cm no difficulties will result in this direction in employing radiating collectors as accumulators. 现在,如果在白炽灯的1平方厘米显示表面上,比周围的空间周期性下降的潜力V它辐射(独立的电流方向,即标志的)按照上述公式,例如在对3725扒了1.6千瓦能源温度/平方厘米/秒。对于相同的值可用于计算的辐射能量的收集,但扭转。现在,随着碳电极在电在现有基础上的电流密度,电弧温度不支持从60至65平方厘米没有困难的,在这个方向导致雇用的蓄电池辐射收藏家安培。
If the earth be regarded as a cosmically insulated condenser in the sense of geometrical electrostatics x there results from the geometric (compare Edwald Rasch: Das Elektrische Bogenlicht [The Electric Arc Light], page 169) capacity of the earth according to Chwolson: 如果地球被视为在几何静电感cosmically绝缘冷凝器 x 有结果的几何(比较Edwald拉希: 达斯电气Bogenlicht [电弧光],页169)地球的能力按照奇沃尔松:
For negative charging 1.3 x 106 Coulomb 对于负收费1.3 × 106 库仑
For negative potential V = 10 x 108 volts. 对于负势V = 10 × 108 伏特。
From this there results however, EJT = 24.7 x 1024 watt/sec. Now if it is desired to make a theoretic short circuit through an earthed flame collector this would represent an electric total work of about 79,500 x 1010 kilowatt years. As the earth must be regarded as a rotating mechanism which thermodynamically, electromagnetically and also kinematically coupled with the sun and star system by cosmic radiations and gravitation a diminution of the electric energy of the earth field is not to be feared. The energies which the incandescent collectors would withdraw from the earth field can only case by the withdrawal of motor work a lowering of the earth temperature ( temperature TE = 300 ) and reduce this to that of the world space ( T = O ) by using the entire energy. This is however not the case as the earth does not represent a cosmically entirely insulated system. On the contrary there is conveyed to the same according to the recent value corrected by Perry for the solar constants through the radiation from the sun an energy of 18,500 x 1010 kw. Accordingly, any lowering of the earth temperature (TE) without a simultaneous lowering of the sun’s temperature (Ts) would contradict Stefan Boltzmann’s law of radiation. 从这个结果,但是有,EJT = 24.7 × 1024 瓦特/秒。现在,如果想要能够通过一个接地火焰收藏家提供了理论短路,这将意味着一个电动约79500 × 10个工作10 千瓦年。随着地球必须作为轮值机制,热力学,电磁以及运动学与太阳和宇宙辐射与引力是地球领域的电能缩减星系统加上有关的不是可怕。其中的能量白炽灯收藏家,从地球上字段只能由汽车撤回案件撤回工作的地球温度降低(温度TE = 300)和减少这种对世界的空间性(t = O)的使用整个能源。但是,这是并非如此,因为地球并不代表cosmically完全绝缘系统。相反有转达了同样的根据最近值佩里更正通过辐射来自太阳的18,500能源× 10太阳常数10 万千瓦。因此,任何地球降温(TE )没有同时太阳的温度降低(Tš)将矛盾斯蒂芬玻尔兹曼定律辐射。
S = (s4 – T4 ).
From this it must be concluded that if the earth temperature ( TE ) sinks the total radiation S absorbed by the earth increases, and further also that the secular speed of cooling of the earth is directly dependent on that of the sun and the other radiators cosmically coupled with the sun and is connected most closely with these. 由此,必须得出结论,如果地球温度(TE)汇的总辐射条由地球吸收的增加,并进一步还指出,地球冷却世俗的速度是直接的,大规模的太阳与太阳辐射,加上其他依赖和连接这些最密切。
The incandescent radiation collectors may, according to this invention, be employed for collecting atmospheric electricity if they (1) are charged with the negative earth electricity (that is to say when they are directly connected by means of a metallic conductor with the earth) and (2) if large capacities (metal surfaces) charged with electricity are mounted opposite them as positive poles in the air. This is regarded as the main feature of the present invention as without these inventive ideas it would not be possible to collect with an incandescent collector, sufficiently large quantities of the electrical charges contained in the atmosphere as the technology requires; the radius of action of the flame collectors would also be too small, especially if it be considered that the very small surface density (energy density) ( about = 2 x 7 . 109 St. E. per sq cm ) does not allow of large quantities of charge being absorbed from the atmosphere. 白炽灯辐射收藏家可以根据这项发明,雇用收集大气中的电力,如果他们(1)与地球的负面电力收费(即当他们直接因与地球的金属导线连接)和(2)如果大容量(金属表面)与收取的电力安装相反它们在空气中积极极点。这被认为没有这些是不可能收集与白炽灯收藏家发明思想,作为本发明为主要特征的数量足够大,在大气中的电荷的技术需要,对行动半径火焰收藏家也将太小,特别是当它被认为是非常小的表面密度(能量密度)( 关于= 2 × 7。 109 圣每平方厘米大肠杆菌)不允许的大量正电荷从大气中吸收。
x) Calculated according to Poisson’s calculation: x)计算根据泊松的计算:
; as here the alteration of the potential or potential gradients only ;takes place in the direction o the normal, this calculation assumes the simple form 因为在此情况潜在的或潜在的梯度改变只发生在方向澳正常的地方,这种计算假设的简单形式
It has indeed already been proposed to employ flame collectors for collecting atmospheric electricity and it is known that their collecting effect is substantially greater opposite the points. It is however, not known that the quantities of current which could hitherto be obtained are too small for technical purposes. According to my experiments the reason for this is to be found in the too small capacities of the collector conductor poles. If such flame or radiating collectors have no or only small positive surfaces, their radius of action for large technical purposes is too small. If the incandescent collectors be constantly kept in movement in the air they may collect more according to the speed of the movement, but this again is not capable of being carried out in practice. 它的确已经提出雇用收集大气电火焰收藏家,而且众所周知,他们收集的效果大大点对面更大。不过,这是,不知道,目前的可能是迄今获得的技术而过于小的数量。据我试验的原因是要在收集极的指挥能力,发现太小。如果这种火焰或辐射收藏家没有或只有轻微的表面,其行动半径大的技术目的是太小。如果白炽灯不断收集保存在空气中运动,他们可能会收集更多的根据运动的速度,但这也不是被实际履行能力。
By this invention the collector effect is considerably increased by a body charged with a positive potential and of the best possible capacity being also held floating (without direct earth connection) opposite such an incandescent collector which is held floating in the air at a desired height. If for example, a collecting balloon of sheet metal or of metalized balloon fabric be caused to mount to 300 up to 3000 meters in the air and as positive pole it is brought opposite such a radiating collector connected by a conductor to the earth, quite different results are obtained. 本发明的收集效果大大增加了一个积极的发展潜力和能力,是最好的一个机构负责还举行了浮动(不直接接地),相反这样的白炽灯收藏家是举行空气中漂浮在理想的高度。如果例如,金属板材收集气球或气球的金属化织物造成装入可达3000米,在空中和正极是相反了这样的一对导线连接地球辐射收藏家,带来了完全不同的300出成效。
The metallic balloon shell (with a large surface) is charged to a high potential by the atmospheric electricity. This potential is greater the higher the collecting balloon is above the incandescent collector. The positive electricity acts concentratedly on the anode floating in the air as it is attracted through the radiation shock ionization, proceeding from the incandescent cathode. The consequence of this is that the radius of action of the incandescent cathode collector is considerably increased and thereby also the collection effect of the collecting balloon surface. Further the large capacity of the anode floating in the air plays therefore an important part because it allows of the taking o large charges, and thereby a more uniform current is obtained even when there is a large consumption: this cannot be the case with small surfaces. 在金属(与大型水面)气球shell是一个高收费的潜力,大气的电力。这可能是更大更高的收集气球高于白炽灯收藏家。积极行为集中的电力就在空中漂浮阳极,因为它是通过电离辐射引起的冲击,从白炽灯阴极进行。这一结果是,对收集的白炽灯阴极行动半径大大增加,从而也是搜集气球表面收集的影响。进一步在空中漂浮了阳极因此,大容量的一个重要组成部分,因为它的收费采取Ø允许大,从而更均匀的电流得到即使是一个大的消费:这不可能是小面案。
In the present case the metallic collecting balloon is a positive anode floating in the air and the end of the earth conductor of this balloon serves as positive pole surface opposite the surface of the radiating incandescent cathode, which in turn is charged with negative earth electricity being conductively connected to earth. 在本案中,金属收集气球是一个积极的阳极在空中浮这个气球接地导体年底作为积极的对面辐射白炽灯阴极,而这又是负地球表面被指控电力杆面conductively连接到大地。
The process may be carried out by two such contacts (negative incandescent cathode and anode end of a capacity floating in the air) a condenser and an inductive resistance being switched on in parallel, whereby simultaneously undamped oscillations may be formed. 这个过程可能进行由两个这样的接触(负面白炽灯阴极和在空气中漂浮容量的阳极月底),电容器和一个电阻被归纳在并行,即无阻尼振荡开关同时可能形成。
In very large installations it is advisable to connect two such radiating collectors in series. Thus an arc light incandescent cathode may be placed below on the open ground and an incandescent cathode which is heated by special electromagnetic currents be located high in the air. Of course for this the special vacuum Liebig tubes wit or without grids may also be employed. An ordinary arc lamp with oxide electrodes may be introduced on the ground and the positive pole is not directly connected with the collecting balloon, but through the upper incandescent cathode or over a condenser. The method of connecting the incandescent cathode floating in the air may be seen in Figures 29-33. 在非常大的设备,最好连接串联这种辐射收藏家。因此,一阴极电弧光白炽灯下可放置在空地和白炽灯阴极是由特殊的电磁加热电流,坐落在高空。造成此问题的特别比希管机智或无网格真空当然也可聘用。一个普通的氧化物电极的弧光灯,可在当地提出和积极极不直接收集与气球相连,而是通过白炽灯阴极上或通过冷凝器。在阴极连接白炽灯空气中漂浮的方法可以看出,在图29-33。
B is the air balloon, K a Cardan ring (connection with the hawser), C the balloon, L a good connecting cable, P a positive pole, N negative incandescent cathode, and E earth conductor. B是气球,钾万向环(与锚链连接),C的气球,L座良好的连接电缆,P的正极,ñ负白炽灯阴极和E接地导体。
Figure 29 represents the simplest form of construction. If electric oscillations are produced below on the ground by means of a carbon arc lamp or in other suitable way a considerably greater electric resistance is opposed to that in the direct way by inserting an electrical inductive resistance 9. Consequently between P and N, a voltage is formed, and as, over N and P only an inductionless ohmic resistance is present, a spark will spring over so long as the separate induction co-efficients and the like are correctly calculated. The consequence of this is that the oxide electrode (carbon or the like) is rendered incandescent and then shows as incandescent cathode an increased collecting effect. The positive poles must be substantially larger than the negative in order that they may not also become incandescent. As they are further connected with the large balloon area which has a large capacity and is charged at high voltage, an incandescent body which is held floating in the air and a positive pole which can collect large capacities is thereby obtained in the simplest way. The incandescent cathode is first caused to become incandescent by means of separate energy produced on the earth, and then maintained by the energy collected from the atmosphere. 图29代表了最简单的形式建设。如果电振荡生产地面低于一个碳弧灯或其他适当的方式在相当大的电阻是反对的直接方式,通过插入一个电子感应电阻9手段。因此P和N之间,形成一个电压,以及对氮,磷,只有1欧姆电阻归纳的存在,将春天的火花,只要多单独诱导合作efficients等都是正确计算。这一后果是氧化物电极(碳或类似)呈现白炽灯,然后作为阴极显示白炽灯增加收集的效果。积极极点必须大大大于负面,使他们也能成为白炽灯。由于他们还涉嫌与大气球地区拥有大容量,在高电压,白炽灯机构,举行空气中飘浮和积极的电线杆可以收集,从而大容量是在最简单的方式获得的费用。白炽灯阴极首先成为造成地球上产生不同的能量手段白炽灯,然后从大气中收集到的能量维持。
