世界各地对金星(Venus-维纳斯)特征的早期历史记载都惊人地相似,她像是条大毒蛇或龙;她像是天空中燃烧的火把;它像是颗留着长发或胡子的星星;在中国,太白金星在早期道教经典中出现,这位女神穿着黄色的衣服,头上戴着鸡冠那样的帽子,手里抱着一种叫琵琶的乐器。传说太白金星主杀伐,古代诗文中多以比喻兵戎。在苏美神话系统里金星的代表神“伊南娜”以及古巴比伦文明的金星代表神“伊丝塔”也被认为与战争有关,是掌管战争的女神。
“伊南娜”(Inanna,与苏美尔语中的月神-Nanna非常接近) 是苏美尔文明中记载的女神,代表金星: “Like a dragon you have deposited venom on the foreign lands...raining the fanned fire down upon the nation...With a roaring storm you roar...devastatrix of the lands...Mankind comes before you in fear and trembling at your tempestuous radiance.” “像龙(蜥蜴)一样,你将毒液堆积在这片毫不相干的领土上...将暴雨般连绵的火焰降临到这片土壤...你如暴风雨般咆哮着...摧毁了这片土地...人类来到你面前,在你狂暴的光辉下,惶恐战栗着。”
古巴比伦文明中的“伊丝塔”(Ishtar)同样是金星的代表神,基于伊丝塔每年会进入冥界再复活的本质,一般认为英文的复活节(Easter)字源即是Ishtar,古代文献中对“伊丝塔”女神有如下记载: “...shining torch of heaven and earth...furious irresistible onslaught... I rain down like flames...” “...仿佛是天地间耀眼的火炬...狂怒不可抵挡的冲击...我带来了火焰般的降雨...”
古埃及文明中对“赛格马特”(Sekhmet)女神的描述与上述对金星的记载有着明显的共性: “A flame of fire in her tempest...the fear of me is in their hearts...the awe of me is in their hearts...No one at all can approach her...The streams behind her are flames of fire.” “在她的狂怒中充满燃烧的火焰...他们心中充满了对我的恐惧...他们的心中充满了对我的敬畏...没有人可以接近她...在她的身后迸射出剧烈的火焰。”
金星在中美洲有“灾星”的传说记载,16世纪天主教圣芳济修会的修道士(Bernardino de Sahagún)将如下对金星(维纳斯)的研究写入了阿兹台克人的编年史: And when it [Venus] newly emerged, much fear came over them; all were frightened. Everywhere the outlets and openings of [houses] were closed up. It was said that perchance [the light] might bring a cause of sickness, something evil when it came to emerge. “当它(维纳斯-金星)再次浮现时,极度的恐怖席卷了他们;所有人都被惊吓了。所有的路口和大门都被人们关闭了。据说它浮现时的光芒可以带来疾病与邪恶。”
中国民间把彗星贬称为“扫帚星”、“灾星”,是不祥的预兆。 见下图,
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