Figure 30 only shows the difference that instead of a round balloon a cigar-shaped one (of metal or metalized fabric) may be employed and also a condenser 5 is inserted between the incandescent cathode and the earth conductor so that a short circuited oscillation circuit over P.N. 5 and 9 is obtained. This has the advantage that quite small quantities of electricity cause the cathode to become incandescent and much larger cathode bodies may be rendered incandescent. 图30只显示了,而不是圆形气球一个雪茄形1(金属或金属化织物)可受聘也是冷凝器5不同的是阴极之间的白炽灯和地球导体插入以便在振荡电路短路了通知书5日和9获得。这样做的好处是非常小的电力数量导致阴极成为白炽灯和更大的阴极机构可能呈现白炽灯。
In this form of construction both the incandescent cathode and also the positive electrode may be enclosed in a vacuum chamber as may be seen in Figure 32. A cable L is carried well insulated through the cover of a vessel and ends in a condenser disc 5. The cover is arched in order to keep off the rain. The vessel is entirely or partially made of magnetic metal and well-insulated inside and outside. Opposite the disc 5 another disc 6 and on this again a positive pile of the vacuum tube g with the incandescent cathode (oxide electrode) N is arranged. The negative electrode is on the one hand connected with the earth conductor E, and on the other hand with the inductive resistance 9 which is also connected with the cable L with the positive pole and wound round the vessel in coils. The action is exactly the same as that in Figure 29 only instead of an open incandescent cathode one enclosed in vacuo is employed. As in such collectors only small bodies can be brought to incandescence in large installations a plurality of such vacuum tubes must be inserted in proximity to one another. According to the previous constructions Figures 31 and 33 are quite self evident without further explanations. 在这两种建筑形式的白炽灯阴极,也是积极的电极可存放于可能在图32看到了真空室。阿L是通过电缆绝缘以及通过船只的覆盖面和在冷凝器盘5结束。拱形的封面是为了挡雨。该船是完全或部分由磁性金属和良好的绝缘内外。对面光盘5另一张光盘6日,这又是真空管积极桩与白炽灯阴极(氧化物电极)不详克的安排。负极是与地球上的位置连接导体一方面,另一方面则与感应电阻9,这也符合与阳极和伤口周围船只在线圈电缆蜇连接。这一行动是完全一样,如图29只,而不是一个开放的白炽灯阴极一在真空密封是就业。正如只有小的组织,能够带来较大的安装到白热的这种多元性等真空管收藏家必须插入在彼此接近。根据以往的结构图31及33条自我感觉明显没有进一步解释。
Figures 34-37 represent further diagrams of connections over radiating and flame collectors, and in fact, how they are to be arranged on the ground. 数字相当于34-37辐射和火焰收集进一步的连接图,事实上,它们是如何将当地安排。
Figure 34 shows an arc light collector with oxide electrodes for direct current and its connection; Figure 35 a similar one for alternating current, Figure 36 an incandescent collector with a Nernst lamp and Figure 37 a similar one with a gas flame. 图34显示了与氧化物电极的弧光集电极直流及其联系;图35一个类似的交流电流,图36一个具有能斯特灯和图37与火焰的气体收集类似的白炽灯。
The positive pole 1 of the radiating collectors is always directly connected to the aerial collecting conductor A. In Figure 34 this is further connected over the condenser battery 5 with a second positive electrode 3. The direct current dynamo b produces current which flows over between the electrodes 3 and 2 as an arc light. On the formation of an arc the negative incandescent electrode 2 absorbs electricity from the positive poles standing opposite it and highly charged with atmospheric electricity and conveys the same to the working circuit. The spark gap 7, inductive resistance 9 and induction coil 10 are like the ones previously described. The protective electromagnet S guards the installation against earth circuiting, the safety spark gap 8 from excess voltage or overcharging. 积极极的辐射收藏家1总是直接连接到空中收集图34导体答:这是进一步对电池5冷凝器连接第二个积极的电极3。直流发电机 b 流动产生电流,电极之间的3和2个以上作为弧光灯。在一个弧形的负面白炽灯形成电极2吸收对面的地位极电的积极和高度与大气电力起诉,传达相同的工作电路。火花间隙7,感应电阻9和感应线圈有10个像前面描述的那些。保护电磁铁拧警卫对地短路装置,安全火花隙8过电压或滥收费用。
In Figure 35 the connection is so far altered that the alternating current dynamo feeds the exciting coil 11 of the induction condenser. 12 is its negative and 13 its positive pole; if the coil 3 on the magnet core of the dynamo is correctly calculated and the periodicity of the alternating current is sufficiently high an arc light can be formed between the two poles 1 and 2. As the cathode 2 is connected with the negatively charged earth, and therefore always acts as a negative pole, a form of rectification of the alternating current produced by the dynamo 3 is obtained, the second half of the period is always suppressed. The working circuit may be carried out in the same way as in Figure 34; the working gap 7 may however be dispensed with, and instead thereof between the points m and n a condenser 5 and an induction resistance 9 may be inserted from which the current is taken inductively. 在图35的连接是迄今为止改变的交流电发电机助长了令人振奋的线圈的感应冷凝器11。 12日是它的消极和积极的13杆,如果对发电机磁芯线圈三是正确计算和交流电频率足够高的弧光灯,可两极1和2组成。由于阴极连接2负电荷与地球,因此,一直作为负极,一对交流电所生产的发电机3获得的后半期是一直压抑整风形式的行为。工作电路可进行同样的方式,如图34;工作的差距不过5月7日被免除,点之间的钠米和冷凝器5 1 9感应电阻,而不是其可能被插入从中电流采取归纳。
Figure 36 represents a form of construction similar to Figure 34 only that here instead of an arc lamp a Nernst incandescent body is employed. The Nernst lamp is fed through the battery 3. The working section is connected with the negative pole, the safety spark gap with the + poles. The working spark gap 7 may also be dispensed with and the current for it taken at 12 over the oscillation circuit 5, 11 (shown in dotted lines). 图36是一个建造类似图34只,这里的形式而不是一个弧灯一斯特白炽灯身体就业。能斯特灯投进电池3。工作部分是相连的负极,与+极安全火花隙。工作火花隙5月7日也可以取消和它在12日接管了振荡电路5日,11电流(虚线所示)。
Flame collectors (Figure 37) may also be employed according to this invention. The wire network 1 is connected with the aerial collector conductor A and the burner with the earth. At the upper end of the latter, long points are provided which project into the flame. The positive electrode is connected with the negative over a condenser 5 and the induction coil 9 with the earth. 火焰收藏家(图37),也可聘用根据这项发明。 1导线连接网络与空中指挥A和收集与地球燃烧。在后者的高端,长点提供到火焰的项目。积极电极连接与冷凝器超过5负和感应线圈与地球9。
The novelty in this invention is firstly, the use of incandescent cathodes opposite positive poles which are connected with large metallic capacities as automatic collecting surfaces, (2) the connection of the incandescent cathodes with the earth whereby, in addition to the electricity conveyed to them from the battery or machine which causes the incandescing, also the negative charge of the earth potential is conveyed, and (3) the connection of the positive and negative poles of the radiating collectors over a condenser circuit alone or with the introduction of a suitable inductive resistance, whereby simultaneously an oscillatory oscillation circuit may be obtained. The collecting effect is by these methods quite considerably increased. 在这个发明是:第一,相反是作为大型金属自动采集能力,积极的两极连接使用白炽灯阴极表面的新颖性,(2)与地球上的白炽灯阴极连接,即,除传达给他们的电力从电池或机器这将导致incandescing,也是地球的潜力是传达负电荷,以及(3)对辐射收藏家正负极超过冷凝器电路单独或与一个适当的归纳介绍连接电阻,即同时振荡电路的振荡可能获得。在收集这些方法的效果相当显着增加。
I declare that what I claim is: --- [ Claims not included here ] 我宣布我的声明是:--- [这里不包括]
Nu Energy Technologies 努能源技术
A Leading Source for Clean & Economical Energy... powering our future with revolutionary radio ionic energy 一种清洁能源和经济主要来源... 供电与我们的未来革命电台离子能量
INVENTION AND DISCOVERY _____________________________________________________________________ Radiant Energy Power Generation
It would be logical to expect that the discovery of fission was the authoritative answer to nuclear science. It would be normal also Nuclear to expect that no single individual could really claim to be its Science "inventor," since it is a natural physical process. The efforts of hundreds of dedicated scientists were required to bring it into has been existence. Countless descriptions on the origin of atomic decay have been theorized. Since the advent of the atomic chain reaction incorrect nuclear science has been written into scientific law. However, this since the was based on atomic-bomb era mentality and is not correct according to what the author of this book has unveiled. advent of Mr. Bruce A. Perreault knows the truth about nuclear reactions. the Atomic He is a catalyst who will ultimately lead humankind to the successful development of radiant energy power generators. "chain By any normal standard this man is the discoverer of a revised reaction" nuclear standard that promises to open new roads to invention and discovery. 辐射能源发电
这将是符合逻辑的期望,裂变的发现是权威的答案核科学。这将是正常的也是核期望,没有一个人能真正声称它的科学“的发明者,”因为它是一个自然的物理过程。专用的数百名科学家的努力还需要使已经存在了。对原产无数原子衰变了理论化的描述。由于原子链反应不正确核科学已纳入科学规律的书面到来。然而,由于这是基于原子弹时代的心态,是不正确的根据是什么,这种情况并公布了本书的作者。布鲁斯先生答:佩雷奥特来临知道有关核反应的真相。原子的催化剂,他是谁最终将导致人类的辐射能量发电的成功发展。 “通过任何正常的标准链条这个人是一个修订的反应”核标准,能开辟新的道路,发明和发现的发现者。
Bruce A. Perreault, P. O. Box 22, Rumney, New Hampshire 03266-0022 USA Copyrighted © 1999, 2000 & 2001 All Rights Reserved 布鲁斯答佩雷奥特,邮政信箱22 Rumney,美国新罕布什尔州03266-0022 版权保护© 1999,2000和2001年保留所有权利
Website: http://www.nuenergy.org
$24.95 USD Retail
Biography (Wikipedia) Meridian International Research: Atmospheric Electricity Research Science & Invention (Feb. 1922): "Power from the Air" (I) Science & Invention (March 1922): "Power from the Air" (II) Plauson's Electrical Patents (List) H. Plauson: USP # 1,540,998 -- Conversion of Atmospheric Electricity H. Plauson: British Patent # 157,262 -- Improvements in Electric Motors H. Plauson: British Patent # 157,263 -- Process & Apparatus for Converting Static Atmospheric Electrical Energy into Dynamic Electrical Energy...
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermann_Plauson
Biography
Hermann Plauson was an Estonian engineer and inventor. Plauson investigated the production of energy and power via atmospheric electricity. 赫尔曼Plauson 爱沙尼亚是一个工程师,发明家。 Plauson调查,通过大气的电力能源和电力生产。
Plauson was the director of the Fischer-Tropsch "Otto Traun Research Laboratories" in Hamburg, Germany during the Weimar Republic of the 1920s. He built on Nikola Tesla's idea for connecting machinery to the "wheelwork of nature". Plauson's US Patent # 1,540,998 describes methods to convert alternating radiant static electricity into rectified continuous current pulses. He developed the Plauson's converter, an electrostatic generator. In 1920, Plauson published a book titled "Production and Utilization of the Atmospheric Electricity" (Gr., Gewinnung und Verwertung der Atmospharischen Elektrizitat). A copy of this book is in the British Library. Plauson是该董事费托“奥托特劳恩研究实验室”在汉堡,在20世纪20年代德国的魏玛共和国。他建立连接机制的性质“wheelwork”的尼古拉特斯拉的想法。 Plauson的 美国专利号1540998 描述的方法可以转换成交流电整流连续电流脉冲辐射静电。他开发了Plauson的转换器,静电发生器。 1920年,Plauson出版了一本名为“生产和大气用电“(克。,Gewinnung达科Verwertung报Atmospharischen Elektrizitat)。本书的副本是在大英图书馆。
It is believed that he was related to Gertrud Plauson (the exact relationship is unknown; she may be his wife). 据认为,他是与楚德Plauson(确切的关系不明,她可能是他的妻子)。
"Power from the Air". Science and Invention , Feb. 1922, no. 10. Vol IX, Whole No. 106. New York. ( nuenergy.org ) "Power from the Air". Science and Invention , March 1922.
Science and Invention, Vol. IX (106) #10 (February 1922)
Power from the Air (I) 空气中的能源
by
Hugo Gernsback
During the war there was developed in Germany a new art --- or science --- that bids fair to revolutionize our present means of obtaining power. 战争期间,在德国开发了一种新的艺术--- 或科学--- ---出价公平的革命化取得权力我们目前的手段。
This art, which is as new now as wireless was 25 years ago, will attain proportions during the next 25 years that may appear fantastic today. The inventor of the new science, an engineer of note, Herr Hermann Plauson, has devoted years of labor to his researches and he has now actually in use small power plants, that generate electricity direct from the air, day and night, without interruption at practically no cost, once the plant is constructed. We had occasion, in one of our former issues, to describe the system, roughly, from cabled dispatches, but complete information is available now. The amount of electrical power that resides in our atmosphere is astounding. Herr Plauson found in his experiments that a single balloon sent aloft to a height of 300 yards gave a constant current at 400 volts of 1.8 amperes, or in 24 hours over 17-1/4 kilowatts! By using two balloons in connection with a special condenser battery, the power obtained was 81-1/2 kilowatts in 24 hours. The actual current delivered was 6.8 amperes at 500 volts. 这种艺术,这是现在新的无线25年前,将实现在未来25年内可能出现今天表现很棒的比例。新的科学的说明,杜林赫尔曼Plauson,工程师一直致力于劳动,他的研究,他目前实际上已在使用中不中断小型发电厂,产生的电力从空中,直接日夜,在多年的发明者实际上没有任何费用,一旦工厂建造。 我们有机会,在我们以前的问题之一,以描述系统,大约从致电调度,但完整的资料现已上市。在电力,在我们的居住环境数额惊人。杜林Plauson在他的实验中发现,单一的气球也难怪到了300码的高度介绍了恒流400 1.8安培,或在24小时内的电压17-1/4万千瓦!通过使用一个特殊的冷凝器电池连接两个气球,获得的权力是81-1/2在24小时内万千瓦。目前实际交付为6.8安培,500伏特。
The best balloons used by the inventor are made of thin aluminum leaf. No fabric was used. A simple internal system of ribs, stays and wires, gives the balloon rigidity as well as a certain amount of elasticity. The balloon, when made airtight, is filled with hydrogen or better, with helium. It will then stay aloft for weeks at a time. The outer surface is dotted with extremely sharp pins, made sharp electrolytically. Ordinary pins did not prove good current collectors, as they lacked extreme sharpness. The pins themselves were made from amalgamated zinc, containing a radium preparation, in order to ionize the air. It was also found that by dotting the outer surface of the balloon with zinc-amalgam more current could be collected. Even better results were obtained with polonium amalgam. Plauson states that the function of these amalgams is purely photoelectric. 最好的由发明使用的气球是由薄铝叶。没有用面料。一个简单的肋骨,保持和电线内部系统,使气球刚性以及一定的弹性。该气球,当了密闭,充满氢气或更好,氦。然后它将停留在一个星期的时间升空。外表面上点缀着极其尖锐的针,提出尖锐的电解。普通针没有证明好当前的收藏家,因为他们缺乏极端的清晰度。本身是从合并锌作出针,含有镭的准备,以电离空气。还发现,点睛的锌气球外表面汞合金更多的电流可以被收集起来。甚至更好的效果,得到了钋的混合物。 Plauson国家,这些汞合金功能纯粹是光电。
One hundred of such captive balloons, separated one hundred yards from each other, will give a steady yield of 200 horsepower. This is the minimum, because in the winter this figure increases up to 400 horsepower, due to the higher electrification of the atmosphere. 这样的一个俘虏分开百相互码气球,100,将200马力的稳定收益。这是起码的,因为在冬季,这一数字上升至400马力,由于大气中较高的电气化。
We need not go into the technic of how the current is finally made useable for industrial purposes, suffice it to say that the problem has been entirely solved by Herr Plauson. By using batteries of condensers, high tension transformers, etc., the current can be transformed to any form desires. Such as for lighting lamps, running motors, charging storage batteries, etc. 我们不必进入当前如何最终为工业用途,可用,足以说明这个问题已经完全解决了杜林Plauson技术。通过使用电容电池,高压变压器等,目前可以转化为任何形式的欲望。如照明灯具,运行电机,蓄电池充电等
Plauson also invented a sort of electrostatic rotary transformer which gives alternating current without the use of condensers and transformers. Indeed, its output is very great, as it actually ‘sucks’ the current down rapidly from the collector balloons. There is no doubt that this invention will soon come into universal use all over the world. We will see the land dotted with captive balloons, particularly in the country and wherever water power does not abound. Indeed, the time is not distant when nearly all of our power will be derived from the atmosphere. So far it seems to be the cheapest form of power known, it being much cheaper even than water power --- the cheapest form of power known today. Not only that, but as the inventor points out, no devastating thunder storms occur near such aerial power plants, because the balloons act not only as lightning arresters, but they quickly discharge the biggest thunder cloud, safely and noiselessly through their grounded spark gaps. Plauson还发明了旋转变压器的静电赋予交替没有电容和变压器使用当前排序。事实上,它的输出是很大的,因为它实际上是'吸'的电流下降迅速从收集气球。毫无疑问,这一发明将很快成为普遍使用到世界各地。我们将看到留气球,尤其是在国家和地方水的权力并不盛产星罗棋布的土地。事实上,时间并不遥远时,几乎所有的力量将是从大气中产生。到目前为止,它似乎是最便宜的权力形式称,它是便宜得多,甚至比水的力量---今天的已知最便宜的权力形式。不仅如此,但由于发明人所指出的,没有发生破坏性雷雨空中,这样,发电厂,因为气球的行为不仅避雷器,但他们很快就出院最大的积雨云,安全,无声地通过其基础火花差距。
Science & Invention (March 1922), page 1006, 1007
Power from the Air (II) 空气中的能源
by
Hugo Gernsback
[ For many years electrical engineers have endeavored to devise some means whereby it would become possible to utilize the free electrical energy ever present in the atmosphere, but they were not successful, as every now and then an extra heavy surge of static current would rush down the elevated conductor and endanger the lives of the experimenters, or else destroy the apparatus connected with it. A German engineer has, however, devised the somewhat elaborate scheme here shown in brief, and he has succeeded, at least so his report states, in safely extracting several kilowatts of electrical power from the atmosphere with metallic surfaced balloons, elevated to a height of only 1000 feet. ] [多年来电气工程师一直努力制订一些措施,使将成为可能利用自由的电能都大气层中存在的,但并没有成功,因为现在每一个额外的沉重的,然后迅速增加的静态电流将奔泻高架指挥和危及实验者,或者销毁的生命与它连接的设备。德国工程师,然而,有些精心设计的计划,在这里简要显示,他已成功,起码在他的报告指出,在安全与提取金属大气中出现的气球几千瓦的电力,提升到一个高度仅1000英尺。 ]
Illustration [ Opens in new page ]
We have previously treated of the extraction of electrical energy from the atmosphere. The difference of electric potential in different parts of the atmosphere, and the difference between the upper air and earth make it a tempting proposition to obtain power from atmospheric electricity. The power would take the form of high potential difference with a discharge almost of a static nature. It has long appeared rather doubtful to conservative engineers, if such a source of power should really be available. Yet when we see the lightning flash, it certainly suggests very high power, even though the total of its energy may be small, on account of the small duration of the discharge It is not to the thunder storm that we look for getting power from the atmosphere, as the subject is now being seriously investigated. A German scientist, Hermann Plauson, has published a very elaborate work on this subject, and has investigated the use of kites, balloons and towers, for the utilization of the high potentials existing in the air at different altitudes, and has studied out the construction of motors to be operated by the peculiar type of discharge which will be obtained, if the projects are successfully carried out. 我们曾处理的电能从空气中提取。在大气的不同部分的电势差,和高空之间的差异和地球使它成为一个诱人的命题,从大气中获取电力。电力将采取高几乎与静态性放电电位差的形式。长期以来,似乎有点令人怀疑保守的工程师,如果这种权力的来源,其实应该可用。然而,当我们看到闪电,它当然意味着非常高的功率,即使其能源总可能很小,对所排放污水的,是不是向雷雨我们为获得看一看了小持续时间大气,环保问题正在认真调查。德国科学家赫尔曼Plauson,出版了关于这个问题的一个非常细致的工作,并调查了风筝,气球和塔使用,对空气中的,在不同高度潜力的高利用率,并研究了建设马达来操作的特殊类型的排放将得到,如果项目建设的顺利进行。
We will first speak of the methods used for collecting electricity from the upper air. The author cites several German patents. One of them shows the use of a kite balloon. The balloon is shown floating in the air, kite fashion, and from it hangs a great net or aerial for the collection of electricity. The conductor from the aerial leads to the ground station; quite an elaborate description is given of the net-work which the patentee proposes to have covered with needle points. A windlass takes in or pays out cable for the balloon, and the patentee claims that by sending the apparatus to a height of about one mile he will have 225,000 volts to draw upon. He then speaks o a battery of 20,000 cells in series, which will use up to 40,000 to 50,000 volts in the charging. This certainly provides for a reasonable large fall of potential. 我们将首先发言,收集从高空用电量的方法。撰文列举了若干德国专利。其中一人显示了一个风筝气球使用。显示的气球在空中漂浮,风筝的方式,从它挂起一个伟大的净或电力收集天线。从导致空中向地面指挥站,相当详尽的描述,是对网络工作专利权建议与意见包括:给予针。阿绞盘或支付时间为气球线,专利权人声称,该仪器通过发送至约一英里的高度,他将有225000伏借鉴。然后他谈到了20,000办公系列,将使用在收费为4.0万至5.0万伏电池芯。这无疑提供了一个合理的潜力很大下降。
But our author discards this idea and first suggests something more permanent. He proposes the erection of towers to be in the neighborhood of 1,000 feet high, or about the height of the Eiffel Tower. At the summit he has his collecting aerial. The appliance consists of a number of copper tubes; within each one he proposes to burn gas lamps, whose products of combustion will reach the aerial, a collecting net-work covering the tops of the tubes. One of his apprehensions is that if rain should wet his connections trouble might ensue, so he proposes a protection at the top in the shape of a great bell-like shield, resembling in his terms “a Siamese pagoda”. He also compares the form of the protection to that of a great petticoat insulator. Another of his difficulties is that he must have his tower insulated from the earth. He, therefore describes a complicated foundation for his structure. He proposes first to pour in at the bottom of the excavation a foundation of simple concrete. On this he places a layer of asphalt, and then a layer of cast glass, three to ten feet thick, and then comes a reinforced concrete foundation, to which the metallic foot of the tower is to be anchored. This foundation must rise at least seven feet above the ground level, and is to be boarded in on all sides to protect it from moisture. The author’s idea s to erect a number of these towers connected by a horizontal cable, to which the aerials for collection of potentials are secured. 但是,我们的作者抛弃这个概念,并首次提出更长久的东西。他建议竖立的塔楼将在1000英尺高的,或邻居对艾菲尔铁塔的高度。在首脑会议上,他有他的搜集空中。该设备由一铜管数目;在每一个他建议燃烧煤气灯,燃烧,其产品将在空中,一收集网络的工作涵盖了管的顶部。他的顾虑之一是,如果下雨,他要湿连接问题可能产生的,因此他建议在在一个伟大的钟形,顶部如盾牌的保护,在他而言,“暹罗类似宝塔”。他还比较了保护形式是一个伟大的裙子绝缘。他的困难,另一个原因是,他必须有他从地球上塔绝缘。因此,他描述了一个复杂的结构基础。他建议先倒在挖掘一个简单的混凝土地基底部英寸在这个地方,他的沥青层,然后一式玻璃,3至10英尺厚的一层,然后而来的钢筋混凝土基础,对此塔的金属脚被锚定。这个基础,必须上升至少7级以上的地面英尺,要登上各方以防止水分它。作者的想法s到竖立一个横向电缆,对此收集的潜力有担保的天线连接这些塔楼数目。
The author strongly advocates balloons as collectors of the electric power of the air. These he depicts covered with spots. These spots indicate areas to be variously coated and prepared to collect potential from the atmosphere. 撰文强烈主张作为空中电力收藏家气球。他描述了这些覆盖点。这些点表示的领域得到variously涂层,准备搜集潜在的气氛。
In the first place he describes the balloon as made of thin metallic leaf supported by internal ribs. Steel wires silver-plated, copper-plated, or aluminum-coated, run from the balloon to the pendant or junction ring. To this ring the tether cable is attached and runs to an insulated windlass on the surface of the earth. The balloon is to rise to an altitude varying from 300 feet to three miles. 首先,他形容,薄金属内部肋骨支持的钢板气球。钢丝镀银,镀铜,或铝涂层,从气球到坠饰或结环运行。在这方面的纽带电缆连接,运行到对地球表面绝缘卷扬机环。在气球上升到海拔300英尺,从三英里不等。
The coating of the spots is to be of the thinnest amalgam, of mercury and gold, or zinc, or even polonium, perhaps only 1/2500 inch thick. All over the upper face of the balloon are numberless metal points. To prepare the needle-like wires, they are collected into bundles and are treated electrolytically in a bath, so as to be dissolved in part. This gives a sharp point and roughened surface, all adapted for collecting the electric energy. The points may be of copper, steel, or some hard metallic alloy. After this corrosion. As it may be termed, the wires are plated with gold or other of the so-called noble metals. It is advised that polonium or radium salts be added to the plating bath. 该点涂层成为最薄的汞,汞,金,或锌,甚至钋,也许只有1 / 2500英寸厚。在气球上的脸都是数不清的金属点。为了准备像电线针,他们收集成束,并在一浴处理电解,以便解散部分。这给出了一个尖锐的问题和粗糙的表面,所有收集的电能调整。该点可能是铜,钢,或一些硬金属合金。之后腐蚀。因为它可以说是,电线都镀有黄金或所谓的贵金属等。据表示,钋和镭盐加入镀液。
Dr Plauson devotes many pages of his book to describing his motor. This is a rotary motor including a stator and rotor and its peculiarity is that it contains no coils, develops no electromagnetic field properly speaking, but works by static excitation. One typical arrangement is shown in our illustration. The stator plates and rotor plates are concentric with each other, representing segments of cylinders. The alternation of negative and positive charged plates produces the rotation. In the connections there is included a safety spark gap to take care of dangerous potentials. Inductances and capacities are also used and indicated. It was found that the plates heated, owing to the Foucalt currents, and to overcome this, several methods of subdividing the stator and rotor plates, are described by the author. 医生Plauson致力于他的著作很多页的描述他的汽车。这是一个旋转的电动机包括定子,转子,其特点是,它不包含线圈,开发无电磁场严格地说,但作品静止励磁。一个典型的安排是显示在我们的例子。定子,转子板板块彼此同心,占气瓶部分。的消极和积极负责板交替产生旋转。在连接有包括安全火花隙照顾危险潜力。电感和能力也使用和说明。结果发现,加热板块,由于福柯电流,并克服这一点,细分板块定子和转子的几种方法,是由作者描述。
The whole subject is quite captivating, and it really seems as if the utilization of the electricity of the air may be almost in sight. It would seem possible to carry out experiments in this direction by means of the Eiffel Tower, but of course, the trouble here is that the tower is grounded, and perfect insulation of the collecting surface is absolutely essential. 整个主题是很迷人,真好像在空气中的用电,可几乎看不到。似乎有可能将进行这个方向的艾菲尔铁塔的实验,当然,麻烦的是,该塔为基础,和完善的收集表面绝缘是绝对必要的。
And now our author gives us some practical details. He says that on the Finland plains he carried out experiments with a balloon made of aluminum leaf with collecting needles of amalgamated zinc with a radium preparation as an ionizer. The surface of the balloon was sprinkled over with zinc amalgam. It was sent up to a height of 300 meters, early 1,000 feet, and was held by a copper-plated steel wire. A constant current of 1.8 amperes at an average of 400 volts potential difference was obtained. This gave nearly three-quarters of a kilowatt, or close to one horsepower. The collector of the balloon insulated from the earth showed a tension of 42,000 volts. By sending up a second balloon with an antenna to the same height at a distance of 100 meters from the first balloon, a current of over 3 amperes was obtained. Then by putting into the circuit a large condenser, whose capacity was equal to the surface capacity of both balloons, and of the antenna connections, the current rose to 6.8 amperes with about 500 volts mean tension. By the use of these two balloons, he eventually ran up the power to 3.4 kilowatts. 现在我们的作者为我们提供了一些实用的细节。他说,芬兰平原上,他进行了铝的钢板锌与合并,以收集针头作为离子发生器镭气球实验作准备。该气球表面洒上锌汞齐了。它被送往可达300米,1000英尺的高度年初,并是由镀铜钢丝举行。恒定为1.8安培在400伏特电位差平均获得。这给了将近3千瓦的1或接近1马力宿舍。从地球绝缘,气球收集展示了4.2万伏的紧张局势。通过发送了一个在100米的第一个气球,超过300安培天线的距离,获得相同的第二个气球的高度。然后到电路把一个大电容,其容量相当于两个气球表面的能力,以及天线连接,目前上涨约500伏特的六点八安培意味着紧张。通过这两个气球使用,他终于跑到电力3.4亿千瓦。
Plauson's Electrical Patents Plauson的电气专利
USP # 1,540,998 Conversion of Atmospheric Electric Energy 转换大气电能 6-09-1925
GB157262 Improvements in Electric Motors 改进电机 1922-07-10
GB157263 Process and Apparatus for Converting Static Atmospheric Electrical Energy into Dynamic Electrical Energy of any Suitable High Periodicity 转换过程和大气电能静态到动态仪电能任何适合高频率 7-10-1922
British Patent # 299,735 Apparatus for Producing Rapidly Moving Electrons 生产快速移动电子的装置 7-15-1930
FI21227 Elektrisk uppvärmningsanordning 4-25-1946
Varmelegeme med elektriske varmemodstande DK67691C 9-27-1948
FR877362 Dispositif de chauffage électrique 12-04-1942
DE734794 Elektrisches Heizsystem 4-24-1943
CH222509 Elektrischer Heizkörper zur Erwärmung von Flüssigkeiten 7-31-1942
DE738107 Elektrolyt fuer unmittelbare elektrische Warmwasser-Radiatorenheizung mit Elektroden 8-03-1943
DE433476 Verfahren zur Herstellung von Elektroden und Schleifkontakten fuer Dynamomaschinen 8-31-1926
CH94021 Elektrode und Verfahren zu deren Herstellung 4-01-1922
CA226423 Electrode for Electrolytic Apparatuses 电解仪表的电极 11-21-1922
http://www.meridian-int-res.com/Energy/Atmospheric.htm
Atmospheric Electricity Research 大气电学研究 [ Excerpts ]摘录
In the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, a large number of researchers investigated ways to extract electrical power from the Earth's ambient electric field. 在19世纪和20世纪初,有大量的调查研究方法,提取地球周围电场的电力。
The leader in this field was Dr Hermann Plauson who in the 1920s succeeded in generating significant quantities of electrical power comparable with modern solar photovoltaic systems of a similar scale... 在这一领域的领先者是何赫尔曼Plauson谁在电力发电的大量具有现代太阳类似规模的光伏系统的可比20世纪20年代成功地...
The leader in this field before the Second World War appears to have been Dr Hermann Plauson. Dr Plauson was an Estonian citizen who lived in Hamburg and Switzerland. He carried out experiments in Finland with aerostats manufactured from magnesium-aluminium alloy, covered with electrolytically deposited needles. The needles were further doped with a radium compound to increase local ionisation of the air. (This was the era in which the hands of watches were hand painted with radium to make them luminous in the dark). Zinc amalgam patches were also painted onto the aerostats. Plauson obtained a power output of between 0.72kW and 3.4kW from one and two aerostats 300m above ground level. Dr Plauson filed patents in the USA, Great Britain and Germany in the 1920s. His book "Gewinnung und Verwertung der Atmosphärischen Elektrizität" is the most detailed known account of the technology. 在这一领域之前,在第二次世界大战的领导人似乎已被医生赫尔曼Plauson。博士Plauson是爱沙尼亚公民,谁在汉堡和瑞士居住。他进行了高空探测气球,从镁生产铝合金,电解沉积与包括在芬兰针实验。进一步的针掺杂的镭化合物,以增加当地的空气电离。 (这是时代,手表的双手与镭画手,使他们在黑暗中发光)。锌汞齐补丁也到航空器。Plauson获得一年0.72kW至3.4kW的功率输出和画2高空探测气球离地面300米。 Plauson博士在美国申请专利,英国和德国在20世纪20年代。他的著作“Gewinnung达科Verwertung报Atmosphärischen Elektrizität”是已知的最详细的技术帐户。
Other atmospheric electricity researchers contemporary to Dr Plauson included Walter Pennock and MW Dewey in the USA, Andor Palencsar in Hungary and Dr Heinrich Rudolph in Germany. Hippolyte Charles Vion in Paris predated them all, putting forward proposals in the 1850s and 1860s. 其他大气研究现代电力博士Plauson包括沃尔特彭诺克在德国和美国,安道尔Palencsar兆瓦杜威在匈牙利和海因里希鲁道夫博士。波利特查尔斯维翁早在巴黎所有,把19世纪50年代和60年代提出建议。
Heinrich Rudolph made an interesting contribution to the design of the aerostat collectors. In 1898 he designed an elliptical aerostat made up of faceted surfaces to minimise the effect of wind. The design bears a strong resemblance to Northrop's 2003 UCARS unamnned helicopter UAV project. The design uses the Coanda Effect to help keep the aerostat on station and minimise wind effects. 海因里希鲁道夫了一个有趣的贡献收藏家的浮空器的设计。在1898年,他设计了一个椭圆形的浮空器由面高达表面,尽量减少风的影响。设计负有非常相似诺格公司2003年UCARS unamnned直升机无人机项目。设计使用康达效应,以帮助保持在车站,并减少风的影响浮空器。
In recent times, the only person who seems to have been active in this field is Dr Oleg Jefimenko. Dr Jefimenko carried out experiments on driving electrostatic motors from the Earth's electric field in the 1970s and has recently called for research into the neglected field of electrostatic motors to be renewed. 在近代,谁的唯一的人似乎已经在这一领域活跃的是医生奥列Jefimenko。医生Jefimenko进行了驾驶地球电场静电马达在70年代和进入静电马达忽视领域的研究最近要求延长试验。
MIR's Research Programme 和平号上的研究计划
Since 1997 we have been carrying out theoretical research into conversion of atmospheric electricity into useable electrical power. 自1997年以来,我们一直进行到大气中的电力转换成可用的电能理论研究。
From a low level (5m high) simple zinc antenna we are able to obtain sufficient charge to light a number of white power LEDs. Further experimental investigations with metallic aerostat collectors and cavity resonant slow wave antennae concepts are ongoing... 从低层次(5米高)简单的锌天线,我们能够获得足够的收费轻白色功率LED数量。与金属浮空收藏家和谐振腔慢波天线的概念作了进一步的调查仍在进行中的实验...
Advantages of Atmospheric Electricity 大气电学优势
Simple and robust technology Low Cost technology - much cheaper than photovoltaics or wind turbines Available day and night in all weather conditions - in fact, more power is produced at night than during the day Available at any point on the Earth's surface 简单而强大的技术 低成本的技术-比光伏发电或风力涡轮机便宜 每天可在所有-事实上夜间的天气条件下,产生更多的权力,晚上比白天 可随时根据地球表面点
1. Gewinnung und Verwertung der Atmosphärischen Elektrizität, Dr Hermann Plauson, Hamburg, (1920) 2. Conversion of Atmospheric Electric Energy, USP 1,540,998, Dr Hermann Plauson, (1925) 3. Assembly for the Induction of Lightning into a Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage System, USP 5,367,245 Goven Mims, (1994) 4. Electrostatic Motors are Powered by Electric Field of the Earth; CL Stong, Scientific American, (October 1974) 5. Operation of Electric Motors from the Atmospheric Electric Field; Dr Oleg Jefimenko, American Journal of Physics, vol. 39, July 1971. 6. Electrostatic Motors: Their Principles, Types and Theory of Operation; Dr Oleg Jefimenko, Electret Scientific, (1972). 7. Parametric Electric Machine, USP 4,622,510, Ferdinand Cap, (1986).
1。 Gewinnung达科Verwertung报Atmosphärischen Elektrizität博士赫尔曼Plauson,汉堡,(1920) 2。转换大气电能,美国药典1540998,博士赫尔曼Plauson,(1925) 3。大会的闪电感应一成超导储能系统,美国药典5367245戈旺米姆斯,(1994) 4。静电马达均采用了电气地球场;氯四通, 科学美国人(1974年10月) 5。电机运行的大气电场;医生奥列Jefimenko, 美国物理杂志火山。 39,1971年7月。 6。 静电马达:自己的原则,类型和运算理论博士奥Jefimenko,驻极体科学,(1972)。 7。参数电机,美国药典4622510,费迪南德第(1986)。
British Patent # 157,262 英国专利号157262 (10 July 1922)
Improvements in Electric Motors 改进电机
Hermann Plauson // Otto Traun’s Forchungs-Laboratorium GmbH 赫尔曼Plauson / /奥托特劳恩的Forchungs,Laboratorium有限公司
This invention relates to that type of motor in which rotation is produced by means of the attraction and repulsion of surfaces carrying charges of electricity. 本发明涉及的汽车中,是由旋转的吸引和排斥的方法生产型表面进行电费。
According to this invention a stator and rotor are formed of condensor surfaces and charges of electricity thereon imposed in the form of alternating currents of high frequency. 根据这一定子,转子是冷凝器表面形成的发明和电力就此收费交替高频电流的形式实施。
The invention is more particularly described with reference to the accompanying drawing in which: --- 这项发明是较详细地描述参照所附图纸中:---
Figure 1 shows a simple form of motor and feed. 图1显示了汽车和饲料简单的形式。
Figure 2 is a modification of Figure 1. 图2是图1的修改。
Figure 3 shows one form of a spiral condenser surface. 图3显示的一个螺旋冷凝器表面的形式。
Figure 4 shows a wire wound condenser surface. 图4显示了线绕冷凝器表面。
Figure 5 is a diagram of one type of rotor, 图5是一种转子式图,
The inner plates of the condenser 5 and 6 are charged from a spark gap 7, 8 connected to a source of energy of sufficiently high pressure (alternating or direct current), until the potential has risen so far that a spark springs over. 冷凝器的5内板和6家来自火花隙7指控,8连接到了足够高的压力,能源(交流或直流),直到潜在的上升到目前为止,一个火花弹簧了。
The spark gap 7, 8 forms with the condenser 5 and self-inductance 9 and condenser 6 a closed oscillatory circuit and alternating currents of high frequency will be produced in this circuit. The high frequency current produced in the primary circuit 9 excite by induction in the secondary circuit 10 currents of the same periodicity. 火花间隙7,8冷凝器5和自感9和冷凝器6封闭交替振荡电路和高频电流,将在这个电路产生的形式。高频电流主电路中的9所产生的兴奋,在二次回路感应10同一时间周期电流。
The improved type of motor is fed by the discharges produced by the induction in the secondary circuit. 改进的发动机类型是喂给由二回路感应产生的排放。
Hitherto only Tesla’s motor system (shown diagrammatically in Figure 1, 16 and 17) was known for this purpose. The above-mentioned diagram is only shown for illustrating the fundamental principle. It has however no practical interest for carrying out large machines by reason of the impossibility of the regulation and the low efficiency. 迄今为止只有特斯拉的电机系统(如图所示概略1,第16和17)是为这个目的众所周知的。上述图显示的是只说明的基本原则。但是它没有执行的原因,这是不可能的监管和低效率的大型机器的现实利益。
Now according to this process, all these defects are overcome by the construction of a machine which is applicable for high frequency currents and of a more or less undamped nature. The difference between the principle of construction of these motors as compared with those hitherto customary consists in that the motor is not based on the principle of magnetic induction only (as have been all motors hitherto and also Tesla’s motors). 现在,根据这个过程中,所有这些缺陷都克服了一台机器的这对高频电流和或多或少阻尼性质适用建设。之间的为那些至今比较习惯的电机不是以原则为基础的磁感应只(如已迄今所有马达,并特斯拉的电机组成,这些马达建设的原则区别)。
It has been fund that the machine constructed according to Figure 1 cannot only be fed directly with static electricity but if it is connected to a source of high frequency current it will operate. 据基金建造的机器根据图1,不仅可以直接反馈,与静电但如果是连接到的高频电流会经营的来源。
The applicants call this new type of motors ‘condenser motors’ to differentiate them from hitherto existing types. 申请人称这种马达'冷凝器电动机的新类型来区分他们迄今现有类型。
The simplest form of construction of such condenser motors is shown in Figure 1, and this motor may be fed with high frequency alternating currents. 此类建筑冷凝器电动机是最简单的形式如图1所示,这可能与发动机高频喂养交流电。
At a given moment positive electricity is charged by means of the lead 14 to the stator surface 1 and to the brush 3x (Figure 1). The brush 3x is connected with the rotor condenser surface 3, so that both the stator surface 1 and also the rotor surface 3 is charged with positive electricity. The stator surface 1 and the rotor surface 3 being both charged with positive electricity and the second rotor surfaces 4 and 4a by brushes 4x with negative electricity, such motors can then be started by providing intermediate stator surfaces 11, 12, the earth connection 13 of one of which is broken by a switch (not shown) according to the direction of rotation desires, or alternatively the motor may be started by a separate source of alternating current in a manner similar to the starting of synchronous motors of known construction. After a half revolution of the rotor the brush 3x comes in contact with the second collector surface 4 so that now this surface is connected by the brush 3x with the stator surface 1 and the brush 4x with the collector surface 3. Consequently with a reverse direction of current through the second half of the oscillation period all the hereinbefore mentioned effects take place in the reverse direction which, however, produces no alteration in the direction of rotation because the dead points between two directions of oscillation are overcome by inertia. 在某一特定时刻正电的收费是由铅14定子表面1手段,刷3倍(图1)。画笔3倍,是连接转子冷凝器表面3,所以,无论是定子表面1,也是3转子表面与正电费用。定子表面1和转子表面3既是被控积极发电,第二转子表面4和负电刷4倍4A条,这种马达可以通过提供中间定子表面11日开始,12日,接地13其中之一是按一个开关(未显示)根据旋转的愿望,或者是汽车的方向可能是由交替的方式类似于目前的独立的源起开始建设的已知同步电动机。在对转子刷3倍半革命配备了4个收集面,使现在这个表面是由与定子表面1和表面与集电极3刷子刷3倍连接4倍接触。因此有电流通过的振荡周期上文所述的一切后果采取相反的方向,但是,生产没有旋转方向改变,因为两个方向的振荡死点是克服地方下半年相反方向惯性。
Although this motor is easy to start it can only be employed for small experimental and measuring purposes because the stator and rotor surfaces are made of solid metal and are heated by Foucalt (eddy) currents. In spite of its simplicity and its unsuitability for use in practice it must however be regarded as a basic type for technical calculations. 虽然这个运动很容易启动它只能雇用小规模的试验和测量的目的,因为定子,转子表面固体金属制成,并由福柯加热(涡)电流。尽管它的简单,并在实践中不过,我们必须作为基本型技术计算使用其视为不适合。
The condenser motor shown in Figure 2 differs from Figure 1 by the rotor surfaces consisting of six condenser surfaces connected one behind the other in series and they are connected with three collector surfaces, so that at any one moment only two adjacent collector surfaces come under the two brushes (3 and 4). In its other actions it corresponds to Figure 1. The leads 14 and 15 may be connected either to the ends of the secondary coil 10 or directly with the source of energy. The outer thicker line indicates the stator surfaces 1 and 2 (that is to say the unmoving part of the motor), 11 and 12 shown by thick dotted lines means earthed additional poles of the stator, 8, 9, and 10 are the outer parts of the rotor condenser surfaces which in turn are connected with the collector surfaces 8, 9, and 10. 5, 6, and 7 are the inner parts of the condenser surfaces of the rotor and 3 and 4 are brushes. 冷凝器电机,如图2所示,从图1不同的转子表面冷凝器组成的六面连接系列背后的另一种,他们涉嫌与3收藏家的表面,因此在任何时刻只有两个相邻的表面下,收集来二刷(3和4)。在其他行动它对应于图1。线索14和15也可以连接到次级线圈10结束,或与能源直接。外层较厚线表示定子表面1和2(即电机的静止的部分),第11和厚厚的手段虚线所示增加12接地极的定子,8,9,10人为外部零件转子冷凝器表面,又是与收集有关表面8,9和10。 5,6和7都是冷凝器内部零件表面的转子和3和4刷子。
Hitherto stator and rotor surfaces of compact metal have been spoken of. These however become highly heated with eddy currents and hardly yield 10-15% of useful effect. In examining into such small useful effects it was found that certain forms of metal sections in the stator and condenser surfaces highly increase these. It was then further found that if slots or notches be cut in the metal surfaces of the stator and rotor in the form of a spiral, not only was a higher useful effect possible, but also an easier starting and even a regulation could be obtained. 迄今为止定子,转子表面已经讲述了紧凑的金属。然而,这些变得非常激烈的涡流,几乎不产生有益的影响10-15%。在如此小到中发现,某些形式的金属部分,在定子和冷凝器表面高度增加,这些有益的影响研究。这是再进一步发现,如果槽或切口在金属切割表面的定子和一个螺旋形转子,不仅是一个有益的作用可能更高,而且更容易启动,甚至可以得到调节。
Experiments have shown that by such a form of construction it is possible to build a very useful motor for high frequency alternating currents more particularly those of an undamped nature. 实验表明,通过这样的建设有可能建立高交流电更多,特别是具有阻尼性质的频率是非常有益的运动形式。
If for example the system of construction of a stator shown in Figure 1, but four polar, be taken and the system of rotor construction shown diagrammatically in Figure 5, but with the form of construction of the condensers of the stator as well as of the rotor according to Figure 3, a condenser motor is obtained which works well in either direction for high frequency alternating current. It was also observed that the motors in such forms of construction were found to be more sensitive to resonance effects. Such a motor then works the best if stator and rotor surfaces have equal capacity and self-inductance so that the windings both in the stator and also in the rotor are in resonance. 例如,如果系统在图1所示定子建设,但四极,应采取和建设的转子系统所显示概略图5,但随着对定子的冷凝器建筑形式以及转子根据图3,冷凝器电动机获得良好的工作或交流电高频率的方向。也有人指出,在建筑等形式的发动机被发现更敏感共振效应。那么这样的汽车工程最好的,如果定子,转子表面有平等的能力和自我感,使两者在定子绕组,并在转子共振的。
A motor constructed according to the foregoing kind is already fully technically applicable. But even these motors have a series of faults, more particularly in their building construction. For example, the attachment of the spiral condenser surfaces both of the stator and of the rotor sown in Figure 3 are in practice difficult to carry out. Therefore in practice the condenser and stator surfaces are simply wound of wire or bands in the form shown in Figure 4. Such stator and rotor surfaces may, without further difficulty, be regarded as electromagnetic poles, although they are not made of iron as is the case in electromagnets. Such machines may be spoken of directly as motors for high frequency alternating currents in which the separate pole surfaces consists of wound induction condenser surfaces of which one is sound on the stator and the other on the rotor. 一个发动机构造根据上述一种是在技术上已经完全适用。但即使这些电动机有一系列的故障多,特别是在他们的建筑。例如,在附件螺旋冷凝器表面均定子和图3中的转子播种面积在实践中难以执行。因此,在实践冷凝器和定子表面只是伤口带金属丝或在图4所示的表格。这种定子,转子表面可无须再困难,可被视为电磁极,虽然他们不是铁作出电磁铁是如此。这种机器可能因使用直接针对高交变电流,其中单独极感应表面伤口表面冷凝器由其中一个是健全的定子和转子电机的其他频率。
If the coil as shown in Figure 4 be made of well insulated wires the coil can be embedded in insulating material either for the stator or motor surfaces as has already been done in the case of ordinary single and multiphase motors. At the same time the possibility is afforded by increasing the number of turns to produce a greater or smaller alteration of the self induction co-efficients. 如果如图4所示是线圈绝缘线圈以及可以在绝缘无论是对电机定子或材料表面嵌入了作为电线已在普通单,多相电动机所做的那样。与此同时,可能是通过增加数量提供轮流产生自我感应合作或大或小的改动,efficients。
In Figure 5 is shown a modified construction of a rotor for a four pole motor consisting of four condenser surfaces 1, 2, 3, 4, of which 1 and 2 are connected though an iductance 9 coupled with the coil 10. Four inner surfaces 5, 6, 7, 8 are provided of which 5 and 6 are directly connected also 7 and 8 similarly connected. 在图5所示为4杆组成四个冷凝器电动机的转子表面改性建设1,2,3,4,其中1和2,但与10耦合线圈的iductance 9连接。四年内表面5,6,7,8,提供其中5个和6个是直接连接7日和8也同样连接。
The pairs of like poles are connected by wires 14 and 15 to the source of energy. By a suitable selection of the values of the reactance and capacity in these circuits resonance circuits may be formed. 像极的双连接的电线14和第15的能量来源。由该电抗和这些电路谐振电路的能力选择合适的值可能形成。
Having now particularly described and ascertain the nature of our said invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we claim is: --- [Claims not included here] 现在有特别说明,并确定性质,我们说的发明和以何种方式同样是要执行,我们宣布,我们声明是:--- [声明这里不包括]
British Patent # 157,263 英国专利号157263
Process & Apparatus for Converting Static Atmospheric Electrical Energy into Dynamic Electrical Energy of any Suitable High Periodicity 为转换过程与大气电能静态到动态仪电能任何适合高频率
Hermann Plauson // H.O. Traun’s Forschungs-Laboratorium GmbH
Static aerial electricity in the form of direct current can be converted by using spark gaps and with the assistance of oscillatory circuits into dynamic electrical wave energy of a high number of alternations of a more or less undamped nature and in such form --- either direct or by means of a special kind of resonance or 'condenser motors' --- ready to be utilized for technical purposes as mechanical energy. 静电架空电力的形式直接电流可以通过火花的差距,并在进入一个动态的或多或少阻尼性质交替大量的能源和电力波的形式---无论是直接援助振荡电路转换或由一类特殊的共振或'冷凝器电动机'是指---随时可以利用的机械能为技术目的。
For small installations this system may be very well employed; about 100 horsepower may be stated as practical limit. In constructions of larger aggregate difficulties as regards the spark gaps however increase considerably. Further it is desirable to convert the accumulated currents of from 100 to 1000 periods which may then be used for the ordinary types of alternating current machines instead of into electromagnetic waves of a high number of alternations. 这个系统可以很好地使用了小型装置,大约100马力,可表述为实际限制。在规模较大的困难,总建筑方面的差距的火花但是大大增加。此外,最好转换从100到1000,然后再进行的交替成为一个交替的大量电磁波,而不是目前的普通类型的机器使用期间的累计电流的。
In experimenting with condenser motors the construction of which forms the object of British Patent # 157,262 it was observed that the rotor, if one pole of the stator surface be connected with the aerials collecting aerial electricity and the other pole with the earth, not only could act as a motor, but if vice versa the rotor connection with the stator be interrupted and the rotor caused to rotate by means of another motor, that when the brushes supply an alternating current the periodicity of which is dependent on the number of poles and the revolutions of the rotor. Such an apparatus may therefore be regarded as a transformer of static into dynamic electrical energy. 在与冷凝器电动机的建筑形式,其中试验的英国专利号#157262对象有人指出,转子,如果定子表面的连接杆与空中电力和收集与地球的另一极天线,不仅可以作为一个运动,但如果反之亦然定子与转子的连接被中断,造成转子旋转电机的另一手段,当刷子提供一个交流的周期性的是极数的依赖革命的转子。这种仪器可能因此被视为进入静态动态电能变压器。
The invention is more particularly described with reference to the accompanying diagrams in which: --- 这项发明是较详细地描述参照中所附图表:---
In Figure 1A is a strong accumulator battery, 1 and 2 are the outer poles of the transformer, consisting of simple metallic plates or are as shown in Figures 8-11, made of wire coils without an electromagnet being present. Between these poles an armature is revolubly mounted on a shaft, which armature also consists of two similar cylindrically curved plates 3 and 4. These are metallically connected with two collector rings 5 and 6 on which two brushes 7 and 8 freely run which again are short-circuited with one another over a primary coil 9. 10 is the secondary coil with the free ends 11 and 12. If through the accumulator battery the stator plate 1 is charged with positive electricity, it induces a charge of reverse sign on the rotor surface 3 which is connected by the brushes 7 and 8 over the primary coil 9 with the second rotor surface 4. This latter is therefore charged with positive electricity, which in turn induces negative electricity on the stator surface 2/ Up to this moment everything takes place in the same way as if two condensers were connected one behind the other in the current circuit A. If however, by means of mechanical power, this rotor be caused to rotate, the surface conditions are altered. After a quarter revolution the rotor plates are between the stator plates and therefore no condenser surface faces another. By this means however, the capacity of the entire system is reduced to a minimum and a change of current will also result in the main 9. Now if the rotor be turned further through 90 degrees by mechanical energy the rotor plate 3 comes opposite the stator plate 2 and the rotor plate 4 opposite the stator plate 1, so that then the rotor pates are in a field of reverse sign. A fresh charge of current in the reverse direction now runs through the primary coil 9. After a further half revolution the same action is repeated so that after a full revolution the initial condition is again produced. The result of such a revolution is an alternating current the periodicity of which is equal to the number of revolution. In practice of course not two poles but as many poles as possible would be employed because thereby the number of alternations would e considerably increased. The primary alternating current thus obtained induces in the secondary circuit an alternating current the potential of which is dependent on the winding of the coil. Figure 7 shows a multipolar machine. 图1A是一个强大的蓄电池,1和2是变压器的简单的金属板组成,外层或两极,如图8-11所示,在没有导线线圈的电磁铁在场。之间的一个电枢是revolubly一个轴,而电枢还两次类似的圆柱弯曲板3和4由安装极。这些metallically连接两个珍藏环5日和6月,两名刷7和第8自由运行而这又是短期彼此短路超过初级线圈9。 10是与自由端11日和12次级线圈。如果通过蓄电池定子板1与正电指控,它不仅引发了转子表面3是由刷7比初级线圈与第二个转子表面4 9 8连接标志的逆向负责。后者因此被控正电,而这又诱发了定子表面2负电/截至目前一切都发生在相同的方式进行,犹如两个冷凝器已连接背后的电流电路答:如果另一然而由机械权力的手段,这会导致转子旋转,表面条件改变。一个季度后,革命的转子与定子板板块,因此没有冷凝器表面都面临着另一个。但是通过这种方式,整个系统的容量减少到最低限度,对目前的结果也将在主要9的变化。现在,如果通过转子被关闭90度进一步转子的机械能来对面盘3盘2定子,转子,定子板对面1 4盘,使转子顶上,然后在一个反向场的迹象。阿目前在相反方向运行的新负责,通过初级线圈9。经过进一步的一半革命的重复同样的行动,以便充分革命后,初始条件的再次产生。这种革命的结果是交流电,其中周期等于革命的数量。当然,在实践中没有两极但尽可能将聘用的,因为,从而将位置交替人数大大增加,许多波兰人。主要的交流,从而获得诱导的二次回路交变电流的潜力是取决于绕组线圈的。图7显示了一个多极的机器。
If the stator surface 1, instead of being connected with the battery be connected with a collecting aerial network and the other stator surface 2 be directly earthed, but the rotor wich is otherwise constructed as hereinbefore, be rotated by a separate motor a much stronger alternating current results which is to be ascribed to the circumstance that a much higher potential can be charged on the pole surfaces of the stator by reason of the higher pressure of the static electricity than where accumulators are employed. By this means the transformer has of course much larger quantities of energy supplied to it. 如果定子表面1而不是与电池相连,相连的空中网络,收集和其他定子表面2,直接接地,但转子是否则为上文所建造的,是由一个单独的旋转电机更强有力的交替这要得益于一个非常高的潜在可在极电流的情况下收取的结果表面,对蓄电池比在雇用静电更高的压力原因的定子。通过这种方法的变压器,当然有更大的能量提供给它的数量。
Figure 2 shows a mode of connections. The stator surface 1 is connected with the aerial antennae which is connected through the safety spark gap F to earth at E1. The stator surface 2 is directly earthed at E2. The inner revoluble rotor surfaces 3 and 4 are interconnected by means of an induction coil which is constructed directly in the motor. The current is taken as in Figure 1 up to collector rings by means of brushes, which are not shown for the sake of clearness, and further conveyed through the conductors 11 and 12. Between these a condenser 5 may be inserted. There is thereby formed a short oscillatory oscillation circuit free from spark gaps, which circuit consists of the induction coil 9 and condenser 5 and is fed by the periodic charging current impulse. By this means the possibility is afforded of obtaining a kind of current which is characterized by longer periods and is undamped and oscillatory. Of course a simple alternating current may be obtained by cutting out the condenser. 图2显示的连接模式。定子表面1连接天线与天线是通过安全火花隙f在E1至地接驳。定子表面二是直接接地的E2类。内revoluble转子表面3和4是由一个感应线圈是建于马达直接手段相互联系的。目前采取如图1至集流环的刷子手段,这是不是为了明晰起见表现,并进一步通过导体11和12转达。之间的一冷凝器5月5日被插入。有从而形成了短期振荡振荡电路的火花的差距,这电路包括感应线圈9和冷凝器5,由定期充电电流脉冲馈自由。通过这种方法的可能性是提供了一种获得当前的特点是更长的时间,是无阻尼的振荡。当然,一个简单的交流可能获得通过削减了冷凝器。
Instead of the induction coil the condenser may also b constructed in the rotor. His can be carried out in such a way that its ends serve directly as collector rings for taking current through the brushes. In Figure 3 such a motor is sketched in perspective, 3 and 4 are the rotor surfaces, 5 and 6 are the condenser surfaces constructed to form part of the rotor consisting of two co-axial cylinders fitting one in the other in such a way that free room is left for the brushes 7 on one end of the condenser cylinder 6. 取而代之的是电容式感应线圈也可b在转子构造。他可以进行这样的方式,其目的作为集流环,直接采取电流通过刷。在图3这样的运动是描绘的对象看,3和4转子表面,5和6是冷凝器表面的构造,使之成为两个同轴瓶装的方式其他装置一转子组成部分自由的空间上留下一个冷凝器缸6月底刷7。
The condenser may be made in the form of a cylindrically wound spiral forming the capacity and reactance as shown in Figure 4. A further type of transformer is shown in Figure 5. The difference consists in the stator and rotor surfaces not only each assuming a quarter of the circuit but almost the half. By this means the space and the effective condenser surface is better utilized. Charge is produced only when the rotor surfaces face the full scope of the stator surfaces. 冷凝器,可在一个圆柱伤口形成的能力和抗如图4所示螺旋形。进一步的变压器类型如图5所示。不同之处在于定子和转子的表面,不仅每个假设电路的预期,但几乎一半。通过这种方法的空间和有效冷凝器表面更好的利用。收费只生产转子表面时,面对的全部范围定子表面。
In addition a condition is obtained in which the stator surfaces are inductively connected by the rotor surfaces. The consequence of this is that an alternating current simultaneously results which is produced without sparking otherwise the connection is as before. 另外一个条件是获得该定子表面电感连接的转子表面。这一结果是,交变电流,同时这是没有引发其他的连接产生的结果是以前一样。
Figure 6 shows the alternation of the rotor surfaces; the rotor here consists of two cylindrical condenser plates arranged concentrically, each divided into two halves and connected so that half the inner cylinder is connected to half the outer. Such a machine shows the more complete transformer action. 图6显示了转子交替表面;转子这里的两个圆柱形电容器安排同心板块组成,每个分成两个部分,连接,使一半的内筒连接到外部的一半。这种机器显示了较完整的变压器的行动。
Figure 7 shows a four polar transformer. It consists of a metal casing, the lower half of which is fastened with the foundation plates 17 to the support or foundation. The upper half, the cover, is connected by bolts 15 and 16 firmly with the under part. This upper sleeve or casing is insulated from the under part. Two rings 1 and 2 are cylindrically constructed in the casing. The ring 1 is metallically connected with the collector aerial and the ring 2 with the earth. On both rings an equal number of stator surfaces are mounted side by side but well insulated from one another and thus form an electrostatic field similar to the electromagnetic in many alternating current machines. The rotor consists in similar manner of two rings 5 and 6 on which an equal number of rotor surfaces are fixed so that each stator surface faces a rotor surface. By the brushes 7 and 8 the alternating current formed is removed from the collector. The charge is conveyed by the conductor 14 to and by 13 away. If this rotor be then rotated by means of a motor the positive and negative fields precisely as in the case of magnetizing will alter and thereby an alternating current is formed in the rotor, the periods of which are dependent on the number of the poles and the revolutions per second. 图7显示了四极变压器。它由一个金属外壳,低一半是与基板17的支持或基础牢固。上半,封面,牢固地连接部分的螺栓根据15和16。这上部套管或绝缘套管,是从下一部分。两只戒指1和2圆柱的外壳建造。环1 metallically连接收集空中和与地球环2。在这两个环的相同数目的定子表面的并排安装,但也相互隔绝,因而形成许多交流电机器静电场类似的电磁。转子由两个环在5和6上的转子表面同样数量是固定的,以便每个定子表面转子表面面临着类似的方式。到了第7和第8刷子的交流电形成从收藏家删除。收费是转达指挥14和13以外。如果这是转子,然后通过一个准确地在磁化会改变,从而交变电流情况下,积极和消极方面,是在电机转子形成旋转的手段的时期,其中依赖于极点和数量革命每秒。
At the commencement it was thought that this apparatus could only be regarded as alternating current converters, but it was soon found that much more energy was necessary to rotate the rotor than might be necessary to overcome the friction. It was then found that the considerable expenditure of energy for rotating the rotor was caused by a conductor being moved through strongly electrostatic fields since the electrostatic lines of force must be cut at right angles and that further in the conductors a stronger current arose than was otherwise to be expected. This apparatus must therefore not only be regarded as a transformer, but also as an energy producer, with the difference that the excitation here is obtained instead of by means of electromagnets, by static fields of high pressure. The entire system may, to some extent, be compared with a dynamo in which the excitation takes place by means of a fixed constant magnet. It was further ascertained that this way of using the atmospheric electricity produced a sort of suction on the collector network, and that thus suitable greater quantities of current could be obtained. 在开始有人认为这种仪器只能是把交流电转换器,但它很快就发现,更多的精力是必要的旋转比可能有必要克服转子摩擦。据当时发现的能量旋转转子的巨额开支,是因为正在通过导体静电场提出强烈的力量,因为静电线必须削减成直角,并进一步导体产生更强的电流比其他可以预料的。因此,必须此仪器不仅被视为一个变压器,而且也是能源生产商认为,在这里得到激发,而不是通过电磁手段高压静电领域的差异。整个系统可在一定程度上,是较发电机励磁在其中所采用的固定不变磁铁的手段进行。据进一步查明,这一使用方式生产的电力大气的吸力收集网络上的排序,并因此能更大量适合目前可以得到的。
The effects which in this apparatus became evident are extremely interesting and open a prospect of being able to obtain here a great deal more. Merely that these transformer made it possible to transform suitable quantities of atmospheric electricity into alternating current of high or lower frequency (without the use of spark gaps) shows already the extreme utility of these apparatus. Should in future, the construction of larger aggregates be necessary the transformer installation may be constructed in such a way that motors which are fed by a current obtained from an installation with spark gaps produce a certain quantity of energy which may then be employed for producing current according to the last described system. 的影响,在这种仪器变得明显是非常有趣和开放的前景,能够在这里获得了很多的。只是,这些变压器使得有可能转变成大气电交替的高或低电流频率(不使用空白的火花)合适的数量,已经制作了这些仪器的极为有用。今后应,较大总量的建设是必要的变压器安装可能会以这种方式构造,是由电流与火花差距安装获得产生巨大的能量,然后再进行生产聘用一定数量的电动机电流反馈根据最后描述系统。
The results of the examinations made for this may be construed as follows. 对可能被解释为使检查结果如下。
(1) If solid electrodes (condenser surfaces, rotor and stator surfaces) are employed they become hot. This effect may be considerably reduced by cutting the electrodes in ribbed form Figure 8, but not entirely removed. This form allows the surface of the condenser plate to be enlarged or increased; the electrodes may be fastened in a simple manner on the under frame by perforation 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. (1)如固体电极(冷凝器表面,转子和定子表面)雇用他们成为热点。这种影响可能会大大削减各种形式的带肋图8电极,但还没有完全消除。这种形式允许冷凝器板表面扩大或增加,该电极可以以简单的方式固定在框架上通过穿孔1,2,3,4,5。
(2) If nicks or notches in spiral form as shown in Figure 9 seen from the side end in Figure 10 in section are employed, not only is the transformer effect greater but the poles yields also more current, but require greater quantities of energy for their movement than a simple commutator action would require. (2若刻痕或螺旋形式的凹槽),如图9所示从图10节结束时看到的是一方就业,不仅是变压器的影响更大,但产量也更加两极电流,但需要更大量的能量为他们的行动只是一个简单的换向器行动需要。
(3) The greatest effect is obtained if the rotor and stator surfaces are wound in flat spiral form of suitably thick wire, and in such a way that the inductive effect combining with the capacity is calculated in suitable proportion and this result is adapted to a suitable periodicity. In practice this is preferably done by the wire bent in spiral form being inserted in a separate vulcanite or hard rubber mass (see Figure 11) so that a smooth pole surface is formed similar to that in phase motors. (3)取得最大的效果是,如果转子和定子表面厚厚的适当形式的螺旋线平伤口,并在这样一种方式的诱导效应相结合的计算能力在适当的比例,而这一结果是适应了合适的周期。实际上,这是最好的形式在螺旋线进行弯曲被插入在一个单独的硬橡胶或硬橡胶质量(见图11),这样一极光滑表面形成类似三相马达这一点。
Regular undamped oscillations of a high frequency may however be produced if the converter be carried out in the manner shown in Figure 13. The aerial wire L is metallically connected with the ring 20. To this two pole surfaces 1 and 2 are connected. The inductive earth pole is also connected with a second ring 10 from which again two, poles 1a and 2a are branched off. Of course in similar manner any suitable number of poles may be branched of. In similar manner there are in the rotor two poles fastened to one another (3 and 4 and 3a and 4a) connected with separate collector rings. From these two rings the current is collected by means of two brushes. The induced alternating current is however directly metallically connected with an inductive earth stator conductor over an induction coil 9. Further a combined inductance and capacity 5 is inserted between the two wires 11 and 12 in parallel with the converter. By this means a sparkless oscillatory circuit is obtained which can act on the exciting current in the stator. This produces however, a periodic alteration of the charging quantities according to the oscillation curves of the rotor currents in consequence of which the stator charge also commences with resonance oscillations and if the stator and rotor surfaces are calculated to one another in such a way that they are adapted to form oscillations of waves of similar length the entire converter is caused to oscillate and furnishes undamped oscillations of a high number of alternations, but of periodically changed amplitude, the form of which is dependent on the amplitude of the main alternating current and is caused by the number of the poles and revolutions per second. Thus an alternating current of, for example, 100 periods is formed, the separate periods of which are formed by undamped oscillations of a higher number of alternations. In Figures 14-16 four other diagrams of converters are illustrated, the object of which is not to produce usual alternating current, but oscillations of high frequency. 经常阻尼的高频振荡可能不过如果能够进行的转换器在图13所示的方式进行。空中电线L是metallically的环20连接。为此两极表面1和2连接。归纳地球极点也与第二个10环,再次2,两极1A和2A的分支了。在类似的方式的时候有适当数量极可能是分支的。在类似的方式中有两个固定转子彼此(3和第4和第3A及4A)有独立的集流环连接的电线杆。从这两个电流是由两个刷子收集的戒指。诱导但是交流电直接metallically与一个电感比地球感应线圈9定子导体。进一步合并电感和能力5插入的同时转换器之间的两根线11和12。通过这种方法一无火花振荡电路,可以得到作用于令人激动的定子电流。这将产生然而,根据振荡充电量的周期性改变其后果其中定子负责人也开始与谐振,如果定子,转子转子电流曲线曲面计算这种方式,他们彼此适应,形成了类似的长度波的整个转换而导致无阻尼振荡然后提供了大量的交替振荡振荡,但周期性变化幅度,形式是依赖于主要交流电幅度,是造成的两极和每秒转数。因此,交变电流的,例如,100期形成,其不同时期所形成的交替较多无阻尼振荡。在14-16的转换器等四个图是说明图,其中的对象不是一般产生交流电,但在高频振荡。
The main difference of these systems from those previously described is that from the connection of the collecting aerials is made between the stator pole 1 (Figure 14) and one pole 16 of the condenser 17 and the earth connection between a second stator pole 2 and the pole 18 of the condenser 19. The other poles of these condensers 17 and 19 are short circuited through a ring over two inductive primary coils 9 and 9a with one another. The secondary coils form the rotor conductors 10 and 10a. The rotor itself is constructed in the manner shown in Figure 6 of two short-circuited plate condensers which may be wound as shown in Figure 11. In similar manner of course the stator surfaces may also be formed. The collector rings of the rotor with the two brushes for collecting current are here not shown in order to simplify the drawings. By the connection of the two condensers in the exiting circuit of the converter and also by the action of the alternating current produced in the rotor on the stator circuit, with a correct calculation of the capacity and the self-induction co-efficients a maximum action may be obtained. The kind of current produced will be similar to that described for Figure 12. 这些系统的主要区别,从前面描述的是,从收集天线连接定子之间作出极1(图14)和一极的冷凝器17 16和定子之间的第二杆2和接地的极的冷凝器19 18。这些冷凝器17杆和其他19个是在两个短路9初级线圈感应通过环及9A彼此。次要线圈组成转子导体10和10A。转子本身构造图中的两个短路板可伤口,如图11所示冷凝器6所示的方式。当然,在定子表面类似的方式也可能形成。在收集与当前的位置没有显示,以简化图纸两个刷转子的集流环。通过在转换器的退出赛道的两个冷凝器,也由交流电制作的赛道上的定子与转子的能力和自感合作正确的计算,采取行动的efficients最大行动可能获得。电流产生的将是类似图12中描述的一种。
The novelty of the converter illustrated in Figure 15 consists mainly in that the current resulting in the rotor is not directly employed, but only serves a exciter of the primary coils 9a and 9b. The working current is produced in the secondary coils 10 and 10a and further conducted through the conductors 11 and 12. The stator current may be brought by the regulatable inductive resistance 9 to the same resonance as the rotor current. 在图15所示的转换器主要包括新颖的,目前在转子结果没有直接就业,而只是服务于主线圈9A及9B激励。工作电流产生的二次线圈10和10A,并进一步通过导体11和12进行。目前可能会受到阻力9可调控归纳到目前的转子定子带来同样的共鸣。
In Figure 16 a very similar system is shown to Figure 14. The condenser 5 is however connected in parallel with the converter; and by the inductive resistance constructed in the rotor a short circuited oscillatory circuit is formed which gives extraordinarily good results and is simple in construction. 在图16一个非常类似的系统显示图14。冷凝器5然而并联的转换器;和归纳性的一振荡电路短路形成赋予非常好的效果,是建造简单的转子构造。
The inductive resistance 9 may also instead of being constructed in the rotor be constructed as primary coil employed outside the rotor and short circuit the oscillatory circuit over the stator surfaces (see Figure 17). 归纳阻力也可能而不是在转子建造9外面,转子及短路对定子振荡电路采用初级线圈构造表面(见图17)。
The last six types serve only for producing oscillations of a high number of alternations. If it be desired to obtain ordinary alternating current there complicated constructional arrangements are not required as the types illustrated in Figures 1 to 11 suffice. It is self-evident that these arrangements may be altered in various ways by means of different condenser surfaces in practice. 最后的六种类型,只会制造了大量的交替振荡。如果是希望取得普通交流电有复杂的施工安排,不要求如图所示1至11足够的类型。这是不言自明的是,这些安排可能会以不同的方式改变了不同的手段在实践中冷凝器表面。 Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we claim is: --- [ Claims not included here ] 现在有特别说明,并确定了性质的说,发明和以何种方式相同的是要执行,我们宣布,我们声明是:--- [声明这里不包括]
|